200+ Member Technical Staff Interview Questions and Answers

Finding the longest last occurring word in a sentence with multiple whitespace.

• Split the sentence into words using whitespace as delimiter

• Reverse the list of words

• Iterate through the list and find the first occurrence of each word

• Calculate the length of each last occurring word

• Return the longest last occurring word

Priority queue is a data structure that stores elements with priority levels and retrieves them in order of priority.

• Priority queue is implemented using a heap data structure.

• Stack can be implemented using a priority queue by assigning higher priority to the most recently added element.

• Queue can be implemented using a priority queue by assigning higher priority to the oldest element.

Algorithm to find median in a stream of n numbers

• Sort the list and find the middle element for odd n

• For even n, find the average of middle two elements

• Use a min-heap and max-heap to maintain the smaller and larger half of the stream respectively

• Insert new elements into the appropriate heap and balance the heaps to ensure median is always at the top

std::list from the C++ Standard Template Library (STL) allows insertion and removal of data from anywhere.

• std::list is a doubly linked list implementation in STL

• Elements can be inserted or removed from anywhere in the list efficiently

• Example: std::list<int> myList; myList.insert(myList.begin(), 5); myList.erase(myList.begin());

Given 2 arrays with n and n-1 elements, find the unique element in the larger array.

• Loop through the larger array and check if each element is present in the smaller array.

• If an element is not present in the smaller array, it is the unique element.

• Return the unique element.

• Example: arr1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], arr2 = ['a', 'b', 'c'], unique element = 'd'

The buddy system has advantages like increased safety and support, but also drawbacks like dependency and lack of independence.

• Advantages: increased safety, support, accountability, motivation

• Disadvantages: dependency, lack of independence, potential for conflicts

• Example: In a buddy system at work, colleagues can support each other in completing tasks and provide motivation to stay on track.

• Example: However, relying too heavily on a buddy can lead to dependency and hinder ind...read more

Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor.

• Electric current is measured in amperes (A).

• It is caused by the movement of electrons in a conductor.

• There are two types of electric current - direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC).

• DC flows in one direction, while AC changes direction periodically.

• Electric current is made up of three main components - voltage, current, and resistance.

• Ohm's Law (V = IR) describes the relationship between these compo...read more

Yes, the fast pointer can move by different increments in the slow and fast pointer technique.

• The slow and fast pointer technique is often used to detect cycles in linked lists.

• If the fast pointer moves by 1 node instead of 2, it can still be effective for certain problems.

• For example, moving the fast pointer by 3 nodes can help find the middle of a list in a different way.

• Adjusting the increment can change the algorithm's behavior and its efficiency.

Classful addressing uses fixed length subnet masks, while classless addressing allows for variable length subnet masks.

• Classful addressing divides IP addresses into classes (A, B, C, D, E) with fixed subnet masks.

• Classless addressing allows for more efficient use of IP addresses by using variable length subnet masks.

• Classful addressing can lead to wastage of IP addresses, while classless addressing is more flexible and scalable.

• Classful addressing is outdated and not commonly...read more

Calculate the waiting time for each patient in a hospital based on their arrival and service times.

• Define a Patient class with attributes: arrivalTime, serviceTime, and waitingTime.

• Use a list to store multiple Patient objects representing each person in the queue.

• Sort the patients based on arrival time to simulate the order of service.

• Calculate waiting time for each patient as: waitingTime = totalServiceTime - arrivalTime.

• Example: If Patient A arrives at 2 PM and is served at...read more

VPC is a virtual private cloud that allows you to create isolated networks within the cloud environment. Subnets are subdivisions of a VPC, route tables define how traffic is directed within the VPC, and NAT gateway allows instances in a private subnet to access the internet.

• VPC is a virtual private cloud that provides a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where you can launch resources.

• Subnets are subdivisions of a VPC that allow you to group resources based on secur...read more

Memory protection in operating systems prevents one process from accessing or modifying the memory of another process.

• Memory protection ensures that each process has its own isolated memory space.

• It prevents unauthorized access to memory locations, improving system stability and security.

• Operating systems use techniques like virtual memory and access control lists to enforce memory protection.

• Examples include segmentation faults in Unix-like systems when a process tries to ac...read more

Docker Swarm is used for orchestrating multiple Docker containers across multiple hosts, while Docker Compose is used for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.

• Docker Swarm is a container orchestration tool that allows you to manage a cluster of Docker hosts.

• Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.

