System Engineer Specialist

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20+ System Engineer Specialist Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 16 Nov 2021

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Q1. Glowing Bulbs Problem Statement

You have an infinite number of electric bulbs, each assigned a unique integer starting from 1. There are 'N' switches, each labeled with a unique prime number. When a switch labe...read more

Ans.

Given an array of prime numbers representing switches and an integer K, find the Kth glowing bulb when all switches are turned on.

  • Iterate through each prime number in the array and calculate the number of bulbs that will glow for each prime number.

  • Keep track of the total number of glowing bulbs as you iterate through the array.

  • Once the total number of glowing bulbs exceeds or equals K, calculate the Kth glowing bulb based on the last prime number that was considered.

Q2. Flip Bits Problem Explanation

Given an array of integers ARR of size N, consisting of 0s and 1s, you need to select a sub-array and flip its bits. Your task is to return the maximum count of 1s that can be obta...read more

Ans.

Given an array of 0s and 1s, find the maximum count of 1s by flipping a sub-array at most once.

  • Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum count of 1s seen so far.

  • If the current element is 0, consider flipping the sub-array from the previous 1 to the current 0.

  • Update the maximum count of 1s if flipping the sub-array results in a higher count.

  • Return the maximum count of 1s obtained after considering all possible sub-arrays.

System Engineer Specialist Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

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Q3. Rotting Oranges Problem Statement

You are given a grid containing oranges where each cell of the grid can contain one of the three integer values:

  • 0 - representing an empty cell
  • 1 - representing a fresh orange...read more
Ans.

Find minimum time to rot all fresh oranges adjacent to rotten oranges in a grid.

  • Use Breadth First Search (BFS) to simulate the rotting process

  • Keep track of the time taken to rot all fresh oranges

  • Return -1 if not all fresh oranges can be rotten

Q4. Distinct Strings With Odd and Even Swapping Allowed Problem Statement

You are provided with an array of strings, and your objective is to determine the number of unique strings within it.

A string is deemed uni...read more

Ans.

Given an array of strings, determine the number of unique strings that cannot be transformed into another string by swapping characters at odd or even indices.

  • Iterate through each string in the array and check if it can be transformed into another string by swapping characters at odd or even indices.

  • Keep track of unique strings that cannot be transformed and return the count.

  • Example: For array = ["abcd", "cbad", "bdac", "adcb"], the output is 2 as only "bdac" cannot be transf...read more

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Q5. Space Survival Game Challenge

Ninja is in space with unlimited fuel in his super spaceship. He starts with a health level H and his spaceship has an armour A. Ninja can be on only one of the three planets at a ...read more

Ans.

Determine the maximum time Ninja can survive in a space survival game challenge.

  • Create a function that takes initial health and armour as input for each test case

  • Simulate Ninja's movement between planets and update health and armour accordingly

  • Keep track of the maximum time Ninja can survive before health or armour reaches 0

Q6. Most Cost Efficient Car Problem Statement

Given the cost and operational details for both 'Petrol' and 'Diesel' cars, determine which type is more cost-efficient for a period of exactly 6 months. Output an inte...read more

Ans.

Determine the most cost-efficient car (Petrol or Diesel) for a 6-month period based on given details.

  • Calculate total cost for 6 months for both Petrol and Diesel cars

  • Compare the total costs to determine which option is more cost-efficient

  • Output '0' for Petrol, '1' for Diesel, or '-1' if both are equally efficient

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Q7. Constellation Identification Problem

Given a matrix named UNIVERSE with 3 rows and 'N' columns, filled with characters {#, *, .}, where:

  • '*' represents stars.
  • '.' represents empty space.
  • '#' represents a separ...read more
Ans.

Identify constellations shaped like vowels within a matrix filled with characters {#, *, .}.

  • Iterate through the matrix to find 3x3 matrices that form the shape of vowels.

  • Check for vowels 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U' in the 3x3 matrices.

  • Print the vowels found in each galaxy separated by '#'.

Q8. Ways To Make Coin Change

Given an infinite supply of coins of varying denominations, determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using these coins. If it's not possible to make the c...read more

Ans.

The task is to determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using given denominations of coins.

  • Create a dynamic programming table to store the number of ways to make change for each value up to the target value.

  • Iterate through each denomination and update the table accordingly based on the current denomination.

  • The final value in the table will represent the total number of ways to make change for the specified value.

  • Consider edge cases such as when ...read more

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Q9. Word Break II Problem Statement

Given a non-empty string 'S' containing no spaces and a dictionary of non-empty strings, generate and return all possible sentences by adding spaces in the string 'S', such that ...read more

Ans.

The problem involves generating all possible sentences by adding spaces to a given string using words from a dictionary.

  • Use backtracking to generate all possible combinations of words from the dictionary to form sentences.

  • Recursively try adding each word from the dictionary to the current sentence until the entire string is formed.

  • Check if the current word is a prefix of the remaining string to optimize the backtracking process.

  • Handle edge cases like empty input string or dic...read more

Q10. Reset Matrix Problem Statement

Given a 2D array ARR with 'N' rows and 'M' columns, where each element is either 0 or 1, your task is to transform this matrix into a 'Good' matrix. A 'Good' matrix is one in whic...read more

Ans.

Transform a 2D array into a 'Good' matrix by setting rows and columns to 0 if a 0 is found.

  • Iterate through the matrix to find 0s

  • For each 0 found, set all elements in its row and column to 0

  • Update the input matrix accordingly

Q11. Prime Time Again Problem Statement

You are given two integers DAY_HOURS and PARTS. Consider a day with DAY_HOURS hours, which can be divided into PARTS equal parts. Your task is to determine the total instances...read more

Ans.

