1000+ Associate Consultant Interview Questions and Answers

TCP/IP model has four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access.

• Application layer handles high-level protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.

• Transport layer provides end-to-end communication between hosts using TCP or UDP protocols.

• Internet layer handles the routing of data packets between networks using IP protocol.

• Network Access layer deals with the physical transmission of data over the network.

• Examples of protocols at each layer: HTTP (Application), TCP (Tr...read more

Machine learning lifecycle involves data collection, model training, evaluation, and deployment. Deployment options include cloud, on-premise, and edge computing.

• Machine learning lifecycle stages: data collection, data preprocessing, model training, model evaluation, model deployment

• Deployment options: cloud (e.g. AWS, Azure), on-premise servers, edge computing devices (e.g. IoT devices)

• Deployment considerations: scalability, security, latency, cost

• Examples: deploying a predi...read more

Partial dependency in 2NF can be removed by splitting the table into two separate tables.

• Identify the attributes causing partial dependency in the table.

• Create a new table with the partially dependent attributes along with the determinant attribute.

• Link the new table to the original table using a foreign key.

• Ensure each table now satisfies 2NF independently.

There are three forms of normalization in database design: 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF.

• 1NF (First Normal Form) - Ensures that each column in a table contains atomic values. No repeating groups of columns are allowed.

• 2NF (Second Normal Form) - Requires that the table is in 1NF and all non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key.

• 3NF (Third Normal Form) - Builds on 2NF by ensuring that there are no transitive dependencies between non-key attributes.

Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and restricting access to it.

• It allows for better control over the data by preventing direct access from outside the class.

• Encapsulation is achieved in object-oriented programming languages through the use of access specifiers like public, private, and protected.

• Pseudocode example: class Car { private int speed; pu...read more

The regulatory authority of banks in India is the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central banking institution in India

• RBI regulates the functioning of banks in India to ensure financial stability and prevent malpractices

• It issues guidelines, policies, and regulations for banks to follow

To retrieve the first 100 employees from a table, use SQL's LIMIT clause in your query.

• Use SELECT statement to specify the columns you want to retrieve.

• Use FROM clause to indicate the table name, e.g., FROM employees.

• Add LIMIT 100 to restrict the result to the first 100 records.

• Example query: SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT 100;

Severity and priority are terms used in issue management to indicate the impact and urgency of an issue.

• Severity refers to the degree of impact an issue has on the system or business.

• Priority refers to the urgency with which an issue needs to be addressed.

• Issues with high severity and high priority should be addressed immediately.

• Examples of high severity issues include system crashes or data loss.

• Examples of high priority issues include critical business processes being affe...read more

I faced challenges with performance optimization while deploying a Flutter application.

• One challenge was optimizing the app's performance on different devices with varying hardware capabilities.

• I used techniques like code splitting to reduce the initial load time of the app.

• I also implemented lazy loading for components that were not immediately needed to improve overall performance.

• Additionally, I utilized tree shaking to eliminate unused code and reduce the app's bundle siz...read more

String Buffer and String Builder are both used to manipulate strings, but the former is synchronized while the latter is not.

• String Buffer is thread-safe while String Builder is not

• String Builder is faster than String Buffer

• String Builder is preferred when thread safety is not a concern

• String Buffer is used when multiple threads are involved in manipulating the same string

• Both classes have similar methods for appending, inserting, and deleting characters

Languages - 4, Development - 3, Databases - 3

• Proficient in Java and Python for development

• Familiar with SQL for database management

• Continuously learning new languages and technologies

Developed a marketing campaign with limited budget

• Conducted market research to identify target audience and their preferences

• Utilized social media platforms to reach a wider audience

• Collaborated with local businesses to cross-promote the campaign

• Created visually appealing content in-house to save on outsourcing costs

• Measured success through analytics and adjusted strategy accordingly

SQL query to find MAXIMUM salary from the table

• Use the SELECT statement to retrieve data

• Use the MAX() function to find the maximum salary

• Specify the column name for salary in the query

SQL query to find second maximum salary from a table.

• Use the MAX function to find the highest salary

• Use the WHERE clause to exclude the highest salary

• Order the results in descending order and limit the output to 1

The profit percentage will be 12.68%.

