60+ Staff Nurse Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Pre-operative care includes preparing the patient physically and mentally for the upcoming procedure.

• Assessing the patient's medical history and current health status

• Ensuring the patient has fasted for the appropriate amount of time

• Administering pre-operative medications as ordered by the physician

• Explaining the procedure and answering any questions the patient may have

• Ensuring the patient has signed the necessary consent forms

• Preparing the surgical site by cleaning and steri...read more

Normal range of sodium in blood is 135-145 mEq/L.

• Sodium is an electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance in the body.

• Abnormal levels can indicate dehydration, kidney problems, or hormonal imbalances.

• Low sodium levels (hyponatremia) can cause symptoms like headache, nausea, and confusion.

• High sodium levels (hypernatremia) can cause symptoms like thirst, dry mouth, and muscle weakness.

The normal range of electrolytes varies depending on the specific electrolyte being measured.

• Electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

• The normal range for sodium is 135-145 mEq/L.

• The normal range for potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.

• The normal range for calcium is 8.5-10.5 mg/dL.

• The normal range for magnesium is 1.5-2.5 mEq/L.

• The normal range for chloride is 98-106 mEq/L.

• The normal range for bicarbonate is 22-28 mEq/L.

• These ranges may va...read more

Hypotension is low blood pressure. Normal range is 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg.

• Hypotension is when the blood pressure is lower than normal

• Symptoms include dizziness, fainting, and fatigue

• Causes include dehydration, medication side effects, and heart problems

• Normal range is 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg

Heart block is a condition where the electrical signals that control the heartbeat are delayed or blocked.

• There are three types of heart block: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree

• First-degree heart block is the mildest form and usually does not require treatment

• Second-degree heart block can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, and chest pain

• Third-degree heart block is the most severe form and can be life-threatening, requiring immediate medical attention

A pediatric cannula tray set typically includes various equipment for pediatric cannulation procedures.

• Pediatric cannula tray sets usually include a range of cannulas in different sizes.

• They may also contain syringes and needles for medication administration.

• Other equipment commonly found in pediatric cannula tray sets include IV catheters, extension sets, and IV start kits.

• Additional items may include alcohol swabs, adhesive dressings, and gloves for infection control.

• Some t...read more

The normal range of pH in the body is 7.35-7.45 and the normal oxygen level is 95-100%.

• Normal pH range in the body is 7.35-7.45

• Normal oxygen level is 95-100%

• pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

• Oxygen level is measured using pulse oximetry

• Abnormal pH or oxygen levels can indicate health issues

Different types of insulin are used for diabetes management and can be administered at various sites.

• Rapid-acting insulin: injected before meals, given in abdomen, upper arm, thigh

• Short-acting insulin: injected before meals, given in abdomen, upper arm, thigh

• Intermediate-acting insulin: injected twice daily, given in abdomen, upper arm, thigh

• Long-acting insulin: injected once or twice daily, given in abdomen, upper arm, thigh

• Ultra-long-acting insulin: injected once daily, giv...read more

MI stands for Myocardial Infarction, which is a medical emergency caused by the blockage of blood flow to the heart.

• MI is also known as a heart attack.

• It occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot.

• Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and sweating.

• Immediate medical attention is required to prevent further damage to the heart.

• Treatment may include medications, procedures to open blocked arteries, and lifestyle changes to p...read more

SGPT stands for Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase and SGOT stands for Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase.

• SGPT and SGOT are liver enzymes that are measured in blood tests.

• They are used to assess liver function and diagnose liver diseases.

• Elevated levels of SGPT and SGOT may indicate liver damage or disease.

• Common causes of elevated levels include hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and certain medications.

• Monitoring SGPT and SGOT levels can help in the management and treatment of...read more

The human body has 206 bones.

• Adults have 206 bones while infants have around 300 bones which fuse together as they grow.

• The smallest bone in the human body is the stapes bone in the ear.

• The largest bone in the human body is the femur or thigh bone.

• Bones provide support, protect organs, store minerals, and produce blood cells.

