30+ Member Technical Staff Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Find the next smallest palindrome greater than a given number represented as a string.

• Iterate from the middle of the number and mirror the left side to the right side to create a palindrome

• If the resulting palindrome is greater than the input number, return it

• Handle cases where the number has all 9s and requires a carry over to the left side

The task is to determine the maximum profit that can be achieved by performing up to two buy-and-sell transactions on a given set of stock prices.

• Iterate through the array of stock prices to find the maximum profit that can be achieved by buying and selling stocks at different points.

• Keep track of the maximum profit that can be achieved by considering all possible combinations of buy and sell transactions.

• Ensure that you sell the stock before buying again to adhere to the con...read more

Check if two strings are anagrams of each other by comparing their characters.

• Create a character frequency map for both strings and compare them.

• Sort both strings and compare if they are equal.

• Use a hash set to store characters from one string and remove them while iterating through the other string.

• Check if the character counts of both strings are equal.

• Example: For input 'listen' and 'silent', the output should be true.

The longest happy string problem involves constructing a string with 'a', 'b', and 'c' without having any three consecutive letters being the same.

• Determine the maximum number of times 'a', 'b', and 'c' can appear in the string based on the given input values.

• Construct the longest happy string by alternating between 'a', 'b', and 'c' while respecting the constraints.

• Return '1' if a correct happy string can be formed, otherwise return '0'.

The task is to return the spiral path of elements in a given matrix.

• Iterate through the matrix in a spiral path by keeping track of boundaries.

• Print elements in the order of top row, right column, bottom row, and left column.

• Continue the spiral path until all elements are printed.

Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next pointer points back to a previous node.

• Traverse the linked list using two pointers, one moving one step at a time and the other moving two steps at a time.

• If the two pointers meet at any point, there is a cycle in the linked list.

• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm for efficient detection of cycles in linked lists.

Use a stack data structure for implementing undo and redo operations.

• Stack data structure is ideal for implementing undo and redo operations as it follows Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• Push the state of the system onto the stack when an action is performed, allowing for easy undo by popping the top element.

• Redo operation can be implemented by keeping a separate stack for redo actions.

• Example: In a text editor, each change in text can be pushed onto the stack for undo and...read more

The minimum number of swaps required to sort an array of distinct elements in ascending order.

• Use a hashmap to store the index of each element in the array.

• Iterate through the array and swap elements to their correct positions.

• Count the number of swaps needed to sort the array.

Find the maximum window size to sort an unsorted array.

• Identify the longest decreasing subarray from the beginning and longest increasing subarray from the end

• Find the minimum and maximum element in the identified subarrays

• Expand the identified subarrays until all elements in the array are covered

• The length of the expanded subarray is the maximum window size

Yes, I can design the bank architecture using basic OOP concepts in any programming language.

• Create classes for entities like Bank, Account, Customer, Transaction, etc.

• Use inheritance to model relationships between entities (e.g. SavingsAccount and CheckingAccount inheriting from Account).

• Implement encapsulation to hide internal details of classes and provide public interfaces for interaction.

• Utilize polymorphism to allow different classes to be treated as instances of a comm...read more

Comparison of heights of two soldiers chosen based on different criteria from a grid of soldiers.

• Soldier A is chosen based on tallest men from every column and shortest among them.

• Soldier B is chosen based on shortest men from every row and tallest among them.

• The height of Soldier A and Soldier B cannot be determined without additional information about the grid of soldiers.

To find and remove a loop in a Linked List, we can use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm.

• Use two pointers, slow and fast, to detect if there is a loop in the Linked List

• If the two pointers meet at some point, there is a loop

• To remove the loop, set one of the pointers to the head of the Linked List and move both pointers one step at a time until they meet again

• The meeting point is the start of the loop, set the next pointer of this node to NULL to remove the loop

Finding the longest last occurring word in a sentence with multiple whitespace.

• Split the sentence into words using whitespace as delimiter

• Reverse the list of words

• Iterate through the list and find the first occurrence of each word

• Calculate the length of each last occurring word

• Return the longest last occurring word

Priority queue is a data structure that stores elements with priority levels and retrieves them in order of priority.

• Priority queue is implemented using a heap data structure.

• Stack can be implemented using a priority queue by assigning higher priority to the most recently added element.