Calculate total instances of equivalent prime groups in a day divided into equal parts.

  • Divide the day into equal parts and find prime numbers in each part.

  • Identify prime groups with prime numbers at the same position in different parts.

  • Count the total instances of equivalent prime groups.

  • Ensure DAY_HOURS is divisible by PARTS and handle constraints.

  • Return the number of equivalent prime groups for each test case.

Q12. Print Diagonal Elements of a 2D Matrix

Given a 2D matrix, your task is to create and return a 2D vector that contains all elements of the matrix arranged in a diagonal fashion.

Input:

The first line contains an...read more
Ans.

The task is to create and return a 2D vector containing diagonal elements of a given 2D matrix.

  • Iterate through the matrix diagonally to extract elements

  • Store the elements in a 2D vector in the required order

  • Handle cases where the matrix is not square by adjusting the diagonal traversal

Q13. Rat in a Maze Problem Statement

You need to determine all possible paths for a rat starting at position (0, 0) in a square maze to reach its destination at (N-1, N-1). The maze is represented as an N*N matrix w...read more

Ans.

Find all possible paths for a rat in a maze from start to finish.

  • Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

  • Keep track of visited cells to avoid loops.

  • Return all valid paths sorted in alphabetical order.

Frequently asked in,

Q14. Ninja Technique Problem Statement

Implement a function that determines whether a given numeric string contains any substring whose integer value equals the product of two consecutive integers. The function shou...read more

Ans.

Implement a function to determine if a numeric string contains a substring whose value equals the product of two consecutive integers.

  • Iterate through all possible substrings of the input string.

  • Calculate the integer value of each substring and check if it equals the product of two consecutive integers.

  • Return 'True' if such a substring is found, otherwise return 'False'.

Q15. Rearrange the Array Problem Statement

You are given an array/list NUM of integers. Your task is to rearrange the elements of NUM such that no two adjacent elements are the same, or determine if it is not possib...read more

Ans.

The task is to rearrange an array such that no two adjacent elements are the same.

  • Iterate through the array and check if any adjacent elements are the same

  • If adjacent elements are the same, swap one of them with a different element

  • Repeat the process until all adjacent elements are different

Q16. Shortest Path in an Unweighted Graph

The city of Ninjaland is represented as an unweighted graph with houses and roads. There are 'N' houses numbered 1 to 'N', connected by 'M' bidirectional roads. A road conne...read more

Ans.

The task is to find the shortest path from a starting house to a destination house in an unweighted graph representing a city.

  • Implement a function to find the shortest path from house 'S' to house 'T' in an unweighted graph.

  • Use a graph traversal algorithm like Breadth First Search (BFS) to find the shortest path.

  • Return a list of house numbers indicating the shortest path from 'S' to 'T'.

  • Check if the output path is valid and return 'Correct' if valid, otherwise 'Incorrect'.

Q17. MergeSort Linked List Problem Statement

Sort a given singly linked list of integers using the 'Merge Sort' algorithm.

Input:

The first and only line of input contains the elements of the linked list separated b...read more
Ans.

MergeSort algorithm is used to sort a singly linked list of integers in ascending order.

  • Implement the MergeSort algorithm to recursively divide the linked list into two halves, sort them, and then merge them back together.

  • Use a slow and fast pointer technique to find the middle of the linked list for splitting.

  • Ensure to handle the base cases of empty list or single node list.

  • Example: For input '10 3 5 -1', the output should be '3 5 10'.

Q18. M-Coloring Problem Statement

Given an undirected graph as an adjacency matrix and an integer M, determine whether you can color the vertices of the graph using at most M colors such that no two adjacent vertice...read more

Ans.

The M-Coloring problem involves coloring the vertices of a graph using at most M colors such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color.

  • Check if the graph can be colored using at most M colors without adjacent vertices sharing the same color.

  • Use backtracking or graph coloring algorithms to solve the problem efficiently.

  • Ensure that the number of colors used is less than or equal to M.

  • Consider constraints such as the number of test cases, vertices, and colors.

  • Provide a ...read more

Q19. Palindrome Partitioning Problem Statement

You are given a string S. Your task is to partition S such that every substring of the partition is a palindrome. Your objective is to return all possible palindrome pa...read more

Ans.

Partition a string into palindromes

  • Use backtracking to generate all possible palindrome partitions

  • Check if each substring is a palindrome before adding to the partition

  • Return all valid partitions as an array of strings

Q20. Write a program to check if a number is a palindrome or not.

Ans.

Program to check if a number is a palindrome or not.

  • Convert the number to a string

  • Reverse the string

  • Compare the reversed string with the original string

  • If they are the same, the number is a palindrome

Q21. Find the sum of all the even numbers in an array

Ans.

Sum of even numbers in an array

  • Loop through the array and check if each element is even

  • If even, add it to a running sum

  • Return the sum

Q22. What are NOSQL databases?

Ans.

NOSQL databases are non-relational databases that store and retrieve data in a flexible and scalable manner.

  • NOSQL stands for 'Not Only SQL'

  • They are designed to handle large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data

  • They offer high scalability and availability

  • Examples include MongoDB, Cassandra, and Couchbase

Q23. What are ACID properties?

Ans.

ACID properties are a set of properties that ensure database transactions are processed reliably.

  • ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

  • Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work.

  • Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another.

  • Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other.

  • Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, it ...read more

Q24. Thrashing in OS?

Ans.

Thrashing is a phenomenon in OS where excessive paging occurs, leading to a decrease in system performance.

  • Occurs when the system is overcommitted with too many processes or tasks

  • Causes excessive swapping of pages between RAM and disk

  • Can be resolved by adding more RAM or reducing the number of processes

  • Can be identified by monitoring page fault rates

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