10+ RND Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Build an airline system to recommend routes from city 1 to city 2 with direct and connecting flights.

• Create a graph with cities as nodes and connections as edges

• Use Dijkstra's algorithm to find shortest path between city 1 and city 2

• For connecting flights, find all possible paths with one or more stops

• Sort and recommend routes based on total distance and number of stops

Program to fill a closed loop (triangle) with color based on click location.

• Use a flood fill algorithm to color the region inside the triangle.

• Check if the click location is inside or outside the triangle using point-in-polygon algorithm.

• If clicked outside, color everything outside the triangle using a different color.

• Use the getcolor() and setcolor() APIs to interact with the pixel colors.

• Handle edge cases like overlapping triangles or concave polygons.

Optimizers exist in FFNs to update weights, but many exist due to different optimization techniques and trade-offs.

• Different optimizers use different optimization techniques such as momentum, adaptive learning rates, and regularization.

• Optimizers have different trade-offs such as convergence speed, generalization, and robustness to noisy data.

• The choice of optimizer depends on the specific problem and data set.

• Examples of optimizers include SGD, Adam, Adagrad, and RMSprop.

If two primes are at the ends of a triplet, the middle number must be divisible by 6.

• A prime number is greater than 1 and has no divisors other than 1 and itself.

• For any two prime numbers p1 and p3, the middle number p2 must be even, as one of the primes is 2.

• The only even prime is 2; thus, if p1 and p3 are both odd primes, p2 must be even.

• An even number is divisible by 2; for p2 to be divisible by 3, it must be a multiple of 6.

• Example: For primes 5 and 7, the middle number 6...read more

A scroll chiller uses a different type of compressor than a regular chiller.

• Scroll compressors have fewer moving parts than reciprocating compressors

• Scroll compressors are quieter and more efficient than reciprocating compressors

• Scroll chillers are typically used for smaller applications, while regular chillers are used for larger applications

Layer normalisation is a technique used to normalise the inputs to each layer of a feedforward neural network.

• It is similar to batch normalisation but normalises the inputs to each layer instead of the entire batch.

• It helps in reducing the internal covariate shift problem.

• It can be applied to any type of activation function.

• It is particularly useful in recurrent neural networks.

• Example: LayerNorm in PyTorch.

Designing an air conditioning system for a large space requires careful consideration of factors such as size, layout, insulation, and ventilation.

• Calculate the cooling load based on the size of the space, number of occupants, and equipment used

• Choose the appropriate type of air conditioning system, such as central or split system

• Ensure proper insulation and ventilation to prevent energy loss and maintain air quality

• Consider the layout of the space and the placement of vents ...read more

PCB stands for Printed Circuit Board, a board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components.

• PCBs are used in almost all electronic devices to provide a platform for components to be soldered onto.

• Types of PCBs include single-sided, double-sided, and multi-layered boards.

• Single-sided PCBs have components on one side, while double-sided have components on both sides.

• Multi-layered PCBs have multiple layers of conductive material separated by insulat...read more

Calculate the minimum steps to reach the end of an array using jumps based on values at each index.

• Use a greedy approach to track the maximum reachable index at each step.

• Initialize variables: steps (to count jumps), maxReach (to track the farthest index), and currentEnd (to mark the end of the current jump).

• Iterate through the array, updating maxReach and incrementing steps when reaching currentEnd.

• Example: For array [2, 3, 1, 1, 4], the minimum steps are 2 (jump from index ...read more

Different types of capacitors include ceramic, electrolytic, tantalum, and film capacitors.

• Ceramic capacitors are commonly used for high frequency applications.

• Electrolytic capacitors have high capacitance values and are polarized.

• Tantalum capacitors are known for their stability and reliability.

• Film capacitors are used for precision applications and have low leakage currents.

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals.

• Transistors are fundamental building blocks of modern electronic devices.

• They can amplify signals, control the flow of current, and act as switches.

• Common types include bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs).