20+ Senior Engineering Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Display 25 nodes in a single page with sections divided into 5 nodes each

• Create a grid layout with 5 columns and 5 rows

• Assign each node to a specific cell in the grid

• Use pagination or scroll functionality to navigate through the nodes

• Include navigation buttons for easy access to different sections

Offloading latency issues in APIs can enhance performance by decoupling non-essential processes.

• Implement asynchronous processing: Use message queues (e.g., RabbitMQ, Kafka) to handle slow tasks in the background.

• Use caching: Store results of slow operations (e.g., Redis) to avoid repeated processing.

• Introduce feature flags: Allow non-essential features to be toggled off during high load.

• Rate limiting: Control the number of requests to slow segments to prevent bottlenecks.

• Mic...read more

To export a service from one module to another, you can use dependency injection or module.exports in Node.js.

• Use dependency injection to pass the service instance from one module to another

• Use module.exports in Node.js to export the service as a module and require it in the other module

Design patterns in C# are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Some common design patterns in C# include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy.

• Design patterns help in creating maintainable and scalable code by providing proven solutions to common design problems.

• For example, the Singleton pattern ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

Use input validation, output encoding, and proper escaping to prevent XSS attacks.

• Sanitize user input by validating and filtering all input data.

• Encode output data to prevent malicious scripts from being executed.

• Escape special characters in user input before displaying it on the website.

• Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) to restrict the sources of content that can be loaded on your website.

Database optimization involves improving the performance of a database system by reducing response time and resource consumption.

• Identify and eliminate redundant data

• Index frequently queried columns

• Normalize database schema

• Optimize queries by using appropriate joins and filters

• Use caching mechanisms to reduce database load

SOLID principles are a set of five design principles in object-oriented programming to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the func...read more

Various equipments and sensors are used depending on the project requirements.

• Equipment: XYZ model for data collection

• Sensors: Temperature, pressure, motion sensors

• Examples: XYZ equipment with ABC sensor

Our current project architecture follows a microservices approach.

• We use Docker containers to deploy and manage our microservices.

• We have implemented service discovery using Consul.

• We use Kubernetes for orchestration and scaling.

• We have a centralized logging system using ELK stack.

• We use Prometheus for monitoring and alerting.

• We have implemented a CI/CD pipeline using Jenkins.

• We follow the 12-factor app methodology for building and deploying our microservices.

Binary search algorithm efficiently finds the target value in a sorted array.

• Divide the array in half and compare the target value with the middle element.

• If the target value is smaller, search the left half. If larger, search the right half.

• Repeat the process until the target value is found or the subarray is empty.

The question covers topics related to object-oriented programming, SQL joins, and previous projects.

• Demonstrate understanding of object-oriented programming principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• Explain how SQL joins work and demonstrate ability to write complex join queries

• Discuss previous projects worked on, highlighting key achievements and challenges faced

The size of the autoclave chamber varies depending on the model and purpose of use.

• Autoclave chamber sizes can range from small tabletop units to large industrial units.

• Common sizes include 20L, 50L, 100L, and 200L chambers.

• The size of the chamber determines the capacity for sterilizing equipment and materials.

• Consider the size of the items to be sterilized when selecting an autoclave with an appropriate chamber size.

AHU stands for Air Handling Unit, used to regulate and circulate air in HVAC systems.

• AHUs are used in HVAC systems to regulate and circulate air throughout a building.

• They typically consist of a blower, heating or cooling elements, filters, and dampers.

• AHUs can be used in various settings such as commercial buildings, hospitals, and industrial facilities.

• Regular maintenance of AHUs is important to ensure efficient operation and indoor air quality.

Creating a model of equipment involves understanding its components, functions, and interactions.

• Identify the key components of the equipment

• Understand the functions and purposes of each component

• Consider the interactions between components

• Use appropriate modeling techniques such as CAD or 3D printing

• Ensure accuracy and precision in the model

Apache Joins js performance

• Apache joins are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column between them

• Joins in Apache Spark can be performed using functions like join(), crossJoin(), etc.

• Optimizing performance in Apache Spark involves tuning parameters like partitioning, caching, and parallelism

RE Framework is a Robotic Enterprise Framework used in UiPath for building scalable and reusable automation projects.

• RE Framework provides a template for structuring automation projects with best practices.

• It includes components like Config, Init, Process, End, and Exception handling.

• RE Framework promotes reusability, scalability, and maintainability of automation projects.

• It uses state machines to manage the flow of automation processes.

• Example: Using RE Framework, you can e...read more

Creating a Jenkins pipeline involves defining stages, steps, and using plugins for CI/CD automation.

• Define the pipeline in a Jenkinsfile using Groovy syntax.

• Use stages to organize the pipeline into distinct phases (e.g., build, test, deploy).

• In each stage, define steps that execute commands or scripts (e.g., 'sh ' for shell commands).

• Utilize plugins for additional functionality, such as 'git' for source control integration.

• Example: A simple pipeline might include stages for b...read more

A database is an organized collection of data, typically stored and accessed electronically for efficient retrieval and management.

• Databases can be relational (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) or non-relational (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra).

• They use structured query language (SQL) for managing and querying data in relational databases.

• Databases support data integrity, security, and concurrent access by multiple users.

• Examples of use include customer relationship management (CRM) systems...read more

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard programming language for managing and manipulating relational databases.

• SQL is used to perform tasks such as querying data, updating records, and managing database structures.

• Common SQL commands include SELECT (to retrieve data), INSERT (to add data), UPDATE (to modify data), and DELETE (to remove data).

• SQL supports various data types, including INTEGER, VARCHAR, DATE, and BOOLEAN.

• SQL can be used with different database systems li...read more

Azure is a cloud computing platform by Microsoft.

• Azure offers a wide range of services such as virtual machines, databases, AI, and IoT.

• It provides scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness for businesses.

• Azure has data centers located worldwide for global reach and compliance.

• Popular Azure services include Azure Virtual Machines, Azure SQL Database, and Azure Cognitive Services.

Design a comprehensive application for managing COVID-19 vaccination processes and records.

• User Authentication: Secure login for users, healthcare providers, and administrators.

• Vaccination Registration: Allow users to register for vaccination slots based on location and availability.

• Appointment Management: Users can book, reschedule, or cancel vaccination appointments.

• Record Keeping: Maintain digital vaccination records for users, accessible by healthcare providers.

• Notificati...read more

Using webAPI to retrieve responses

• Utilize RESTful APIs to interact with web services

• Implement HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

• Handle authentication and authorization for secure access

Inheritance in OOP allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Inheritance promotes code reusability

• Base class is also known as parent class or super class

• Derived class is also known as child class or sub class

• Derived class can access all public and protected members of base class

• Example: class Car extends Vehicle