100+ Junior Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

A half bridge rectifier is a type of rectifier circuit that uses two diodes to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

• Consists of two diodes connected in a configuration that allows current to flow in only one direction

• Used in applications where a full bridge rectifier is not necessary or practical

• Produces a pulsating DC output

• Commonly used in low power applications such as battery chargers and small power supplies

A motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to produce motion.

• Motors are used in various applications such as electric vehicles, industrial machinery, and household appliances.

• They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction or the interaction between magnetic fields and electric currents.

• The basic components of a motor include a rotor, stator, and commutator or brushes.

• There are different types of motors such as DC motors, AC motors, ste...read more

Troubleshooting in injection molding machine involves identifying and resolving issues to ensure smooth operation.

• Check for any blockages in the machine's nozzle or mold

• Inspect the temperature settings to ensure they are correct for the material being used

• Verify that the injection pressure and speed are set appropriately

• Examine the cooling system to ensure it is functioning properly

• Monitor the cycle time and adjust as needed for optimal production

First law states energy cannot be created or destroyed, second law states entropy always increases, third law states entropy approaches zero at absolute zero.

• First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted. Example: A car engine converts fuel into mechanical energy.

• Second Law: Entropy of an isolated system always increases over time. Example: Heat always flows from hot to cold objects.

• Third Law: Entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as t...read more

Daily breakdowns of wind turbine generators, troubleshooting methods, and how components work together.

• Daily breakdowns can include issues with gearbox, blades, or electrical systems.

• Troubleshooting involves identifying the root cause of the issue and fixing it efficiently.

• Components like the rotor, generator, and tower work together to convert wind energy into electricity.

An induction motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor is produced by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.

• Induction motors are widely used in industrial applications due to their simplicity, reliability, and low cost.

• They are commonly used in fans, pumps, compressors, and other machinery.

• Induction motors work by inducing a magnetic field in the rotor, which causes it to rotate.

• They do not require brushes or co...read more

The holder of a CNC machine is a device used to secure and position the cutting tool.

• The holder is typically made of metal and is designed to hold the tool securely in place.

• It allows for precise positioning and alignment of the tool during the machining process.

• Different types of holders are used depending on the type and size of the cutting tool.

• Examples of holders include collets, end mill holders, and drill chucks.

A motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

• A motor consists of a rotor and a stator, which interact with each other to produce rotational motion.

• Transformers are used to step up or step down voltage levels in electrical circuits.

• Motors are commonly used in appliances such as fans, washing machines, and refrigerators.

• Transfor...read more

The least count of vernier calliper is the smallest measurement that can be read on the scale.

• The least count is determined by the number of divisions on the vernier scale and the main scale.

• It is usually 0.1 mm or 0.02 mm for a metric vernier calliper and 0.001 inch for an imperial vernier calliper.

• To determine the least count, subtract the value of one main scale division from the value of one vernier scale division.

I investigate accidents by collecting evidence, interviewing witnesses, analyzing data, and reconstructing the events.

• Collect evidence from the accident scene

• Interview witnesses to gather information

• Analyze data such as CCTV footage or vehicle black box recordings

• Reconstruct the events leading up to the accident

• Consult with experts if needed, such as accident reconstruction specialists

To reduce defects, identify the root cause and implement corrective actions.

• Conduct thorough analysis of the production process

• Identify the root cause of defects

• Implement corrective actions to address the root cause

• Train employees on proper procedures and quality control

• Regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the corrective actions

A rotary pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses rotating impellers to move fluid. A booster pump is used to increase the pressure of a fluid.

• Rotary pump uses rotating impellers to move fluid

• Booster pump is used to increase the pressure of a fluid

• Rotary pumps are commonly used in applications where a constant flow is required, such as in fuel transfer or hydraulic systems

• Booster pumps are often used in water supply systems to increase water pressure for distrib...read more

The OSI reference model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.

• The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model

• It helps in understanding how different networking protocols work together

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with adjacent layers

• Examples of layers include physical layer, data link layer, network layer, etc.

Motor problems can be solved by identifying the root cause and taking appropriate measures.

• Identify the root cause of the problem

• Check for any loose connections or damaged parts

• Replace or repair the faulty parts

• Perform regular maintenance to prevent future problems

A diode is an electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction.

• Diodes are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium.

• They have two terminals - an anode and a cathode.

• When a voltage is applied across the diode, current flows from the anode to the cathode.

• However, if the voltage is applied in the opposite direction, the diode blocks the current flow.

• Diodes are used in various electronic circuits such as rectifiers, voltage regulators, and...read more

A machine is a device that uses energy to perform a specific task by applying mechanical force or power.

• Machines are designed to make work easier and more efficient.

• They can be powered by electricity, fuel, or human effort.

• Examples include cars, computers, and simple machines like levers and pulleys.

Center centre refers to the point of convergence or focus in a given space or situation.

• It is the point where all the lines or objects converge or meet.

