100+ Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Mechanical Engineering is the branch of engineering that involves the design, analysis, and manufacturing of mechanical systems.

• Involves designing and analyzing mechanical systems

• Focuses on principles of physics and materials science

• Includes areas such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and robotics

• Applies engineering principles to solve real-world problems

• Examples: designing a car engine, optimizing a manufacturing process

PLM stands for Product Lifecycle Management, a system used to manage the entire lifecycle of a product from inception, through engineering design and manufacture, to service and disposal.

• PLM helps in centralizing product data, improving collaboration, and streamlining processes.

• It includes tools for CAD/CAM, BOM management, change management, and workflow automation.

• Examples of PLM software include Siemens Teamcenter, PTC Windchill, and Dassault Systèmes ENOVIA.

Structure in design engineering refers to the arrangement and organization of components to form a cohesive system.

• Structure in design engineering involves organizing components in a way that ensures functionality and efficiency.

• It helps in distributing loads and forces effectively throughout the system.

• Structural analysis is used to ensure that the design can withstand various loads and stresses.

• Examples include designing a bridge with proper support structures to bear the w...read more

The appropriate welding process would depend on the materials being joined and the desired strength and appearance of the weld.

• Consider the materials being joined - different processes are suitable for different materials (e.g. MIG for steel, TIG for aluminum)

• Consider the desired strength of the weld - some processes offer stronger welds than others (e.g. TIG welding produces high-quality, strong welds)

• Consider the appearance requirements - certain processes may produce clean...read more

P&ID stands for Piping and Instrumentation Diagram, while isometric drawing is a 3D representation of a piping system.

• P&ID is a schematic representation of a process system that shows the piping, equipment, and instrumentation.

• It provides information about the flow of fluids, control loops, and equipment connections.

• Isometric drawing is a 3D representation of a piping system, showing the arrangement of pipes, fittings, and valves.

• It helps visualize the spatial relationships a...read more

First angle projection is commonly used in Europe and Asia, while third angle projection is commonly used in North America.

• In first angle projection, the object is placed in the first quadrant (top right) of the imaginary box, with the plane of projection between the observer and the object.

• In third angle projection, the object is placed in the third quadrant (bottom right) of the imaginary box, with the plane of projection behind the object.

• First angle projection is commonly...read more

Wear plate & guide pillar selection depends on application requirements, load capacity, and material compatibility.

• Consider the application requirements such as load capacity, speed, and environment

• Choose a wear plate material that is compatible with the mating surface material

• Select a guide pillar material that can withstand the load and provide smooth movement

• Consider the manufacturing process and cost

• Examples of wear plate materials include bronze, graphite, and plastic

• Exa...read more

Relays are electrically operated switches used to control circuits. There are several types of relays.

• Electromechanical relays use a coil to create a magnetic field that pulls a switch to make or break a circuit.

• Solid-state relays use semiconductor devices to switch the circuit on and off.

• Reed relays use a magnetic field to control the switch.

• Polarized relays have a specific polarity and can only be used in one direction.

• Time-delay relays have a built-in delay before switchin...read more

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

• Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply.

• They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire.

• Transformers are used in power distribution systems, electronic devices, and many other applications.

• They can be step-up...read more

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. It refers to the technology and systems used to control indoor environmental conditions.

• HVAC systems are designed to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality.

• They are commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.

• Heating systems can include furnaces, boilers, and heat pumps.

• Ventilation systems ensure the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, removing pollutants and controlling humi...read more

To design a 2 model in single window, use a split screen or tabbed interface.

• Consider the user's workflow and prioritize the most important information

• Use a clear visual hierarchy to differentiate between the two models

• Provide easy navigation between the two models

• Test the design with users to ensure usability and efficiency

Laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, a process where light is amplified through stimulated emission.

• Laser technology is used in various fields such as medicine, industry, communication, and entertainment.

• Laser beams are coherent, monochromatic, and highly directional.

• Examples of laser applications include laser cutting, laser welding, laser surgery, and laser printing.

Some commonly used software for designing are AutoCAD, SolidWorks, CATIA, and Adobe Creative Suite.

