Top 250 Web Development Interview Questions and Answers

IIS server is a web server that processes and serves HTTP requests.

• IIS stands for Internet Information Services.

• It is a component of the Windows Server operating system.

• IIS uses HTTP protocol to communicate with clients and serve web content.

• It listens for incoming requests on a specified port, usually port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.

• When a request is received, IIS processes it and returns the appropriate response.

• IIS can handle various types of requests, including st...read more

Server side code runs on the server and client side code runs on the client's browser.

• Server side code is executed on the server before the data is sent to the client's browser.

• Client side code is executed on the client's browser after receiving the data from the server.

• Examples of server side code include PHP, Java, and Python.

• Examples of client side code include JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.

Custom hooks in Angular are functions that allow you to reuse logic across multiple components.

• Custom hooks are created using the @Injectable decorator

• They can be used to share stateful logic between components

• They can also be used to abstract away complex logic from components

• Custom hooks can be tested independently of components

A website is a collection of web pages accessible via the internet, used for various purposes such as information sharing, communication, and e-commerce.

• Websites provide a platform for businesses to showcase their products and services to a global audience.

• They allow individuals and organizations to share information, news, and updates with a wide range of users.

• Websites can facilitate communication through features like contact forms, chat support, and social media integrati...read more

To move one frame to another frame, we need to use the setFrame() method.

• Use the setFrame() method to move to another frame.

• Pass the frame number as an argument to the setFrame() method.

• Example: setFrame(2) will move to the third frame.

• Frames are numbered starting from 0.

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing pre-configured templates and components.

• Spring Boot provides a set of pre-configured templates and components that can be used to quickly develop Java applications.

• It includes features like auto-configuration, embedded servers, and production-ready metrics.

• Spring Boot also integrates with other Spring frameworks like Spring Data and Spring Security.

• Some of the key components of Spring...read more

To upload resume using Selenium, use sendKeys() method to locate the file input element and pass the file path.

• Locate the file input element using any of the locators like id, name, class, etc.

• Use sendKeys() method to pass the file path to the file input element.

• Click on the submit button to upload the file.

I would check the server logs and troubleshoot the issue.

• Check if the website is properly configured on the server

• Check if there are any errors in the server logs

• Check if there are any issues with the website's code or database

• Restart the server or relevant services if necessary

Web designing is the process of creating visually appealing and functional websites using various design elements and coding languages.

• Web design involves creating layouts, color schemes, typography, and graphics for websites.

• It also involves coding using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to make the website interactive and responsive.

• Web design is used to create websites for businesses, organizations, individuals, and even governments.

• Good web design can improve user experience, inc...read more

Build a sample app server using express.js

• Install express.js using npm

• Create a new express app

• Set up routes and middleware

• Start the server to listen on a specific port

Spring is a framework while Spring Boot is an extension of Spring.

• Spring Boot provides auto-configuration and embedded servers.

• Spring Boot reduces boilerplate code and simplifies application setup.

• Spring Boot is opinionated and provides defaults for configuration.

• Spring Boot is ideal for microservices and standalone applications.

• Spring is more flexible and customizable than Spring Boot.

Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model to handle concurrency.

• Node.js uses an event loop to handle multiple requests simultaneously.

• It uses callbacks to handle I/O operations asynchronously.

• It also supports worker threads for CPU-intensive tasks.

• Node.js provides a cluster module to create child processes for load balancing.

• It can handle thousands of concurrent connections efficiently.

Frames are used to divide a web page into multiple sections. They can be handled using various methods.

• Use switchTo() method to switch to the frame

• Use defaultContent() method to switch back to the main content

• Use frame() method to locate the frame by index, name, or WebElement

• Use parentFrame() method to switch to the parent frame

• Use getWindowHandle() method to get the handle of the current window

To upload a document to a server, use a file upload form with appropriate server-side code.

• Create a file upload form in HTML using the element.

• Use server-side code (e.g., PHP, Node.js) to handle the uploaded file.

• Validate the file type and size on the server to ensure security.

• Move the uploaded file to a designated folder on the server.

• Store the file details (e.g., filename, path) in a database if necessary.

Session is maintained through session affinity or sticky sessions.

• Session affinity ensures that a user's session is always directed to the same server.

• Sticky sessions use cookies to track the user's session and direct them to the same server.

• Load balancers can also use IP-based affinity to maintain sessions.

• Session persistence can be configured based on time or number of requests.

• Without session affinity, users may experience issues with lost data or inconsistent behavior.

Context API is a feature in React that allows sharing data between components without having to pass props through every level of the component tree.

• Context API provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• It is useful for sharing global data such as themes, user authentication, or language preferences.

• Context API consists of three main parts: Provider, Consumer, and useContext hook.

• Example: const ThemeContex...read more

Web hosting is a service that allows individuals and organizations to make their websites accessible on the internet.

• Web hosting involves storing website files on a server that is connected to the internet.

• It provides the necessary infrastructure and technologies for websites to be viewed online.