Blood samples are taken by inserting a needle into a vein and drawing out the required amount of blood.

• Identify the appropriate vein to draw blood from

• Clean the area with an antiseptic solution

• Insert the needle into the vein and draw out the required amount of blood

• Remove the needle and apply pressure to the site to stop bleeding

• Label the sample correctly and send it to the lab for testing

Normal platelet level ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.

• Normal platelet count is essential for blood clotting.

• Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) can lead to excessive bleeding.

• High platelet count (thrombocytosis) can increase the risk of blood clots.

• Platelet levels can vary depending on age, gender, and health conditions.

• Normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.

Hyperglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is higher than normal.

• It is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus.

• Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and blurred vision.

• If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis.

• Treatment involves managing blood sugar levels through medication, diet, and exercise.

Inphlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, usually caused by a blood clot or an IV catheter.

• Inphlebitis can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area.

• It can occur in both superficial and deep veins.

• Treatment may include medications to dissolve the clot, compression stockings, and rest.

• Prevention measures include proper insertion and care of IV catheters and avoiding prolonged sitting or standing.

• Examples of risk factors for inphlebitis include obesity, smoking, a...read more

IM injection is a method of administering medication into the muscle tissue. There are various sites for IM injection depending on the medication and patient's age.

• IM injection is a common method of administering medication into the muscle tissue

• The sites for IM injection include deltoid muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, and gluteus maximus muscle

• The choice of site depends on the medication being administered and the patient's age and condition

• The deltoid muscle is commonly us...read more

Bradycardia is a slow heart rate and tachycardia is a fast heart rate.

• Bradycardia is when the heart beats less than 60 times per minute.

• Tachycardia is when the heart beats more than 100 times per minute.

• Both can be caused by various factors such as heart disease, medication, or stress.

• Bradycardia can cause dizziness, fatigue, and fainting while tachycardia can cause palpitations, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

• Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include med...read more

Normal range of bilirubin level is 0.3-1.2 mg/dL.

• Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.

• It is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood.

• Elevated levels of bilirubin can indicate liver or gallbladder problems.

• Normal range for adults is 0.3-1.2 mg/dL.

• Newborns may have higher levels up to 12 mg/dL.

The 12 cranial nerves are a set of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and control various functions of the head and neck.

• The 12 cranial nerves are: olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal.

• Each nerve has a specific function, such as the olfactory nerve for sense of smell, the optic nerve for vision, and the facial nerve for facial expressions.

• Damage to these nerves can...read more

Labour is the process of childbirth, where the uterus contracts and the cervix dilates to allow the baby to be born.

• Labour is the final stage of pregnancy

• It involves the uterus contracting to push the baby out

• The cervix dilates to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal

• Labour can be divided into three stages: early, active, and transitional

• Pain relief options are available to help manage the discomfort of labour

Normal fetal heart rate ranges from 110 to 160 beats per minute.

• Normal fetal heart rate is an important indicator of fetal well-being.

• It is measured using a Doppler device or electronic fetal monitor.

• The range of normal fetal heart rate is typically between 110 and 160 beats per minute.

• A heart rate below 110 or above 160 may indicate fetal distress or other complications.

• Factors such as gestational age, maternal activity, and fetal sleep cycles can influence the heart rate.

• Mo...read more

Hemoglobin level is the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, which carries oxygen to the body's tissues.

• Hemoglobin level is measured through a blood test

• Normal range for men is 13.5-17.5 g/dL and for women is 12.0-15.5 g/dL

• Low hemoglobin levels can indicate anemia or other health conditions

Emergency drugs are medications used to treat life-threatening conditions or emergencies.

• Emergency drugs are administered to stabilize a patient's condition until further medical intervention can be provided.

• Common emergency drugs include epinephrine, naloxone, atropine, and adenosine.

• Epinephrine is used to treat severe allergic reactions and cardiac arrest.

• Naloxone is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose.

• Atropine is used to treat bradycardia and certain types of po...read more

Normal blood sugar levels range from 70-99 mg/dL when fasting and up to 140 mg/dL after eating.