• AutoCAD is widely used for 2D drafting and 3D modeling in various industries.

• SolidWorks is popular for mechanical design and simulation.

• CATIA is commonly used in aerospace and automotive industries for product design.

• Adobe Creative Suite includes software like Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign for graphic design and multimedia editing.

Design criteria for casting products include material selection, dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and structural integrity.

• Material selection: Choose a material suitable for the casting process and the desired properties of the final product.

• Dimensional accuracy: Ensure the casting meets the required dimensions and tolerances.

• Surface finish: Consider the desired surface texture and finish of the casting.

• Structural integrity: Design the casting to withstand the intended l...read more

Degree of freedom refers to the number of independent variables that can be varied in a system.

• It is the number of ways a system can move without violating any constraints.

• In mechanical engineering, it refers to the number of ways a mechanical system can move without any external force.

• A rigid body in a 3D space has 6 degrees of freedom - 3 for translation and 3 for rotation.

• A pendulum has one degree of freedom - the angle it swings from the vertical.

• The degree of freedom is ...read more

Case hardening is a process of hardening the surface of a metal object while keeping the interior soft.

• The process involves heating the metal object and then cooling it rapidly by quenching it in water, oil or other liquids.

• The hardened surface is then resistant to wear and tear, while the interior remains soft and ductile.

• Case hardening is commonly used in the manufacturing of gears, bearings, and other mechanical components.

• Examples of case hardening methods include carburi...read more

Heat treatment is a process of heating and cooling metals to alter their physical and mechanical properties.

• Heat treatment is used to improve the hardness, strength, toughness, and ductility of metals.

• It involves heating the metal to a specific temperature and holding it there for a certain amount of time.

• The metal is then cooled at a specific rate to achieve the desired properties.

• Different types of heat treatment include annealing, quenching, tempering, and case hardening.

• E...read more

Pipe wall thickness can be calculated using various methods based on the material, pressure, and temperature of the pipe.

• Calculate using Barlow's formula: t = PD/(2S - 0.8P)

• Consider factors like material properties, pressure, temperature, and safety factor

• Consult relevant codes and standards for specific calculations

• Use software tools like CAESAR II for complex piping systems

Thermodynamic processes are various ways in which energy can be transferred to or from a system.

• Isothermal process: constant temperature

• Adiabatic process: no heat transfer

• Isobaric process: constant pressure

• Isochoric process: constant volume

• Examples: carnot cycle, rankine cycle, stirling cycle

Petrol engines use spark ignition while diesel engines use compression ignition.

• Petrol engines have higher RPMs than diesel engines.

• Diesel engines have higher torque than petrol engines.

• Petrol engines are lighter and more compact than diesel engines.

• Diesel engines are more fuel-efficient than petrol engines.

• Petrol engines emit more CO2 than diesel engines.

• Diesel engines are more expensive to maintain than petrol engines.

DCD regulation on Cold storage refers to guidelines set by the Design Control Division for maintaining temperature in storage facilities.

• DCD regulation ensures that cold storage facilities maintain proper temperature levels to preserve the quality of stored items.

• These regulations may include specific temperature ranges for different types of products, as well as monitoring and recording temperature data.

• Failure to comply with DCD regulations can result in spoilage of goods a...read more

DCD regulation on industrial refers to the Design Control Document regulation for industrial products.

• DCD regulation ensures that industrial products meet design requirements and standards

• It involves documenting the design process, changes, and verification activities

• DCD regulation helps in ensuring product quality, safety, and compliance with regulations

• Examples include ISO 9001 for quality management and CE marking for product safety

I am passionate about electronics because it allows me to create innovative solutions and bring ideas to life.

• I enjoy the challenge of designing and building electronic circuits.

• Electronics is a constantly evolving field, which keeps me motivated to learn and stay updated with the latest technologies.

• I find satisfaction in troubleshooting and debugging electronic systems to identify and solve problems.

• Electronics enables me to combine my creativity with technical skills to de...read more

Yes, I have knowledge on ANSYS software for simulation and analysis in engineering design.

