Software Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Exception handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes.

• There are two types of exceptions: checked and unchecked.

• Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time and must be handled or declared.

• Unchecked exceptions are runtime exceptions and do not need to be handled or declared.

• We can handle exceptions using try-catch blocks.

• We can also use finally block to execute code regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not.

Copy a binary tree with a friend node linking to a random node.

• Create a new node for each node in the original tree

• Copy the value of the original node to the new node

• Link the new node to the corresponding node in the new tree

• Generate a random number to select a random node in the new tree

• Link the friend node of each node in the new tree to the randomly selected node

Count the number of connected 1s in a 0/1 matrix.

• Traverse the matrix and for each 1 encountered, perform a depth-first search to find all connected 1s.

• Mark the visited 1s to avoid revisiting them.

• Increment the count of areas for each new group of connected 1s found.

• Return the total count of areas.

• Consider edge cases like empty matrix, matrix with all 0s, or matrix with all 1s.

React components can have states and props to manage data and communication between components.

• States are used to manage data that can change over time within a component.

• Props are used to pass data from parent components to child components.

• States are mutable and can be changed using setState() method.

• Props are read-only and cannot be changed by the child component.

• Example: where 'name' is a prop passed to MyComponent.

Python provides built-in sorting functions for lists and supports linked lists. For loops are used for iteration.

• Python's built-in sorting functions include sorted() and sort()

• Linked lists can be implemented using the LinkedList class in the collections module

• For loops are used for iteration over lists, dictionaries, and other iterable objects

An LCR circuit is a circuit that contains inductors (L), capacitors (C), and resistors (R) connected in series or parallel.

• An LCR circuit can exhibit resonance at a certain frequency where the impedance is minimized.

• The behavior of an LCR circuit can be described using complex numbers and phasors.

• Examples of LCR circuits include band-pass filters, oscillators, and impedance matching networks.

Use a loop to check if a number is divisible by any number other than 1 and itself.

• Iterate through numbers from 2 to n-1

• Check if n is divisible by any number in the range

• If not divisible, n is a prime number