80+ Programmer Interview Questions and Answers

Micro, Mini, and Mainframe computers differ in terms of size, processing power, and usage.

• Micro computers are small, low-cost, and designed for personal use.

• Mini computers are larger and more powerful than micro computers, often used in small businesses or scientific research.

• Mainframe computers are large, powerful, and used by large organizations for critical applications and data processing.

• Micro computers include laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

• Examples of mini computers...read more

You can restrict the value for a particular button pressed from the keyboard by using event listeners and conditionals in your code.

• Use event listeners to detect when a key is pressed on the keyboard

• Check the value of the key pressed and only allow the desired button to trigger an action

• You can use if statements or switch cases to restrict the value for a particular button pressed

Explaining Java's system.out.println statement, platform independence, and collections.

• System.out.println() is used to print output to the console in Java.

• Java is platform independent because it uses bytecode that can run on any platform with a JVM.

• Collections in Java are used to store and manipulate groups of objects, such as ArrayLists and HashMaps.

Kaizens are continuous improvement initiatives aimed at enhancing processes and efficiency. The number of completed kaizens in a year reflects the organization's commitment to improvement.

• Kaizens are small, incremental changes made to processes to improve efficiency and quality.

• They are typically implemented by cross-functional teams and involve brainstorming, testing, and implementing solutions.

• Examples of kaizens include reducing waste in production processes, streamlining ...read more

I prefer Python for programming because of its simplicity and versatility.

• Python has a simple syntax which makes it easy to learn and use.

• It has a vast library of modules and frameworks for various applications.

• Python is versatile and can be used for web development, data analysis, machine learning, and more.

• It is also open-source and has a large community for support and development.

• Examples: Django for web development, NumPy for scientific computing, TensorFlow for machine ...read more

C program projects for Final Year can include developing a text editor, implementing a file compression algorithm, or creating a simple operating system.

• Developing a text editor: This project involves creating a program that allows users to create, edit, and save text files.

• Implementing a file compression algorithm: This project focuses on developing a program that can compress and decompress files using algorithms like Huffman coding or Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression.

• Cre...read more

Actual parameters are passed to a function during its call, while formal parameters are defined in the function's declaration.

• Actual parameters are the values passed to a function when it is called

• Formal parameters are the variables declared in the function's definition

• Actual parameters can be of any data type, while formal parameters must have a specific data type

• Actual parameters can be constants, variables, or expressions, while formal parameters are always variables

• The nu...read more

Database is crucial for storing and managing data in backend development.

• Database stores and organizes data for efficient retrieval and manipulation.

• It allows for easy querying and filtering of data.

• It enables data consistency and integrity through constraints and validations.

• It facilitates data migration and backup.

• Examples include MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.

Crestron application license has free and paid versions with different working details.

• Crestron application is a software used for automation and control systems.

• The free version has limited features and is meant for personal use.

• The paid version has advanced features and is meant for commercial use.

• The license is required to activate the software and access all its features.

• The working details depend on the specific version and license purchased.

Java is a compiled language that also uses interpretation at runtime.

• Java code is compiled into bytecode which is then interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) at runtime.

• This allows Java to be platform-independent as the bytecode can be executed on any system with a JVM.

• However, some modern JVMs also use just-in-time (JIT) compilation to improve performance.

• JIT compilation compiles bytecode into native machine code at runtime, allowing for faster execution.

• Overall, Java...read more

Java is a high-level programming language that is platform-independent and object-oriented. It is executed on command prompt using the 'java' command.

• Java is a high-level programming language known for its portability and versatility.

• To execute a Java program on command prompt, first compile the program using the 'javac' command to generate a .class file.

• Then, use the 'java' command followed by the name of the class containing the main method to run the program.

• For example, t...read more

Use binary search to find the first and last occurrence of the character, then calculate the frequency.

• Use binary search to find the first occurrence of the character in the string.

• Use binary search to find the last occurrence of the character in the string.

• Calculate the frequency by subtracting the indices of the last and first occurrences and adding 1.

Python is a high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

• Python is an interpreted language, meaning it does not need to be compiled before running.

• It has a large standard library that provides many pre-built functions and modules.

• Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

• It is widely used in various domains such as web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and au...read more

RS232 protocol is a standard for serial communication. Third-party device control can be achieved using this protocol.

• RS232 protocol is a standard for serial communication between devices.

• Third-party device control can be achieved by sending commands over RS232.

• Commands can be sent using a terminal emulator or programming language.

• Examples of devices that can be controlled using RS232 include printers, scanners, and industrial equipment.

The 'implements' keyword is used to indicate that a class is implementing an interface.

• The 'implements' keyword is followed by the name of the interface that the class is implementing.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces by separating them with commas.

• All methods declared in an interface must be implemented by the class that implements it.

