Senior Devops Engineer
100+ Senior Devops Engineer Interview Questions and Answers
Q51. Tell us about the DevOps pipeline design and solutions approach.
DevOps pipeline design involves creating a streamlined process for continuous integration and delivery of software.
Identify the needs and goals of the organization
Select appropriate tools and technologies for automation
Design a workflow that includes build, test, deploy, and monitoring stages
Implement version control and code review processes
Integrate security and compliance measures
Continuously optimize and improve the pipeline
Q52. What is docker used for and how integration happened to cicd before docker
Docker is used for containerization of applications, allowing for easy deployment and scaling. Before Docker, CI/CD integration was more complex and less efficient.
Docker is used to create lightweight, portable, self-sufficient containers that can run applications in any environment.
Before Docker, CI/CD pipelines often relied on virtual machines or manual configurations for deployment and testing.
Docker simplifies the process of packaging applications and their dependencies, ...read more
Q53. How will you migrate on-premise infrastructure to a public cloud?
Migrating on-premise infrastructure to a public cloud involves careful planning and execution.
Assess current on-premise infrastructure and identify workloads to be migrated
Choose a suitable public cloud provider based on requirements and budget
Create a migration plan including timelines, resources, and potential risks
Implement necessary changes such as network configurations, security settings, and data migration
Test the migrated workloads thoroughly before fully transitionin...read more
Q54. How would you safeguard the data and services?
To safeguard data and services, I would implement encryption, access controls, regular backups, and monitoring.
Implement encryption for data at rest and in transit
Set up access controls to restrict unauthorized access
Regularly backup data to prevent data loss
Implement monitoring and alerting to detect and respond to security incidents
Q55. How do you list all the files held by a process
Use the lsof command to list all files held by a process
Use the lsof command followed by the -p flag and the process ID to list files held by a specific process
For example, to list all files held by process ID 1234, run: lsof -p 1234
You can also use the -c flag to specify a process name instead of ID, like: lsof -c chrome
Q56. Add mount points automatically when system restarted Terraform state file storing so that it can accessible by other developers
Automate the process of adding mount points on system restart and store Terraform state file for accessibility by other developers.
Use a configuration management tool like Ansible to automatically add mount points on system restart.
Utilize cloud storage services like AWS S3 or Azure Blob Storage to store Terraform state file for easy access by other developers.
Implement scripts or automation workflows to handle the mounting of storage volumes and managing Terraform state file...read more
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Q57. Data Load increase in ELK? how to handle?
To handle increased data load in ELK, consider scaling up hardware, optimizing queries, using index sharding, and implementing data retention policies.
Scale up hardware resources such as CPU, memory, and storage to handle increased data load.
Optimize queries to reduce the amount of data being processed and improve search performance.
Implement index sharding to distribute data across multiple nodes for better performance and scalability.
Set up data retention policies to automa...read more
Q58. What is snapshot in Maven?
Snapshot in Maven is a version of a project that is still in development and not yet released.
Snapshots are versions of a project that are still in development and not yet released.
They are identified by the suffix '-SNAPSHOT' in the version number.
Snapshots can be deployed to a Maven repository for sharing with other developers for testing purposes.
They are not intended for production use as they are subject to frequent changes.
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Q59. How to identify the master switch in Exadata?
The master switch in Exadata can be identified by checking the status of the cell server software.
Check the status of the cell server software using the 'cellcli' command
The cell server with the 'MS' role is the master switch
The master switch can also be identified by checking the 'cellinit.ora' file
Q60. What is spine switch & leaf switch in exadata?
Spine switch and leaf switch are networking components in Exadata used for connecting database servers and storage servers.
Spine switch acts as the core of the network, connecting all leaf switches and providing high-speed connectivity.
Leaf switches connect database servers and storage servers to the spine switch, facilitating communication between them.
Exadata uses a leaf-spine network architecture for efficient data transfer and scalability.
Spine switches typically have hig...read more
Q61. What is LVM?? In servers
LVM stands for Logical Volume Manager and is a tool used for managing disk storage in Linux servers.
LVM allows for dynamic resizing of logical volumes without downtime.
It provides features like snapshots, striping, mirroring, and thin provisioning.
LVM is commonly used in server environments to manage storage efficiently.
Example: Creating a new logical volume, resizing an existing logical volume.