• Docker Swarm is used for scaling and managing a cluster of Docker containers, while Docker Compose is used for defin...read more

The sequence of steps a browser takes to convert HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into a rendered page.

• Includes parsing HTML, constructing the DOM tree, calculating styles, and executing JavaScript.

• Optimizing the critical rendering path can improve page load times and user experience.

• Examples of optimization techniques include minimizing render-blocking resources and using lazy loading.

• The critical rendering path can vary depending on the browser and device being used.

A DG machine is a diesel generator machine used for generating electricity. Components include engine, alternator, fuel system, cooling system, and control panel.

• DG machine stands for Diesel Generator machine.

• Components include engine, alternator, fuel system, cooling system, and control panel.

• Engine is the main component responsible for generating power.

• Alternator converts mechanical energy from the engine into electrical energy.

• Fuel system supplies diesel fuel to the engine...read more

A machine is a device that uses energy to perform a specific task by utilizing various components and technical parts.

• Machines consist of components such as gears, motors, sensors, and actuators.

• They operate based on principles of physics and engineering.

• Examples include cars, computers, and industrial robots.

Program to find number of bits in a number

• Use bitwise operations to count the number of bits in a number

• Iterate through each bit and count the set bits

• Use log base 2 to find the number of bits in a number

The SQL query identifies managers overseeing more than 10 employees using GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.

• Use GROUP BY: Aggregate employee records by manager ID to count employees per manager.

• HAVING Clause: Filter results to include only those managers with a count greater than 10.

• Example Query: SELECT manager_id FROM employees GROUP BY manager_id HAVING COUNT(employee_id) > 10;

• Join with Managers Table: To get manager details, join the result with the managers table.

• Final Query: ...read more

Docker add command can fetch a file from a URL and add it to the image, while copy command copies files from the host machine to the image.

• Docker add command can fetch files from URLs and add them to the image

• Copy command copies files from the host machine to the image

• Add command can also automatically extract compressed files during the build process

• Copy command is more commonly used for copying local files

The question asks to link up all nodes present in the same level of a binary search tree using the next pointer.

• Traverse the tree level by level using a queue

• For each level, create a linked list by connecting the nodes using the next pointer

• Use a dummy node to keep track of the start of the linked list for each level

The various types of inheritance in Object-Oriented Programming include single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance.

• Single inheritance: a class can inherit from only one base class.

• Multiple inheritance: a class can inherit from multiple base classes.

• Multilevel inheritance: a class can inherit from a class which is also derived from another class.

• Hierarchical inheritance: multiple classes can inherit from a single base class.

• Hybrid inheritance: a combina...read more

API is a set of protocols for building software while Webservice is a type of API that uses HTTP for communication.

• API is a set of protocols for building software applications

• Webservice is a type of API that uses HTTP for communication

• API can be used for both internal and external communication

• Webservice is typically used for external communication over the internet

• API can be in any form like REST, SOAP, etc.

• Webservice is always in the form of SOAP

Enhancing a company's database involves optimizing performance, ensuring data integrity, and improving user accessibility.

• Implement indexing on frequently queried columns to speed up search operations.

• Use normalization techniques to eliminate data redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Consider partitioning large tables to enhance performance and manageability.

• Implement caching strategies to reduce database load and improve response times.

• Regularly back up data and implement d...read more

A singleton class is a class that can only have one instance at a time.

• To break a singleton class, one can create multiple instances of the class.

• Another way to break it is by using reflection to access the private constructor and create a new instance.

• In some cases, serialization and deserialization can also break the singleton pattern.

An instance is a specific object created from a class, while a class is a blueprint or template for creating objects.

• An instance is created from a class using the 'new' keyword.

• Classes define the properties and behaviors of objects, while instances represent specific objects with their own unique data.

• Multiple instances can be created from the same class.

• Classes can be thought of as a cookie cutter, while instances are the cookies cut out from the dough.

• Example: Class 'Car' d...read more

Given a map of coffee shops and a person, find the closest n coffee shops to him.

• Use the person's location and calculate the distance to each coffee shop on the map.

• Sort the coffee shops by distance and return the closest n.

• Consider using a data structure like a priority queue to efficiently find the closest coffee shops.

Friend functions in C++ are functions that are not members of a class but have access to its private and protected members.

• Friend functions are declared inside a class with the keyword 'friend'.

• They can access private and protected members of the class.

• They are not member functions of the class, but have the same access rights as member functions.

• Example: friend void displayDetails(Student);