• Proficient in using ANSYS for finite element analysis (FEA)

• Experience in structural analysis, thermal analysis, and fluid dynamics simulations

• Ability to interpret and analyze simulation results to optimize designs

• Knowledge of meshing, boundary conditions, and material properties in ANSYS

• Familiarity with ANSYS Workbench for simulation setup and post-processing

Minimum bend radius for sheet metal bends is determined by material thickness and type of material.

• Minimum bend radius is typically equal to the material thickness for soft materials like aluminum.

• For harder materials like stainless steel, the minimum bend radius is usually 1.5 times the material thickness.

• Sharp bends should be avoided to prevent cracking or deformation of the material.

Types of projection used in Engineering drawing include orthographic projection, isometric projection, and oblique projection.

• Orthographic projection: Shows multiple views of an object from different angles.

• Isometric projection: Represents a 3D object in 2D with equal measurements along each axis.

• Oblique projection: Displays a 3D object by projecting it onto a 2D plane at an angle.

Printing technologies are methods used to transfer text, images, or designs onto paper or other materials.

• Inkjet printing: uses tiny droplets of ink to create images

• Laser printing: uses a laser beam to produce high-quality text and images

• Offset printing: transfers ink from a plate to a rubber blanket then to paper

• 3D printing: creates three-dimensional objects layer by layer

• Screen printing: uses a mesh screen to transfer ink onto a substrate

Stress is internal resistance to deformation, while pressure is force applied over an area.

• Stress is a measure of the internal resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.

• Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area.

• Stress is a tensor quantity, while pressure is a scalar quantity.

• Examples: A rubber band under tension experiences stress, while a balloon filled with air exerts pressure on its walls.

Synchronous speed is the speed at which the magnetic field rotates in a synchronous motor.

• Synchronous speed is determined by the frequency of the power supply and the number of poles in the motor.

• Formula for synchronous speed: Ns = 120f / P, where Ns is synchronous speed in RPM, f is frequency in Hz, and P is number of poles.

• For example, a 4-pole motor connected to a 60 Hz power supply would have a synchronous speed of 1800 RPM.

The least count of a vernier caliper is the smallest measurement that can be read on the scale.

• The least count of a vernier caliper is typically 0.02 mm or 0.001 inches.

• It is determined by dividing the smallest division on the main scale by the total number of divisions on the vernier scale.

• For example, if the main scale has divisions of 1 mm and the vernier scale has 50 divisions, the least count would be 0.02 mm.

To draw a 3D view of a 2D sketch, use a CAD software to extrude and rotate the sketch.

• Import the 2D sketch into a CAD software like SolidWorks or AutoCAD

• Use the extrude feature to give the sketch depth and create a 3D object

• Rotate the object to view it from different angles and perspectives

• Add any necessary details or features to complete the 3D model

Design a micro arch for a given problem

• Identify the specific problem that the micro arch needs to solve

• Consider the size and scale of the micro arch in relation to the problem

• Design the structure of the micro arch to efficiently address the problem

• Ensure that the materials used are suitable for the intended purpose

Vcc cycle refers to the voltage supply cycle of a digital circuit.

• Vcc cycle is the period of time during which the voltage supply to a digital circuit is at its highest level.

• It is an important consideration in the design of digital circuits, as it can affect the performance and reliability of the circuit.

• The Vcc cycle is typically measured in terms of frequency, with higher frequencies indicating faster switching times and potentially higher power consumption.

• Designers must ...read more

Verilog code for micro architecture design

• Define modules for different components of the micro architecture

• Implement data paths and control logic using Verilog

• Use registers, multiplexers, and other logic gates to design the micro architecture

• Test the functionality of the micro architecture using simulation tools

I drew a computer mouse as a job object.

• Start by drawing a rectangular shape for the body of the mouse

• Add two small circles for the left and right buttons

• Include a scroll wheel in the middle

• Draw a small oval shape for the sensor on the bottom

• Add a USB connector at the end of the mouse

rps stands for revolutions per second and is a unit of measurement for rotational speed.