Q62. Write the k8s deployment ymal with rolling update for given docker image
Create a k8s deployment ymal with rolling update for a given docker image
Define a Deployment object in the YAML file
Specify the container image in the spec section
Set the update strategy to RollingUpdate
Define the number of replicas for the deployment
Q63. How to setup infra through terraform in aws
To setup infra through terraform in AWS, follow these steps:
Create an AWS account and configure AWS CLI
Write Terraform code to define infrastructure resources
Initialize Terraform and create an execution plan
Apply the execution plan to create the infrastructure
Verify the infrastructure is created as expected
Q64. What is Git and what is ansiblr
Git is a distributed version control system used for tracking changes in source code. Ansible is an open-source automation tool.
Git is used for version control, allowing multiple developers to collaborate on a project
Git tracks changes to files and allows for easy branching and merging
Ansible is a configuration management and automation tool
Ansible uses a declarative language to define system configurations and tasks
Ansible can be used to automate the deployment and managemen...read more
Q65. have you managed such devops infra before
Yes, I have managed devops infra in my previous roles.
I have experience managing infrastructure using tools like Ansible, Terraform, and Kubernetes.
I have also worked on building CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins and GitLab.
In my previous role, I managed a large-scale AWS infrastructure for a SaaS product.
I have experience with monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana.
I have also worked on implementing security best practices in the infrastructure.
Q66. Ingress and how sidecar container works ?
Ingress is a Kubernetes resource that manages external access to services, and a sidecar container is a secondary container that runs alongside the main container in a pod.
Ingress is a Kubernetes resource that acts as an API gateway for incoming traffic to services within the cluster.
Ingress controllers are responsible for implementing the rules specified in the Ingress resource.
Sidecar containers are additional containers within a pod that provide supporting features such as...read more
Q67. What is the difference between CentOS/RHEL 6 & 7?
CentOS/RHEL 6 & 7 differ in kernel version, package management, systemd, and support lifecycle.
Kernel version: CentOS/RHEL 6 uses kernel version 2.6.x while CentOS/RHEL 7 uses kernel version 3.x.
Package management: CentOS/RHEL 6 uses yum for package management, while CentOS/RHEL 7 uses yum and dnf.
Systemd: CentOS/RHEL 6 uses SysV init system, while CentOS/RHEL 7 uses systemd as the init system.
Support lifecycle: CentOS/RHEL 6 has reached end of life, while CentOS/RHEL 7 is st...read more
Q68. What is the difference between ext and xfs?
ext is the default file system for many Linux distributions, while xfs is known for better performance and scalability.
ext is the default file system for many Linux distributions
xfs is known for better performance and scalability
xfs supports larger file systems and files compared to ext
Q69. Do you have any idea about cloud migration process
Cloud migration process involves moving data, applications, and other business elements to a cloud computing environment.
Assess current infrastructure and applications to determine what can be migrated to the cloud
Choose the right cloud provider and services based on business needs and requirements
Plan the migration process including timelines, resources, and potential risks
Execute the migration process by transferring data, applications, and configurations to the cloud
Test t...read more
Q70. How to integrate tools in Jenkins pipeline
Integrating tools in Jenkins pipeline involves using plugins and scripting
Install necessary plugins for the tools you want to integrate
Use Jenkinsfile to define the pipeline stages and include steps for tool integration
Leverage Jenkins shared libraries for reusable code across pipelines
Utilize Jenkins pipeline syntax for scripting custom integrations
Q71. Terraform Hands on Deployments for both Infrastructure & Application Deployment
Terraform is used for both infrastructure and application deployments.
Terraform allows for defining infrastructure as code, making it easy to manage and deploy infrastructure resources.
It can also be used to deploy applications by defining the necessary configurations and dependencies.
Terraform supports various cloud providers such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, making it versatile for different deployment scenarios.
Q72. what is docker network, group ?
Docker network group is a way to group containers together and isolate them from other containers on the same network.
Docker network group allows containers to communicate with each other securely.
Containers in the same network group can access each other using their container names.
Network groups can be created using Docker network commands like 'docker network create'.
Q73. explain the CI-CD pipeline, jenkins , github, docker, k8s, ansible
CI-CD pipeline is a process of continuous integration, testing, and deployment of code using tools like Jenkins, GitHub, Docker, Kubernetes, and Ansible.
CI-CD pipeline automates the software delivery process
Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server used for building, testing, and deploying code
GitHub is a web-based platform for version control and collaboration
Docker is a containerization platform used to package applications and their dependencies
Kubernetes is an op...read more
Q74. How do you write a docker file.