• In engineering, it is used to determine the balance and stability of a structure.

• In art, it is used to create a focal point in a composition.

• Examples include the center of a circle, the center of gravity, and the center of mass.

Hardness can be measured using various methods depending on the material. Common methods include Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers.

• Determine the appropriate method for the material being tested

• Prepare the surface of the material to be tested

• Apply a known force to the material using a specific indenter

• Measure the size of the indentation left on the material

• Calculate the hardness value using the appropriate formula

The unit of sand is typically measured in cubic meters or cubic feet.

• The unit of sand is commonly measured in cubic meters (m³) or cubic feet (ft³).

• Other units like kilograms (kg) or tons (metric or imperial) can also be used depending on the context.

• For example, a construction project may require a certain amount of sand in cubic meters for concrete mixing.

I have worked on various engineering projects including designing, testing and implementing new systems.

• Designed and tested new software systems for a tech company

• Implemented new manufacturing processes for a production plant

• Collaborated with a team to develop a new product for a client

• Conducted research and analysis to improve existing systems

Various types of engines and their origin countries

• Internal Combustion Engine - Germany

• Steam Engine - United Kingdom

• Jet Engine - United States

• Electric Engine - Various countries

• Rocket Engine - Various countries

Heat transfer is the process of thermal energy moving from one object or substance to another.

• Heat transfer occurs through three main mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects or substances.

• Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids or gases.

• Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

• Examples of heat transfer include a hot cup of coffee cooling down, a...read more

Bend allowance is the amount of material that is required to bend a piece of metal around a certain radius.

• Bend allowance is based on the thickness and type of material being bent.

• It is important to calculate bend allowance accurately to ensure the final product meets specifications.

• Bend allowance is typically measured in terms of the length of material consumed in the bend process.

• For example, when bending a piece of sheet metal, the bend allowance will determine the length ...read more

Arduino circuit with LED for Junior Engineer interview

• Connect an LED to pin 13 on Arduino

• Use a current limiting resistor (220 ohms) in series with the LED

• Upload a simple sketch to turn the LED on and off

Yes, I am willing to sign a five year bond if required for the job.

• I am committed to my career and willing to make long-term commitments.

• Signing a bond shows dedication and loyalty to the company.

• I understand the importance of fulfilling contractual obligations.

• I am confident in my abilities to contribute positively to the company over the next five years.

Surveying knowledge is essential for a Junior Engineer.

• Surveying involves measuring and mapping the land and its features.

• Junior Engineers should have knowledge of surveying tools and techniques.

• Surveying is important for construction projects to ensure accuracy and safety.

• Examples of surveying techniques include GPS, total stations, and leveling.

• Junior Engineers should also be familiar with surveying regulations and standards.

Technical refers to the practical application of scientific knowledge in a particular field.

• Technical involves the use of specialized skills, tools, and techniques to solve problems or create products.

• It is often associated with fields such as engineering, computer science, and manufacturing.

• Examples of technical skills include programming, circuit design, and welding.

• Technical knowledge is essential for many industries and job roles, from software development to construction...read more

A four stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that completes four separate strokes (intake, compression, power, exhaust) in two crankshaft revolutions.

• Intake stroke: Fuel-air mixture is drawn into the cylinder.

• Compression stroke: Mixture is compressed by the piston.

• Power stroke: Mixture is ignited, expanding and pushing the piston down.

• Exhaust stroke: Exhaust gases are expelled from the cylinder.

A petrol engine is an internal combustion engine that runs on petrol fuel.

• Petrol engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel-air mixture

• They have higher power output compared to diesel engines

• Examples include inline-four, V6, and V8 petrol engines

Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power in an AC circuit.

• It is a measure of how efficiently electrical power is being used.

• It ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 being the most efficient.

• A low power factor can result in increased energy costs and decreased efficiency.

• It can be improved by using capacitors or other power factor correction devices.

• For example, a motor with a power factor of 0.8 requires 1.25 times more current than a motor with a power factor of 1 for ...read more

Relays are electrically operated switches that control high power circuits with low power signals. Types include electromechanical, solid state, and reed relays.

• Relays work by using an electromagnet to mechanically switch contacts open or closed.

• Types of relays include electromechanical relays, solid state relays, and reed relays.

• Electromechanical relays use an electromagnet to operate mechanical contacts.

• Solid state relays use semiconductor devices to switch the circuit on a...read more

Embedded system is a specialized computer system designed to perform specific tasks within a larger system.

• Embedded systems are often found in everyday devices like smartphones, cars, and household appliances.

• They are designed to be efficient, reliable, and cost-effective.

• Embedded systems typically have limited processing power, memory, and storage compared to general-purpose computers.

• They can be programmed to perform specific functions and are often real-time systems.

• Exampl...read more

Top/IP refers to the top-level Intellectual Property in a design, typically owned by a company or individual.

• Top/IP includes key components or features that differentiate a product or design from others.

• It is often protected by patents, trademarks, or copyrights to prevent unauthorized use.