• rps is used to measure the number of complete rotations made by an object in one second

• It is commonly used in engineering and physics to describe the speed of rotating machinery

• For example, a car engine might have a maximum speed of 6,000 rps

Third angle projection is a method of representing a 3D object in a 2D drawing by projecting the object onto three mutually perpendicular planes.

• In third angle projection, the object is placed in the first quadrant of the right-hand side of the coordinate system.

• The top view is projected onto the horizontal plane, the front view onto the vertical plane, and the side view onto the profile plane.

• This method is commonly used in engineering and technical drawings to accurately re...read more

Angle of projection is the angle at which an object is projected from the horizontal.

• Angle of projection is measured from the horizontal axis.

• It determines the trajectory of the object being projected.

• A smaller angle of projection results in a shorter range but higher height, while a larger angle results in a longer range but lower height.

• For example, in sports like basketball, the angle of projection of a shot can affect whether it goes in the hoop or not.

Ohm's law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, with resistance as a constant factor.

• Ohm's law is expressed as V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

• It can also be written as I = V/R or R = V/I.

• For example, if a circuit has a voltage of 12V and a resistance of 4 ohms, the current flowing through it would be 3A (12V/4ohms = 3A).

Dryers are appliances used to remove moisture from clothes or other items by using heat or air flow.

• Dryers can be either gas or electric powered.

• They typically have a rotating drum to tumble the clothes while drying.

• Some dryers have sensors to detect when the clothes are dry and automatically shut off.

• There are different types of dryers such as vented, condenser, and heat pump dryers.

• Dryers are commonly used in households, laundromats, and industrial settings.

Product development is the process of creating new products or improving existing ones through research, design, testing, and manufacturing.

• Involves identifying market needs and opportunities

• Conducting research and gathering data

• Designing and prototyping the product

• Testing and iterating on the design

• Manufacturing and launching the product

• Examples: Apple developing the iPhone, Nike creating new shoe designs

Trim line and land are terms used in dentistry to describe the junction between a dental restoration and the tooth structure.

• Trim line is the point where the edge of the restoration meets the tooth structure.

• Land is the area of the tooth structure that is prepared to receive the restoration.

• The trim line and land are important for ensuring a proper fit and seal of the restoration.

• Examples of dental restorations that require a trim line and land include crowns, inlays, and onl...read more

Celeros flow technology offers innovative solutions for optimizing fluid handling systems.

• Celeros flow technology provides advanced solutions for improving efficiency and performance in fluid handling systems.

• Their products are designed to enhance reliability and reduce maintenance costs.

• Celeros has a proven track record of delivering high-quality flow technology solutions to various industries.

• The company's commitment to innovation and continuous improvement sets them apart ...read more

Design considerations are factors that need to be taken into account when creating a product or system.

• Functionality: Ensure the design meets the intended purpose.

• Cost: Consider budget constraints for materials and manufacturing.

• Aesthetics: Create an appealing design for user satisfaction.

• Safety: Prioritize user safety in the design.

• Durability: Design for long-lasting performance.

• Ease of manufacturing: Simplify production processes.

• Environmental impact: Consider sustainabilit...read more

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. It refers to the technology used for indoor environmental comfort.

• HVAC is a system that controls the temperature, humidity, and air quality in buildings.

• It includes components such as furnaces, air conditioners, ventilation systems, and thermostats.

• Heating is provided by systems like boilers or electric heaters.

• Ventilation ensures fresh air circulation and removes odors, moisture, and pollutants.

• Air conditioning cool...read more

Vapour compression cycle is a thermodynamic process used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

• It involves the compression of a refrigerant gas to a high pressure and temperature, followed by condensation into a liquid at a lower temperature.

• The liquid refrigerant then passes through an expansion valve, where it undergoes a pressure drop and evaporates at a low temperature and pressure.

• The evaporated refrigerant absorbs heat from the surroundings, cooling the space or...read more

A version of software refers to a specific release or iteration of the software product.

• A version number is assigned to each release of the software.

• Versions may include bug fixes, new features, or improvements.

• Users can check their software version in the settings or about section.

• Different versions may have different compatibility requirements.

• Software updates may include a new version or an update to an existing version.