• Example: 'public class MyClass implements MyInterface { ... }'

Union combines and removes duplicates, while Union All combines without removing duplicates.

• Union removes duplicates from the result set, while Union All does not.

• Union is slower than Union All because it has to perform the additional step of removing duplicates.

• Union All is used when you want to include all rows from both tables, including duplicates.

OOPs concepts and pillars. Design a Vehicle class based on requirements.

• OOPs concepts: Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism

• Vehicle class requirements: attributes like make, model, year, methods like start, stop, accelerate

OEE is a measure of how well a manufacturing process is utilized, calculated by multiplying availability, performance, and quality.

• OEE is calculated by multiplying Availability x Performance x Quality.

• Availability measures the percentage of time the equipment is running during planned production time.

• Performance measures the speed at which the equipment is running compared to its maximum speed.

• Quality measures the good units produced compared to the total units produced.

• For e...read more

Truncate removes all data from a table while delete removes specific rows.

• Truncate is faster than delete as it doesn't log individual row deletions

• Truncate cannot be rolled back while delete can be

• Truncate resets the identity of the table while delete doesn't

• Truncate doesn't fire triggers while delete does

• Truncate is a DDL command while delete is a DML command

RS232 commands can be sent over IR port using an IR to RS232 converter.

• Use an IR to RS232 converter to convert the IR signals to RS232 commands.

• Connect the IR to RS232 converter to the device that needs to receive the commands.

• Send the RS232 commands through the IR port using the converter.

• Ensure that the IR port and the converter are compatible with each other and the device.

• Test the connection and commands to ensure proper functionality.

Calculate average age of male and female and list below average age.

• Separate male and female ages into two arrays

• Calculate average of each array

• List out ages below the average for each array

Credit card detection uses machine learning models.

• Machine learning models like logistic regression, decision trees, and neural networks are used for credit card detection.

• These models analyze patterns in credit card transactions to detect fraudulent activity.

• The models are trained on large datasets of both legitimate and fraudulent transactions.

• The models can be updated and improved over time as new data becomes available.

Stack can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. It follows LIFO (Last In First Out) principle.

• Create an empty array or linked list

• Push elements onto the stack

• Pop elements from the stack

• Check if the stack is empty

• Example: Infix to Postfix conversion using stack

• Example: Undo/Redo functionality in text editors

8D is a problem-solving methodology used to identify, correct, and prevent recurring problems. SPC stands for Statistical Process Control.

• 8D is an eight-step problem-solving process used to address and prevent recurring issues in a systematic manner.

• SPC is a method of quality control which uses statistical tools to monitor and control a process.

• Examples of SPC tools include control charts, histograms, and scatter diagrams.

Friend function in C++ is a non-member function that has access to the private and protected members of a class.

• Declared inside the class but defined outside the class scope

• Can access private and protected members of the class

• Can be used to overload operators

• Example: friend void display(A obj) { cout << obj.num; }

• Example: class A { friend void display(A obj); };

Yes, machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on developing algorithms and models that allow computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.

• Machine learning involves training algorithms to recognize patterns in data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.

• Common machine learning techniques include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

• Examples of machine learnin...read more

Polycom Group Series is a video conferencing system for businesses and organizations.

• Allows for high-quality video and audio conferencing

• Supports multiple participants in different locations

• Integrates with various collaboration tools

• Can be controlled through a remote or mobile app

Java is a high-level programming language known for its portability, security, and robustness.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning it can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• It is object-oriented, allowing for modular and reusable code.

• Java has a strong community support and a vast array of libraries and frameworks available.

• One of the main advantages of Java is its security features, such as automatic memory management and exception handling.

• Java is widely u...read more

Setting up a new machine for production involves installing necessary software, configuring settings, and testing functionality.

• Install required operating system and software

• Configure network settings and security measures

• Test machine functionality to ensure it meets production requirements

Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) is a set of tools and features that enable developers to create custom Office solutions.

• VSTO allows developers to extend and customize Microsoft Office applications such as Excel, Word, and Outlook.

• It provides a way to add new functionality to Office applications using managed code.

• Developers can create add-ins, document-level customizations, and other solutions using VSTO.

• VSTO integrates with Visual Studio IDE to provide a seamless devel...read more

James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton founded Java language.

• Java was developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-1990s.

• It was originally called Oak, but was later renamed to Java.

• Java is a popular programming language used for developing mobile apps, web applications, and enterprise software.

• Java is known for its platform independence, meaning that code written in Java can run on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Java is a high-level programming language known for its platform independence and object-oriented approach.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning it can run on any operating system

• It is an object-oriented language, focusing on creating reusable code through classes and objects

• Java uses a virtual machine (JVM) to execute code, providing portability and security

• It has a rich set of libraries and frameworks for various purposes, such as JavaFX for GUI development

• Java supports mul...read more

IN is used to check if a value exists in a list of values, while EXISTS is used to check if a subquery returns any rows.

