Ab Construction Diploma Civil Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Surging is a phenomenon in which a system experiences rapid and temporary increases in pressure or flow rate.

• Surging can occur in various systems such as pipelines, compressors, pumps, and turbines.

• It is often caused by sudden changes in demand, equipment malfunctions, or improper system design.

• Surging can lead to damage to equipment, reduced efficiency, and safety hazards.

• Examples include water hammer in pipelines and

Froude number is a dimensionless number used to quantify the influence of gravity on fluid flow.

• Froude number is defined as the ratio of inertia force to gravitational force in a fluid flow.

• It is used to determine the type of flow (subcritical, critical, or supercritical) in open channel flow.

• Froude number is calculated as Fr = V / sqrt(g * d), where V is velocity, g is acceleration due to gravity, and d is depth of fl

Weeping is the process of fluid leaking out of a solid material, often due to damage or excess moisture.

• Weeping can occur in materials such as wood, concrete, and metal.

• It is often a sign of structural damage or deterioration.

• Examples include water weeping from a crack in a wall or oil weeping from a car engine.

• Weeping can also refer to the shedding of tears in humans and animals.

A basic PFD of a WTP plant including feed quality and sensors.

• Include feed quality parameters such as turbidity, pH, temperature, and flow rate

• Include sensors for monitoring parameters like chlorine levels, pressure, and conductivity

• Show the flow of water through various treatment processes like coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection

Process checks in line testing of a 6inch dia pigging line and associated calculations

• Pressure testing to ensure integrity of the line

• Flow testing to check for blockages or restrictions

• Calibration of pigging equipment for accurate results

• Calculations involve pressure drop, flow rate, and pigging efficiency

• Recording and analyzing data for future reference

Bus bar schemes are different ways of connecting bus bars in power systems.

• Single bus bar scheme

• Double bus bar scheme

• Main and transfer bus bar scheme

• Ring bus bar scheme

• Breaker and a half scheme

• Mesh bus bar scheme

The equipment sequence for any line bay starts with the circuit breaker and ends with the transformer.

• The circuit breaker is the first equipment in the sequence.

• Next comes the isolator switch.

• After that, the earth switch is operated.

• Then the line disconnector is opened.

• Finally, the transformer is disconnected from the line.

• The sequence is reversed when the line bay is put back into service.