ICT Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

OSI model devices are specific to each layer of the model, facilitating communication between devices.

• Layer 1 (Physical): hubs, repeaters, cables

• Layer 2 (Data Link): switches, bridges

• Layer 3 (Network): routers, layer 3 switches

• Layer 4 (Transport): gateways, firewalls

• Layer 5 (Session): not applicable

• Layer 6 (Presentation): encryption/decryption devices

• Layer 7 (Application): servers, workstations

Routers are networking devices that forward data packets between computer networks.

• Routers connect multiple networks together and determine the best path for data to travel.

• They use routing tables to make decisions about where to send data packets.

• Routers can also provide security by blocking unwanted traffic and filtering incoming data.

• Examples of routers include home routers, enterprise routers, and core routers used by internet service providers.

Switches are networking devices that connect devices together and enable communication between them.

• Switches forward data packets between devices on a network

• They use MAC addresses to identify devices and determine where to send data

• Switches can improve network performance by reducing network congestion

• They can also enhance network security by isolating traffic between devices

• Examples of switches include Ethernet switches, LAN switches, and data center switches

TCP/IP model is a networking protocol that defines how data is transmitted over the internet.

• TCP/IP model has four layers: application, transport, internet, and network access.

• Each layer has its own set of protocols that work together to transmit data.

• TCP/IP model is used for communication between devices on the internet.

• Examples of protocols used in TCP/IP model include HTTP, FTP, TCP, and IP.