• Fasting blood sugar levels should be between 70-99 mg/dL

• Postprandial (after eating) blood sugar levels should be below 140 mg/dL

• Blood sugar levels can vary depending on age, health, and other factors

• High blood sugar levels can indicate diabetes or other health issues

The range of hypertension is typically defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher.

• Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure.

• It is a common condition that can lead to serious health problems if left untreated.

• The range of hypertension is typically defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher.

• There are different stages of hypertensi...read more

Normal saturation rate is the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood.

• Normal saturation rate is typically between 95% and 100%.

• It measures the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood.

• A saturation rate below 90% is considered low and may indicate hypoxemia.

• Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can cause lower saturation rates.

• Pulse oximeters are commonly used to measure saturation levels.

Heart attack is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.

• Heart attack is also known as myocardial infarction.

• It is usually caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the heart.

• Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and sweating.

• Immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent further damage to the heart.

• Treatment may include medications, procedures to open blocked ...read more

The expected date of delivery can be calculated using the Naegele's rule, which involves adding 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period and counting back 3 months.

• Calculate the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP)

• Add 7 days to the LMP

• Count back 3 months from the result to get the expected due date

• Consider using ultrasound measurements for more accurate estimation

Normal vital signs include blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg, pulse rate of 60-100 beats per minute, respiration rate of 12-20 breaths per minute, and temperature of 98.6°F (37°C).

• Normal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg

• Normal pulse rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute

• Normal respiration rate is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute

• Normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C)

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries.

• Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

• It consists of two numbers - systolic pressure (top number) and diastolic pressure (bottom number)

• Normal blood pressure is considered to be around 120/80 mmHg

• High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to serious health problems like heart attack and stroke

• Low blood pressure (hypotension) can cause dizziness and fainting

The sites of pulse are locations on the body where the pulse can be felt.

• Common sites of pulse include the radial artery in the wrist, the carotid artery in the neck, the brachial artery in the elbow, the femoral artery in the groin, and the dorsalis pedis artery in the foot.

• Pulse can also be felt at other locations such as the temporal artery in the temple, the popliteal artery behind the knee, and the posterior tibial artery behind the ankle.

• The strength and rhythm of the p...read more

Types of postnatal exercise include pelvic floor exercises, gentle yoga, walking, swimming, and postnatal Pilates.

• Pelvic floor exercises help strengthen the muscles that support the pelvic organs.

• Gentle yoga can help improve flexibility and reduce stress.

• Walking is a low-impact exercise that can be easily incorporated into a postnatal routine.

• Swimming is a great way to exercise the whole body without putting too much strain on joints.

• Postnatal Pilates focuses on core strength...read more

Hyperkalemia is a condition where there is an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood.

• Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, heart palpitations, and even cardiac arrest.

• It can be caused by kidney disease, certain medications, or excessive intake of potassium-rich foods.

• Treatment may include medications to lower potassium levels, dialysis, or dietary changes.

• Regular monitoring of potassium levels is important for those at risk of hyperkalemia.

Hypokalaemia is a medical condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood.

• It can cause muscle weakness, cramping, and irregular heartbeat.

• It can be caused by certain medications, kidney disease, or excessive sweating.

• Treatment may involve potassium supplements or addressing the underlying cause.

• Severe cases may require hospitalization and intravenous potassium.

• Regular monitoring of potassium levels is important for those at risk.

Communicable diseases are infections that can be spread from person to person, while non-communicable diseases are not contagious. Site of injection refers to the location on the body where a medication or vaccine is administered.

• Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Examples include influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19.

• Non-communicable diseases are chronic conditions that are not caused by infectious agents. Examples ...read more

Hypoglycemia is a condition where blood sugar levels drop below normal range.

• It is commonly seen in people with diabetes who take insulin or other medications to lower blood sugar levels.

• Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, dizziness, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness.

• Treatment involves consuming foods or drinks high in sugar, such as fruit juice or candy, to raise blood sugar levels.