• Web hosting companies offer different types of hosting plans, such as shared hosting, VPS hosting, and dedicated hosting.

• Examples of popular web hosting providers include Bluehost, Ho...read more

Mean stack developers are responsible for developing web applications using the MEAN stack.

• Mean stack developers use the MEAN stack, which includes MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js.

• They are proficient in both front-end and back-end development.

• They design and implement user interfaces, create APIs, and handle database operations.

• They collaborate with other team members to ensure smooth integration of different components.

• They are skilled in JavaScript, HTML, CSS, a...read more

To create a SOAP-based interface, define the WSDL file and generate the client and server stubs.

• Define the WSDL file with the SOAP operations and messages

• Use a tool like Apache CXF or Axis2 to generate client and server stubs

• Implement the server-side logic for the SOAP operations

• Use the client stub to invoke the SOAP operations on the server

Apache is a popular web server and Tomcat is a widely used application server.

• Apache is an open-source web server that supports multiple operating systems and is known for its stability and security.

• Tomcat is a Java-based application server that is used to deploy Java web applications and supports servlets and JSPs.

• Other popular web servers include Nginx and Microsoft IIS.

• Other popular application servers include JBoss and WebSphere.

• Web servers handle HTTP requests and respon...read more

APIs for Calendly app

• Create endpoints for scheduling, cancelling, and rescheduling appointments

• Implement authentication and authorization for API access

• Include error handling and response codes for each endpoint

• Provide documentation for API usage and parameters

Angular Interceptor is a middleware that intercepts HTTP requests and responses.

• It can be used to add headers, modify requests, handle errors, and more.

• Interceptors can be global or specific to a certain request.

• Example use cases include adding authentication tokens to requests or logging responses.

• Interceptors are implemented using the HttpInterceptor interface in Angular.

CDN stands for Content Delivery Network. It is a distributed network of servers that deliver web content to users based on their geographic location.

• CDN improves website performance by reducing latency and increasing page load speed.

• CDN caches content in multiple locations, allowing users to access it from a server closest to them.

• CDN can handle high traffic loads and distribute it across multiple servers.

• Popular CDN providers include Cloudflare, Akamai, and Amazon CloudFront...read more

Application and web servers are software programs that handle requests from clients and serve web pages and applications.

• Application servers provide a platform for running applications and managing their components.

• Web servers handle HTTP requests and serve web pages to clients.

• Examples of application servers include Apache Tomcat, JBoss, and IBM WebSphere.

• Examples of web servers include Apache HTTP Server, Nginx, and Microsoft IIS.

Page life cycle is the sequence of events that occur during the lifespan of a web page.

• Page life cycle consists of several stages such as initialization, loading, rendering, and disposal.

• During initialization, the page and its controls are created and their properties are set.

• Loading involves retrieving and populating the controls with data.

• Rendering is the process of generating the HTML output to be sent to the client's browser.

• Disposal occurs when the page is no longer need...read more

Headers are pieces of information that provide details about a request or response being sent over the internet.

• Headers are added to the beginning of a request or response message.

• They contain information such as the content type, encoding, and length.

• Headers can also include authentication tokens, cookies, and caching directives.

• Examples of headers include HTTP headers like 'User-Agent' and 'Accept', and email headers like 'From' and 'Subject'.

The main key for website security is implementing strong encryption and authentication measures.

• Implement SSL/TLS encryption

• Use strong passwords and multi-factor authentication

• Regularly update software and plugins

• Implement firewalls and intrusion detection systems

• Regularly backup data and test disaster recovery plans

axios is a popular JavaScript library for making HTTP requests, and data binding is a technique used to connect data to UI elements.

• axios is a promise-based HTTP client for making requests in JavaScript

• It can be used in both browser and Node.js environments

• Data binding is a technique used to connect data from a model to UI elements in a view

• It allows for automatic synchronization of data between the model and the view

• In frameworks like Vue.js, data binding is commonly used to...read more

LWC Component for Senior Software Engineer interview

• Create a new Lightning Web Component using Salesforce CLI

• Define HTML template, JavaScript controller, and CSS styling

• Implement functionality using Apex controllers and Lightning Data Service

• Use @wire to fetch data from Salesforce backend

• Leverage Salesforce Lightning Design System for UI components

MVC Lifecycle is the sequence of events that occur in the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern.

• MVC stands for Model-View-Controller.

• The lifecycle starts with a user request.

• The controller receives the request and processes it.

• The controller updates the model with the necessary data.

• The view is then updated with the updated model data.

• The updated view is sent back to the user as a response.

Yes, I have developed RESTful web services.

• I have used frameworks like Spring Boot or Node.js to develop RESTful web services.

• I have defined the endpoints and HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for the web service.

• I have implemented the business logic and data processing in the web service.

• I have used JSON or XML as the data format for request and response payloads.

• I have handled authentication and authorization using tokens or API keys.

• I have tested the web service using ...read more

Django request response cycle is the process of handling a request and generating a response in Django web framework.

• Client sends a request to the server.