A Dockerfile is a script that contains instructions to build a Docker image.
Start with a base image
Add necessary dependencies and packages
Copy application code into the image
Set environment variables
Expose necessary ports
Define the command to run the application
Build the image using 'docker build' command
Q75. How to write script to configure Veracode with ADO
To configure Veracode with ADO, you can write a script that automates the process of setting up the integration.
Use Veracode API to authenticate and interact with Veracode services
Create a script that retrieves Veracode API credentials from ADO secure variables
Automate the process of configuring Veracode settings in ADO pipelines
Q76. What is cicd pipeline and describe cicd in detail.
CI/CD pipeline is a set of automated processes that allow developers to deliver code changes more frequently and reliably.
CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery.
CI involves automatically building and testing code changes frequently to catch errors early.
CD involves automatically deploying code changes to production after passing tests.
CI/CD pipelines typically include stages like build, test, deploy, and monitor.
Popular CI/CD tools include Jenkins, GitLab...read more
Q77. What is master-slave architecture?
Master-slave architecture is a design pattern where one device or process controls one or more other devices or processes.
Master device/process controls the slave device/process
Master device/process is responsible for distributing tasks to the slave devices/processes
Slave devices/processes report back to the master device/process
Commonly used in distributed computing, database replication, and networking
Examples include MySQL replication, Jenkins master-slave setup, and Hadoo...read more
Q78. Explain the CI/CD process in jenkins.
CI/CD process in Jenkins automates the building, testing, and deployment of software.
Developers commit code changes to a version control system.
Jenkins pulls the code and builds it in a clean environment.
Automated tests are run to ensure code quality.
If tests pass, the code is deployed to a staging environment for further testing.
If staging tests pass, the code is deployed to production.
Jenkins also provides feedback on build status and alerts on failures.
Q79. How to ensure HA in ELK?
To ensure HA in ELK, utilize multiple nodes, load balancers, and data replication.
Set up multiple Elasticsearch nodes in a cluster for redundancy
Use load balancers to distribute traffic evenly across nodes
Implement data replication to ensure data availability in case of node failure
Q80. Store ansible secrets Trigger pipeline after another
Store ansible secrets securely and trigger pipeline after another
Use ansible-vault to encrypt sensitive data like passwords and API keys
Store encrypted secrets in a separate file or in a secure vault
Use ansible-playbook to trigger pipelines sequentially or use a CI/CD tool like Jenkins for automation
Q81. How to regain a deleted branch in git?
To regain a deleted branch in git, use the reflog and checkout commands.
Use 'git reflog' to find the commit hash of the deleted branch
Run 'git checkout -b
' to recreate the branch
Q82. what is the GitHub Actions and usages
GitHub Actions is a CI/CD tool provided by GitHub for automating workflows and tasks in software development.
GitHub Actions allows you to automate tasks like building, testing, and deploying code directly from your GitHub repository.
You can create custom workflows using YAML files to define the actions to be taken based on events like push, pull request, or issue creation.
GitHub Actions supports a wide range of programming languages and frameworks, making it versatile for dif...read more
Q83. Explain how karpenter works in eks
Karpenter is a Kubernetes cluster autoscaler that works with EKS to automatically adjust the number of nodes based on workload
Karpenter monitors the resource usage of pods in the cluster
It automatically scales the number of nodes up or down based on the workload
Karpenter integrates with EKS to manage the underlying EC2 instances
Q84. What are the monitoring tool you used
I have experience using tools like Prometheus, Grafana, ELK stack, Nagios, and Datadog for monitoring.
Prometheus
Grafana
ELK stack
Nagios
Datadog
Q85. What is VPC endpoint and explain its URL
VPC endpoint is a virtual device within a VPC that allows private connectivity to AWS services without needing an internet gateway or NAT device.
VPC endpoint enables instances in a VPC to communicate with AWS services privately.
It provides a secure and scalable way to access AWS services without exposing them to the public internet.
VPC endpoint URLs typically follow the format 'vpce-xxxxxxxx.service.region.vpce.amazonaws.com'.
Q86. What are security features in gcp ?
