20+ Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Fill the 3 gallon jug, pour it into the 5 gallon jug, fill the 3 gallon jug again, pour it into the 5 gallon jug until it is full, leaving 1 gallon in the 3 gallon jug.

• Fill the 3 gallon jug

• Pour the 3 gallon jug into the 5 gallon jug

• Fill the 3 gallon jug again

• Pour the 3 gallon jug into the 5 gallon jug until it is full

• The 4 gallon jug will have 1 gallon of water

Query to find the second highest salary in a table.

• Use the MAX() function to find the highest salary.

• Use the WHERE clause to exclude the highest salary from the result.

• Use the MAX() function again to find the second highest salary.

A program to reverse a string

• Iterate through the characters of the string from the last to the first

• Append each character to a new string

• Return the reversed string

APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) enable software applications to communicate and interact with each other seamlessly.

• APIs define a set of rules and protocols for building and interacting with software applications.

• They allow different software systems to exchange data and functionality, enhancing interoperability.

• For example, a weather API can provide real-time weather data to a mobile app.

• APIs can be RESTful, using HTTP requests to access and manipulate data, or SOA...read more

PHP frameworks like Laravel enhance development speed, maintainability, and security, making web applications more robust and scalable.

• Rapid Development: Laravel's built-in tools like Eloquent ORM and Artisan CLI streamline common tasks, reducing development time.

• MVC Architecture: Laravel follows the Model-View-Controller pattern, promoting a clean separation of concerns and better organization of code.

• Security Features: Laravel provides protection against common vulnerabilit...read more

A two-way switch is a device that can be used to control a single electrical circuit from two different locations.

• A two-way switch typically has three terminals: a common terminal and two traveler terminals.

• The common terminal is connected to the power source, while the traveler terminals are connected to the load.

• The switch can be toggled between the two traveler terminals to control the circuit from different locations.

The 2 egg problem is a classic puzzle about minimizing egg drops to find the highest safe floor in a building.

• Use two eggs to minimize the number of drops needed.

• Start dropping from a certain floor and increase the drop floor incrementally.

• If the first egg breaks, use the second egg to check each floor below the last drop.

Python is a high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

• Python is an interpreted language, which means it does not need to be compiled before running.

• It has a large standard library that provides many useful modules and functions.

• Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

• It is widely used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing.

• Pyth...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. It is a process used to design, develop, and test software applications.

• SDLC is a systematic approach to software development.

• It consists of several phases including requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, and maintenance.

• Each phase has specific activities and deliverables.

• SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps.

• It ensures the quality and reliability of software applications.

Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction

• Encapsulation: bundling of data and methods that act on that data within a single unit

• Inheritance: ability of a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class

• Polymorphism: ability of objects to take on many forms

• Abstraction: hiding of complex implementation details and showing only the necessary information

Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that sorts an array by recursively splitting and merging sorted subarrays.

• 1. Divide the array into two halves until each subarray contains a single element.

• 2. Merge the subarrays back together in sorted order.

• 3. The merging process involves comparing the smallest elements of each subarray.

• 4. Example: Sorting [38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10] results in [3, 9, 10, 27, 38, 43, 82].

The work environment is collaborative and supportive.

• The team is friendly and helpful

• Open communication is encouraged

• Flexible work hours and remote work options are available

I chose this company for its innovative projects, strong values, and commitment to employee growth and development.

• The company's focus on cutting-edge technology aligns with my passion for innovation, as seen in their recent AI project.

• I admire the company's commitment to sustainability, demonstrated by their initiatives to reduce carbon footprint.

• The collaborative culture here fosters teamwork, which I experienced during my internship where cross-functional teams worked toge...read more

I possess strong programming skills, expertise in software development, and a passion for problem-solving and innovation.

• Proficient in languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript, with experience in building web applications.

• Experienced in using frameworks such as React and Angular for front-end development.

• Skilled in database management with SQL and NoSQL databases like MySQL and MongoDB.

• Familiar with version control systems like Git, enabling efficient collaboration in team...read more

Oops concept is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions to solve problems.

• Encapsulation - hiding implementation details

• Inheritance - creating new classes from existing ones

• Polymorphism - using a single interface to represent multiple types

• Abstraction - simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts

Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm that uses a binary heap data structure.

• Heap sort works by first building a max heap from the input array.

• It then repeatedly extracts the maximum element from the heap and rebuilds the heap.

• The time complexity of heap sort is O(n log n) and it is an in-place sorting algorithm.

• Example: [4, 10, 3, 5, 1] -> [1, 3, 4, 5, 10]

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing pre-configured settings and dependencies.

• Spring Boot is built on top of the Spring framework and follows the convention over configuration principle.

• It provides a standalone executable JAR file that includes an embedded server, making it easy to deploy and run applications.

• Spring Boot offers auto-configuration, which automatically configures the application based on the dependencies p...read more

OOP principles can be illustrated through real-life scenarios, enhancing understanding of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation: A car's engine is hidden from the driver; they interact with the car through the steering wheel and pedals.

• Inheritance: A 'Dog' class can inherit properties from an 'Animal' class, sharing traits like 'bark' and 'eat'.

• Polymorphism: A 'Shape' class can have methods like 'draw', which behaves differently for 'Circle' and 'Square' ...read more

Design a database for a college

• Identify entities such as students, faculty, courses, departments, etc.

• Create tables for each entity with appropriate attributes

• Establish relationships between tables using foreign keys

• Consider normalization to avoid data redundancy

• Implement security measures to protect sensitive data

The best sorting algorithm is dependent on the specific use case and data size.

• Quick Sort is efficient for large datasets due to its average time complexity of O(n log n)

• Merge Sort is stable and has a time complexity of O(n log n) but requires extra space

• Insertion Sort is simple and efficient for small datasets with time complexity of O(n^2)

• Heap Sort is efficient and has a time complexity of O(n log n) but is not stable

Designing a form and its display involves considering user experience and functionality.

• Identify the purpose and goals of the form

• Choose appropriate form elements and layout

• Ensure clear and concise labeling and instructions

• Consider accessibility and responsive design

• Test and iterate for optimal user experience

Truncate is faster but cannot be rolled back, while Delete is slower but can be rolled back.

• Truncate removes all rows from a table quickly, but cannot be rolled back.

• Delete removes rows one by one, slower than Truncate, but can be rolled back using a transaction.

• Truncate resets the identity seed of the table, while Delete does not.

Middle ware in .NET refers to software that acts as a bridge between an operating system or database and applications, providing services such as communication, security, and data management.

• Middleware in .NET can be used to handle communication between different components of an application.

• It can provide services like authentication, authorization, and logging.

• Examples of middleware in .NET include ASP.NET Core middleware for handling HTTP requests and responses.