• Prevention includes regular monitoring of blood sugar levels...read more

PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment.

• PPE is a set of protective garments, equipment, and accessories used to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious materials.

• It includes items such as gloves, masks, gowns, goggles, and face shields.

• PPE is essential in preventing the transmission of diseases and maintaining the safety of healthcare professionals and patients.

• Examples of PPE include N95 respirators for respiratory protection, disposable gloves for hand p...read more

Iv cannulation is the process of inserting a tube into a vein to administer medication or fluids. Burns are classified into different types based on their severity.

• There are different types of IV cannulas such as butterfly, over-the-needle, and through-the-needle.

• First-degree burns only affect the outer layer of skin, while third-degree burns penetrate through all layers of skin and can damage muscles and bones.

• Second-degree burns are more severe than first-degree burns and c...read more

Dettol is a brand of antiseptic disinfectant used for cleaning wounds and surfaces to prevent infection.

• Dettol is commonly used to clean cuts, scrapes, and burns to prevent infection.

• It can also be used to disinfect surfaces such as countertops, floors, and bathroom fixtures.

• Dettol contains various active ingredients like chloroxylenol and pine oil that have antimicrobial properties.

• The brand offers different products like liquid antiseptic, hand sanitizers, and surface disin...read more

Preventing anemia involves ensuring adequate iron intake, consuming foods rich in iron, and managing underlying health conditions.

• Encourage a diet rich in iron, such as red meat, poultry, fish, beans, and dark leafy greens.

• Consider iron supplements if necessary, under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

• Treat underlying conditions that may contribute to anemia, such as gastrointestinal bleeding or chronic kidney disease.

• Educate patients on the importance of regular blood te...read more

The sites of intradermal injections are typically on the inner forearm or upper back.

• Common sites for intradermal injections include the inner forearm and upper back

• The inner forearm is often used for TB skin tests

• The upper back is commonly used for allergy testing

Assessing a patient involves gathering information about their current condition and medical history.

• Start by introducing yourself and explaining the purpose of the assessment

• Observe the patient's physical appearance and behavior

• Take vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature

• Ask the patient about their symptoms and medical history

• Perform a physical examination of the patient's body

• Use diagnostic tests such as blood tests or imaging scans if necessary

• Docum...read more

Routes of medicine administration include oral, topical, inhalation, injection, and rectal.

• Oral - medication taken by mouth

• Topical - medication applied to the skin

• Inhalation - medication inhaled into the lungs

• Injection - medication administered through a needle into the body

• Rectal - medication inserted into the rectum

• Examples: Oral - tablets, capsules; Topical - creams, ointments; Inhalation - inhalers; Injection - intramuscular, intravenous; Rectal - suppositories

Common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.

• Fever

• Cough

• Shortness of breath

• Fatigue

• Muscle or body aches

• Headache

• Sore throat

• Loss of taste or smell

• Congestion or runny nose

• Nausea or vomiting

• Diarrhea

Patients have the right to receive quality care and be treated with respect and dignity. IM injection sites include deltoid, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus.

• Patients have the right to informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, and access to their medical records.

• Patients have the right to refuse treatment and to be involved in their care plan.

• IM injection sites include the deltoid muscle in the upper arm, the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh, and the gluteus maximu...read more

Cannulation is a medical procedure where a tube is inserted into a vein or artery to administer medication or fluids.

• Ensure proper hand hygiene before starting the procedure

• Select appropriate size and type of cannula based on patient's condition

• Clean the insertion site with antiseptic solution

• Use a tourniquet to make the veins more visible and easier to access

• Secure the cannula in place with tape or a dressing

• Monitor the site for signs of infection or complications

CAUTI stands for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, VAP stands for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, and SSI stands for Surgical Site Infection.

• CAUTI is an infection that occurs in the urinary tract due to the use of a catheter.

• VAP is a type of pneumonia that occurs in patients who are on mechanical ventilation.

• SSI is an infection that occurs at the site of a surgical incision.