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offers various security features to protect data and resources.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) for controlling access to resources
Encryption at rest and in transit to protect data
Network security with Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and firewall rules
Security Key Enforcement for two-factor authentication
Security Scanner for vulnerability assessment
Cloud Security Command Center for centralized security management
Q87. Explain your Kubernetes and Openshift experience
I have extensive experience with Kubernetes and Openshift in managing containerized applications and orchestrating deployments.
Managed Kubernetes clusters for deploying and scaling microservices
Implemented CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins and GitLab for automated deployments on Openshift
Utilized Helm charts for packaging and deploying applications on Kubernetes
Configured monitoring and logging tools like Prometheus and ELK stack for observability
Q88. Write terra form to create multipal EC2 instances.
Use Terraform to create multiple EC2 instances
Use Terraform's EC2 instance resource to define the instances
Specify the number of instances using count parameter
Use a for_each loop to create multiple instances with unique names and configurations
Q89. Write to playbook for spinup to Tom cat server.
Playbook for spinning up a Tomcat server
Install Java on the server
Download and extract Tomcat
Configure Tomcat server.xml file
Start the Tomcat server
Verify Tomcat is running
Q90. Terraform experience with EKS clusters creation
Experience with Terraform for creating EKS clusters
Utilize Terraform modules to define EKS cluster resources
Leverage Terraform provider for AWS to interact with EKS API
Use Terraform state management for tracking cluster changes
Q91. What do you mean by release management
Release management involves planning, scheduling, and controlling the software release process.
Planning and coordinating the release of software updates
Ensuring that the release process is smooth and efficient
Managing dependencies and version control
Communicating with stakeholders about release timelines and changes
Automating release processes to improve efficiency
Q92. Write down the dockerfile to create the docker image
A Dockerfile is used to create a Docker image by specifying the steps needed to build the image.
Start with a base image using the FROM keyword
Use the RUN keyword to execute commands in the image
Use the COPY keyword to add files from the host machine to the image
Use the CMD keyword to specify the default command to run when the container starts
Q93. Difference between load balancer and application gateway
Load balancer distributes traffic across multiple servers, while application gateway provides more advanced routing and security features.
Load balancer operates at layer 4 (TCP/UDP) and distributes traffic based on network-level information like IP address and port numbers
Application gateway operates at layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS) and can perform advanced routing based on URL paths, hostnames, and other application-level data
Load balancer is typically used for distributing traffic t...read more
Q94. How to add VPC and subnet
To add VPC and subnet, go to the VPC dashboard and click on 'Create VPC' button. Then create a subnet within the VPC.
Go to the VPC dashboard in the AWS console
Click on the 'Create VPC' button
Enter the details for the VPC such as name, CIDR block, etc.
Create a subnet within the VPC by clicking on 'Create Subnet' button
Enter the details for the subnet such as name, CIDR block, availability zone, etc.
Q95. Write a python code to upload a content to s3
Python code to upload content to s3
Use boto3 library to interact with AWS S3
Create a S3 client using boto3
Use the put_object method to upload content to S3
Q96. What is dif bet cmd and entry point
CMD is used to provide default arguments for an executing container, while ENTRYPOINT is used to specify the command that will run when the container starts.
CMD is optional and can be overridden during container runtime
ENTRYPOINT is required and cannot be overridden during container runtime
CMD can be used to provide default arguments to the ENTRYPOINT command
Q97. Challenges faced with Openshift Kuberenetes
Challenges faced with Openshift Kubernetes include complexity, resource management, and learning curve.
Complexity of managing multiple containers and pods
Resource management to ensure optimal performance and scalability
Learning curve for understanding Kubernetes concepts and best practices
Q98. Write a docker file?
A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image.
Start with a base image using the FROM keyword
Use the RUN keyword to execute commands in the image
Use the COPY or ADD keyword to add files from the host machine to the image
Use the CMD keyword to specify the command to run when the container starts
Q99. How do you resolve merge conflict
Resolve merge conflicts by understanding changes, communicating with team, using version control tools, and testing changes.
Understand the changes causing the conflict
Communicate with team members to discuss conflicting changes
Use version control tools like Git to resolve conflicts
Test the changes after resolving conflicts to ensure functionality
Q100. What are ci cd pipelines
CI/CD pipelines are automated processes that build, test, and deploy code changes to production.
CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment
CI involves automatically building and testing code changes as they are made
CD involves automatically deploying code changes to production
Pipelines are made up of stages, such as build, test, and deploy
Tools like Jenkins, Travis CI, and CircleCI are commonly used for CI/CD pipelines
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