• The request is received by the Django server.

• Django uses URL patterns to match the requested URL to a view function.

• The view function processes the request and returns an HTTP response.

• The response is sent back to the client.

Front end is the part of a website or application that the user interacts with, while backend is the part that handles the behind-the-scenes functionality.

• Front end includes the user interface, design, and user experience

• Backend includes the server, database, and application logic

• Front end is responsible for displaying data and receiving user input

• Backend is responsible for processing data and generating responses

• Examples of front end technologies include HTML, CSS, and JavaS...read more

XPath syntax is used to navigate through XML documents and select elements and attributes.

• XPath expressions are written in a path-like syntax, using forward slashes to separate elements and attributes

• Predicates can be used to filter elements based on their attributes or position in the document

• Functions can be used to manipulate values or perform calculations on elements

• Examples: //bookstore/book/title selects all title elements under the bookstore element

• //bookstore/book[pri...read more

React uses virtual DOM and efficient rendering techniques to make it faster than other frameworks.

• React uses virtual DOM which reduces the number of direct DOM manipulations, making it faster.

• React uses efficient rendering techniques like shouldComponentUpdate and PureComponent to optimize rendering.

• React also has a one-way data flow which makes it easier to manage and update data, improving performance.

• React's modular architecture allows for code reuse and reduces redundancy...read more

Optimize website assets loading by minimizing file sizes, leveraging caching, and using asynchronous loading.

• Minimize file sizes by compressing images, minifying CSS and JavaScript files

• Leverage caching by setting appropriate cache headers and using a content delivery network (CDN)

• Use asynchronous loading techniques such as lazy loading, deferred loading, and async/defer attributes

• Combine and bundle multiple files to reduce the number of requests

• Optimize the order of loading ...read more

API calls are authenticated using tokens or API keys.

• Use tokens or API keys to authenticate API calls

• Implement OAuth for secure authentication

• Set up API rate limiting to prevent abuse

• Use HTTPS to encrypt data during transmission

Payment gateway is used in applications to securely process online payments from customers.

• Integrating payment gateway API into the application

• Collecting payment information from customers

• Encrypting sensitive data for secure transmission

• Processing transactions in real-time

• Receiving payment confirmation and updating order status

An autocomplete component can be designed by implementing a search functionality that suggests relevant options as the user types.

• Implement a search functionality that retrieves relevant options based on user input

• Display the suggestions in a dropdown menu below the input field

• Allow users to select an option from the dropdown or continue typing to refine the search

• Use AJAX to fetch data from a server for dynamic suggestions

• Include features like keyboard navigation and highlig...read more

Authorize filter works by granting or denying access to resources based on specified criteria.

• Authorize filter checks if the user has the necessary permissions to access a resource

• It can be configured to allow or deny access based on roles, claims, or other criteria

• Examples include role-based authorization where only users with admin role can access certain resources

I have 3 years of experience in web app development.

• 3 years of experience in developing web applications

• Proficient in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and various web development frameworks

• Experience in creating responsive and user-friendly web interfaces

• Familiarity with backend technologies like Node.js and databases like MySQL

• Worked on projects involving e-commerce platforms and content management systems

Controller is a class that handles user requests and returns appropriate response. Rest controller is a specialized controller for RESTful web services.

• Controller is a class in MVC architecture that handles user requests and interacts with the model and view.

• Rest controller is a specialized controller in Spring framework for building RESTful web services.

• Rest controller uses annotations like @RestController and @RequestMapping to define REST endpoints.

• Example: @Controller in ...read more

A controller is used for handling user requests while an API controller is used for handling API requests.

• A controller is used for rendering views while an API controller is used for returning data in JSON format.

• API controllers are usually lighter and faster than regular controllers.

• API controllers are often used for building RESTful APIs.

• Examples of API frameworks that use API controllers include Laravel and ASP.NET Core.

Struts is a framework for developing Java web applications.

• Struts is an open-source framework developed by Apache Software Foundation.

• It follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.

• Struts provides a set of reusable components and tags to simplify web application development.

• It uses XML configuration files to define the application's behavior.

• Struts supports server-side validation and internationalization.

• Example: Struts can be used to develop web application...read more

Node.js is single-threaded, but can handle multiple threads using child processes or worker threads.

• Use child processes to run multiple instances of Node.js

• Use worker threads for CPU-intensive tasks

• Leverage the cluster module to create a pool of worker processes

Domain is the address of a website, hosting is the service that stores the website's files and makes it accessible online.

• Domain is the unique address of a website on the internet, like www.example.com

• Hosting is the service that stores the website's files and data on a server, making it accessible online

• Domain registration is the process of purchasing and owning a domain name

• Web hosting providers offer different types of hosting services such as shared hosting, VPS hosting, a...read more

Passing an object in an API request body involves serializing the object into JSON or XML format.

• Serialize the object into JSON or XML format before sending it in the request body

• Use libraries like Jackson or Gson in Java to convert the object to JSON

• Set the content type of the request to application/json or application/xml