• Queue can be implemented using a priority queue by assigning higher priority to the oldest element.

Code to find number of combinations of reaching step N by ball falling from staircase with 1 or 2 steps per jump.

• Use dynamic programming to solve the problem

• Create an array to store the number of ways to reach each step

• Initialize the array with base cases for steps 0, 1, and 2

• Use a loop to fill in the array for steps 3 to N

• The number of ways to reach step i is the sum of the number of ways to reach step i-1 and i-2

• Return the value at the Nth index of the array

Calculate the waiting time for each patient in a hospital based on their arrival and service times.

• Define a Patient class with attributes: arrivalTime, serviceTime, and waitingTime.

• Use a list to store multiple Patient objects representing each person in the queue.

• Sort the patients based on arrival time to simulate the order of service.

• Calculate waiting time for each patient as: waitingTime = totalServiceTime - arrivalTime.

• Example: If Patient A arrives at 2 PM and is served at...read more

A recursive function calls itself until a base case is reached, then returns the result to the previous call.

• Each call creates a new instance of the function on the call stack

• The function continues to call itself until a base case is reached

• Once the base case is reached, the function returns the result to the previous call

• The previous call then continues executing from where it left off

The grazing area of the horse can be calculated by finding the area of the circle formed by the rope.

• Calculate the radius of the circle formed by the rope (15m).

• Use the formula for the area of a circle (A = πr^2) to find the grazing area.

• Subtract the area of the square (5cm x 5cm) from the grazing area to get the final result.

1+√2 is greater than √5 graphically.

• Plot the points on a number line or graph.

• 1+√2 is approximately 2.41, while √5 is approximately 2.24.

• Therefore, 1+√2 is greater than √5.

Develop and implement security and cloud controls for Cloud Engineering

• Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential security threats

• Implement encryption protocols to protect data in transit and at rest

• Utilize multi-factor authentication to enhance access control

• Regularly monitor and audit cloud infrastructure for security vulnerabilities

• Implement automated security controls to quickly respond to threats

• Train employees on security best practices to prevent human er...read more

Find maximum distinct elements in every sliding window of size k.

• Create a hash table to store the frequency of each element in the current window.

• Use two pointers to maintain the current window and slide it over the array.

• Update the hash table for each new element in the window and remove the old element.

• Keep track of the maximum number of distinct elements seen so far.

• Repeat until all windows of size k have been processed.

Process is an instance of a program while thread is a subset of a process that can run concurrently with other threads.

• A process is a program in execution

• A process can have multiple threads

• Threads share the same memory space as the process

• Threads can run concurrently with other threads within the same process

• Examples of processes include web browsers, word processors, and media players

• Examples of threads include GUI thread, network thread, and background thread

Implementing stack using queue involves using two queues to simulate stack behavior.

• Create two queues, q1 and q2.

• Push operation: Enqueue the element to q1.

• Pop operation: Dequeue all elements from q1 to q2 except the last element. Dequeue and return the last element.

• Swap the names of q1 and q2 after each pop operation.

• Top operation: Return the last element of q1 without dequeuing it.

• isEmpty operation: Check if both q1 and q2 are empty.

Minimum number of swaps required to make a given array of strings a palindrome.

• Create a hash table to store the frequency of each character in the array.

• Iterate through the array and count the number of characters with odd frequency.

• If the count is greater than 1, the array cannot be rearranged into a palindrome.

• Otherwise, use two pointers to swap characters and count the number of swaps required to make the array a palindrome.

Coding in machine with complex problems requires strong problem-solving skills and knowledge of algorithms.

• Understand the problem thoroughly before starting to code

• Break down the problem into smaller subproblems

• Use appropriate data structures and algorithms to solve the problem efficiently

• Test your code thoroughly to ensure it works correctly

• Optimize your code for performance if necessary

Find the 4th smallest element in a Binary Search Tree.

• Traverse the BST in-order and keep track of the count of visited nodes.

• When the count reaches 4, return the current node's value.

• If the BST has less than 4 nodes, return null or throw an exception.

Java program on data structures

• Use Java to implement common data structures like arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs

• Practice implementing algorithms like sorting, searching, and traversal on these data structures

• Understand the time and space complexity of different operations on data structures