• Calculate the profit by subtracting the buying price from the selling price: 80lacs - 71lacs = 9lacs

• Calculate the profit percentage by dividing the profit by the buying price and multiplying by 100: (9lacs / 71lacs) * 100 = 12.68%

Write a query to select data from a large collection.

• Use the SELECT statement to specify the columns you want to retrieve.

• Use the FROM clause to specify the table or tables from which to retrieve the data.

• Use the WHERE clause to specify any conditions that the retrieved data must meet.

• Use the ORDER BY clause to sort the retrieved data in a specific order.

• Use the LIMIT clause to limit the number of rows returned, if necessary.

Pros and cons of central government policy

• Pros: Increased focus on digitalization, improved infrastructure development, and increased foreign investment. Cons: Controversial farm bills, lack of job creation, and economic slowdown due to COVID-19.

• Pros: Increased healthcare spending, implementation of GST, and demonetization. Cons: Implementation of CAA, lack of transparency in electoral funding, and increased fuel prices.

• Pros: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Make in India campaign, and...read more

Sorting algorithms are used to arrange data in a specific order. Their complexity varies based on the algorithm used.

• Sorting algorithms include bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, quick sort, and heap sort.

• The complexity of sorting algorithms is measured in terms of time complexity and space complexity.

• Time complexity refers to the amount of time it takes for an algorithm to complete its task, while space complexity refers to the amount of memory required...read more

An IP address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to a computer network.

• IP stands for Internet Protocol

• It consists of a series of numbers separated by dots

• It identifies the location of a device on a network

• There are two types of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6

• Example of an IPv4 address: 192.168.0.1

• Example of an IPv6 address: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

The number of maternity clinics a new entrant should open in India depends on various factors such as population, demand, competition, and geographical distribution.

• Consider the population of women of childbearing age in different regions of India

• Analyze the existing maternity clinic facilities and their capacity in each region

• Assess the demand for maternity services in different areas based on birth rates and healthcare indicators

• Evaluate the competition from existing matern...read more

React has three lifecycle methods: Mounting, Updating, and Unmounting.

• Mounting: When a component is being inserted into the DOM. componentDidMount() is an example.

• Updating: When a component is being re-rendered. componentDidUpdate() is an example.

• Unmounting: When a component is being removed from the DOM. componentWillUnmount() is an example.

• I have implemented these methods in various projects, such as using componentDidMount() to fetch data from an API and componentDidUpdate...read more

Node is single threaded for simplicity and consistency. Multi-threading can be achieved through child processes or worker threads.

• Node's single thread model simplifies programming and avoids race conditions.

• Child processes can be used to run multiple instances of Node, each with its own thread.

• Worker threads can be used to create additional threads within a single Node process.

• Multi-threading can improve performance for CPU-bound tasks, but may not be necessary for I/O-bound ...read more

I stay updated with the latest technological trends by regularly reading tech blogs, attending conferences, and participating in online courses.

• Regularly reading tech blogs such as TechCrunch, Wired, and Mashable

• Attending conferences and workshops related to my field

• Participating in online courses and webinars to learn about new technologies

• Following industry influencers on social media platforms like Twitter and LinkedIn

TCP/IP model is a protocol used for data communication. It consists of four layers: application, transport, internet, and network access.

• Data is sent from the application layer to the transport layer where it is divided into segments.

• The internet layer adds IP addresses to the segments and sends them to the network access layer.

• The network access layer adds physical addresses and sends the data over the network.

• The process is reversed at the receiving end.

• Examples of TCP/IP p...read more

Difference between @Service and @Component

• Both are used for component scanning in Spring

• @Service is used for service layer classes

• @Component is used for general purpose beans

• Service layer classes contain business logic

• Examples of @Service: UserService, ProductService

• Examples of @Component: DAO, Utility classes

Used technology to solve a scheduling problem at work

• Developed a scheduling software using Python

• Integrated the software with the company's database

• Reduced scheduling errors by 50%

• Saved 2 hours of manual work per week

• Received positive feedback from colleagues and managers

ITR 1 & 4 notified form changes

• ITR 1 can now be filed by individuals who have deposited more than Rs. 1 crore in a current account or have spent more than Rs. 2 lakh on foreign travel

• ITR 4 has a new schedule for presumptive taxation for professionals

• Both forms have added a new field for taxpayers to disclose their investments made between April 1 and June 30, 2020

• ITR 4 has also added a new field for taxpayers to disclose their turnover from e-commerce platforms