• IN is used with a list of values, while EXISTS is used with a subquery

• IN returns true if the value is found in the list, while EXISTS returns true if the subquery returns any rows

• IN is typically used with a WHERE clause, while EXISTS is used in a subquery

The Bss BLU-100 can be controlled over RS232 using a variety of commands.

• The BLU-100 uses a proprietary protocol called HiQnet

• Commands can be sent using a terminal emulator program

• Examples of commands include setting input and output levels, muting channels, and adjusting EQ settings

Animation in VB.NET VSTO refers to creating dynamic visual effects in Office applications using Visual Basic .NET and Visual Studio Tools for Office.

• Animation can be used to enhance user experience and make the application more engaging.

• Animations can be applied to various elements such as text, images, shapes, and controls.

• Examples of animations in VB.NET VSTO include fading effects, sliding transitions, and rotation animations.

Author structuring refers to organizing and formatting the content of a document or code written by an author.

• Author structuring involves organizing the content in a logical and coherent manner for better readability and understanding.

• It includes using headings, subheadings, bullet points, and other formatting techniques to make the content more structured.

• For example, in programming, structuring code involves using functions, classes, and modules to organize and manage the c...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were objects of the same class.

• It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Examples include function overloading, operator overloading, and inheritance.

• Polymorphism helps in achieving loose coupling and flexibility in code design.

Object-oriented programming concepts focus on classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

• Classes: Blueprint for creating objects with attributes and methods.

• Objects: Instances of classes that contain data and behavior.

• Inheritance: Ability for a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability for objects of different classes to respond to th...read more

List and dictionary are data structures in programming.

• List is an ordered collection of elements, accessed by index. Example: [1, 2, 3]

• Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. Example: {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}

• Lists use square brackets [] while dictionaries use curly braces {}

• Lists can contain duplicate values while dictionaries cannot have duplicate keys

Crestron's controlling protocols are used for home automation and control systems.

• Crestron uses proprietary protocols for communication between devices.

• Crestron's main protocol is called Crestron Home OS (CH5).

• Other protocols used by Crestron include SIMPL Windows, Crestron Toolbox, and Crestron Studio.

• These protocols allow for seamless integration and control of various devices in a home automation system.

Azure cloud services are a collection of integrated cloud services that developers and IT professionals use to build, deploy, and manage applications through Microsoft's global network of datacenters.

• Azure Virtual Machines

• Azure App Services

• Azure SQL Database

• Azure Blob Storage

• Azure Functions

A package in PL/SQL is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables, and other PL/SQL constructs.

• Packages help organize and encapsulate code for easier maintenance and reuse.

• They consist of a specification (header) and a body.

• Packages can contain procedures, functions, variables, constants, cursors, and exceptions.

• Example: CREATE PACKAGE my_package AS PROCEDURE my_procedure; END my_package;

• Example: CREATE PACKAGE BODY my_package AS PROCEDURE my_procedure IS BEGIN ...read more

Triggers are database objects that automatically perform an action when a specified event occurs.

• Triggers are used to maintain data integrity by enforcing business rules or referential integrity.

• They can be used to audit changes to data, such as tracking who made a change and when.

• Triggers can also be used to replicate data changes to other tables or systems.

• Examples include triggering a notification when a new record is inserted, or updating a related table when a record is ...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were objects of the same class.

• It is achieved through method overloading and method overriding.

• Example: A shape class can have different subclasses like circle, square, and triangle, each with their own implementation of the draw method.

• Polymorphism makes code more flexible and reusable.

Sale refers to the exchange of goods or services for money or other valuable consideration.

• Sale is a transaction between a buyer and a seller.

• It involves the transfer of ownership of goods or services.

• The price of the goods or services is agreed upon by both parties.

• Examples of sales include buying a car, purchasing a meal at a restaurant, or hiring a contractor for home repairs.

AngularJS and Angular are JavaScript frameworks used for building web applications.

• AngularJS is an older version of Angular, released in 2010.

• Angular is a complete rewrite of AngularJS, released in 2016.

• Angular uses TypeScript, a superset of JavaScript, while AngularJS uses plain JavaScript.

• Both frameworks use a component-based architecture and have a strong focus on dependency injection.

• Angular has a more streamlined and efficient performance compared to AngularJS.

Document range refers to the range of documents that are included in a particular set or collection.

• Document range is the set of documents that fall within a specific criteria or parameters.

• For example, a document range could be all documents created between January 1st, 2020 and December 31st, 2020.

• Document range can also refer to the range of document numbers or identifiers within a collection.