• Companies may license or sell their top/IP to generate revenue or collaborate with others.

• Examples of top/IP include unique algorithms, proprietary software, or innovative product designs.

Flow transmitters are devices used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid in a pipe or duct.

• Differential pressure flow meters

• Magnetic flow meters

• Ultrasonic flow meters

• Vortex flow meters

• Coriolis flow meters

A printed circuit board is a board made of non-conductive material with conductive pathways etched or printed onto it for connecting electronic components.

• Consists of non-conductive material

• Has conductive pathways for connecting electronic components

• Used in electronic devices like computers, smartphones, and TVs

PLC is a hardware device that controls industrial processes, while SCADA is a software system that monitors and controls those processes.

• PLC is a programmable logic controller that controls the input/output of industrial processes.

• SCADA is a supervisory control and data acquisition system that collects and analyzes data from the industrial processes.

• PLC is a hardware device, while SCADA is a software system.

• PLC is used for controlling the process, while SCADA is used for moni...read more

A 3-phase motor is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using three alternating currents.

• A 3-phase motor is more efficient and has higher power output compared to a single-phase motor.

• It is commonly used in industrial applications for driving heavy machinery and equipment.

• The motor consists of a stator and a rotor, with the stator providing a rotating magnetic field and the rotor converting it into mechanical motion.

• The three phases of t...read more

Undersize and oversize refer to measurements that are smaller or larger than the standard size.

• Undersize refers to a measurement that is smaller than the standard size.

• Oversize refers to a measurement that is larger than the standard size.

• Undersize and oversize can apply to various objects, such as clothing, machinery parts, and tools.

• For example, an undersized bolt may not fit properly in a hole, while an oversized bolt may cause damage to the surrounding material.

The density of steel is approximately 7.85 grams per cubic centimeter.

• Density of steel is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of steel.

• It is commonly expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

• The density of steel can vary depending on the specific type and composition of the steel.

• For example, the density of stainless steel is typically around 7.9 g/cm³.

• Knowing the density of steel is important for various engin...read more

SolidWorks commands are used to create, modify, and analyze 3D models in the SolidWorks software.

• Extrude: Used to create a 3D feature by extruding a 2D sketch

• Fillet: Adds a rounded edge to a 3D model

• Revolve: Creates a 3D feature by revolving a 2D sketch around an axis

• Shell: Removes material from a solid model to create a hollow part

• Mirror: Copies a feature or body to create a symmetrical model

BIW stands for Body in White, which refers to the stage in automotive manufacturing when a car body's sheet metal components have been welded together but before painting. The 3-2-1 principle is a method used in fixture design to ensure accurate and repeatable positioning of parts during welding or assembly.

• BIW stands for Body in White, which is the stage in automotive manufacturing when a car body's sheet metal components have been welded together but before painting.

• The 3-2...read more

Stress is the force applied to a material, while strain is the resulting deformation or change in shape.

• Stress is a measure of the internal forces within a material, while strain is the measure of the deformation or change in shape.

• Stress is typically measured in units of force per unit area (such as N/m^2 or Pa), while strain is a dimensionless quantity.

• Stress can cause a material to deform or break, while strain is the amount of deformation that occurs.

• Example: A rubber ban...read more

A single line diagram is a simplified diagram that shows the electrical connections and components of a power system in a single line.

• It is used to represent the electrical system in a simplified manner.

• It shows the connections between various components like generators, transformers, circuit breakers, etc.

• It helps in understanding the overall layout of the system and how different components are interconnected.

• It is commonly used in power distribution systems and industrial ...read more

Estimating a building structure requires knowledge of materials, design, and construction methods.

• Determine the purpose of the building and its location

• Calculate the total area and volume of the building

• Choose appropriate materials and construction methods

• Consider factors such as seismic activity, wind loads, and soil conditions

• Estimate the cost of materials and labor

• Create a detailed plan and schedule for construction

Previous work details refer to the specific roles, responsibilities, and experiences you have had in your previous jobs.

• Provide a brief overview of your previous job titles and companies

• Highlight key responsibilities and achievements in each role

• Discuss any relevant projects or tasks you worked on

• Explain how your previous work experience has prepared you for the Junior Engineer position

Relays are used for low power applications while contactors are used for high power applications.

• Relays are typically used in control circuits to switch low power loads such as lights and fans.

• Contactors are used to switch high power loads such as motors and compressors.

• Relays have a lower current rating than contactors.

• Contactors have larger contacts and can handle higher currents than relays.

• Relays are typically smaller in size than contactors.

• Contactors are typically more ...read more

Switch is an electronic component used to connect or disconnect a circuit while a timer is a device used to measure time intervals.

• Switch is used to turn on/off a device while timer is used to control the duration of a device's operation.

• Switch is a binary device with two states (on/off) while timer can be analog or digital and can measure time in seconds, minutes, or hours.

• Examples of switches include light switches, power switches, and toggle switches while examples of time...read more