80+ Assistant Engineer - Civil Interview Questions and Answers

I will investigate the cause of failure and take necessary actions.

• I will check if the cubes were properly cured and stored before testing.

• I will verify if the testing machine was calibrated and operated correctly.

• If the failure is due to poor quality of materials, I will reject the lot and order new ones.

• If the failure is due to improper construction practices, I will instruct the workers to rectify the issue.

• I will document the failure and report it to the project manager f...read more

Answering questions related to concrete mix, IS codes, cement setting time, clear cover, transition curve, supervisor elevation, pavement design, and beam cover.

• Mix ratio of concrete is the proportion of cement, sand, and aggregate used in the mixture.

• IS codes are Indian Standards codes that provide guidelines for construction materials and practices.

• Setting time of cement is the time taken by cement to harden and gain strength.

• Clear cover is the distance between the surface ...read more

In the previous project, we used structural steel for the construction of the building.

• Structural steel was used for its high strength and durability.

• It was used in the construction of beams, columns, and other load-bearing elements.

• The specific type of steel used may vary depending on the project requirements and design specifications.

• Examples of commonly used structural steels include ASTM A36, ASTM A572, and ASTM A992.

Water ratio in cement concrete mix is crucial for workability, strength, and durability of the concrete.

• Water ratio affects the workability of the concrete mix - too much water can make it too fluid and difficult to work with, while too little water can make it too stiff.

• The water-cement ratio also influences the strength and durability of the concrete - a lower water-cement ratio generally results in higher strength and durability.

• Maintaining the water ratio involves accurat...read more

Acceptance criteria for compressive strength in civil engineering

• Compressive strength is the ability of a material to withstand compressive loads

• Acceptance criteria for compressive strength is determined by the design specifications and standards

• The compressive strength of concrete is typically measured in pounds per square inch (psi)

• The acceptance criteria for compressive strength of concrete varies depending on the type of structure and its intended use

Standard size of bricks is 190mm x 90mm x 90mm and tests are conducted by the quality control team at the work site.

• Standard size of bricks is 190mm x 90mm x 90mm.

• Tests are conducted by the quality control team at the work site to ensure the bricks meet the required standards.

• Tests may include compressive strength test, water absorption test, efflorescence test, etc.

• Quality control team may also check for dimensions, shape, color, and texture of the bricks.

Hydration process is the chemical reaction between cement and water which results in the hardening of concrete.

• Hydration process starts as soon as water is added to cement.

• The reaction produces heat and causes the mixture to harden and gain strength.

• The process continues for weeks and even months, resulting in a stronger and more durable concrete.

• The amount of water used in the mixture affects the hydration process and the strength of the final product.

• Proper curing is necess...read more

The density of cement varies depending on the type of cement used.

• The density of ordinary Portland cement is around 1440 kg/m³.

• The density of white cement is around 1300 kg/m³.

• The density of rapid hardening cement is around 1250 kg/m³.

• The density of low heat cement is around 1200 kg/m³.

• The density of high alumina cement is around 1400 kg/m³.

Standard thickness of inner and outer plaster in buildings varies depending on the type of construction and location.

• Standard thickness of inner plaster is usually around 12mm to 15mm.

• Standard thickness of outer plaster is typically around 20mm to 25mm.

• Thickness may vary based on factors such as building material, climate, and structural requirements.

• In earthquake-prone areas, thicker plaster may be used for added strength and stability.

Boulder toe, toe drains, and horizontal filter are provided in earthen dams to enhance stability and prevent erosion.

• Boulder toe is placed at the base of the dam to protect against erosion from water flow.

• Toe drains help in lowering the water table near the downstream toe of the dam, reducing uplift pressure.

• Horizontal filters are used to prevent piping within the dam structure by allowing water to flow through while retaining soil particles.

BBS stands for Bar Bending Schedule. Weight of a bar can be calculated using the formula: Weight = (D^2/162) * L, where D is diameter of bar in mm and L is length of bar in meters.

• BBS stands for Bar Bending Schedule

• Weight of a bar can be calculated using the formula: Weight = (D^2/162) * L

• D is diameter of bar in mm

• L is length of bar in meters

GTS and TBM benchmarks are both used in surveying, but GTS benchmarks are fixed points established by the government, while TBM benchmarks are temporary points set by the surveyor.

• GTS benchmarks are permanent and established by the government for accurate and consistent surveying measurements.

• TBM benchmarks are temporary and set by the surveyor for a specific project or survey.

• GTS benchmarks are typically more accurate and reliable due to their fixed nature.

• TBM benchmarks may...read more

Nominal mix is a rough estimate of proportions while design mix is a precise mix of ingredients.

• Nominal mix is used for small construction projects while design mix is used for large projects.

• Nominal mix is not as accurate as design mix.

• Nominal mix uses volume batching while design mix uses weight batching.

• Nominal mix is cheaper than design mix.

• Example of nominal mix: 1:2:4 (cement:sand:aggregate)

• Example of design mix: M20 (1:1.5:3) (cement:sand:aggregate)

The engineering field exists to solve complex problems and improve the quality of life through innovation and technological advancements.

• Engineering is essential for designing and constructing infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, roads, and dams.

• Engineers develop new technologies and improve existing ones to enhance efficiency and productivity in various industries.

• The field of engineering plays a crucial role in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustain...read more

Terzaghi's theory is a fundamental concept in geotechnical engineering that relates to soil mechanics and foundation design.

• Terzaghi's theory states that the shear strength of soil is a function of effective stress.

• It is used to analyze the stability of slopes, bearing capacity of foundations, and settlement of structures.

• The theory helps in determining the safe load-bearing capacity of soil and designing foundations accordingly.

• Terzaghi's theory is essential in geotechnical ...read more

To check a window, inspect its frame, glass, and hardware for any damage or wear.

• Check the frame for cracks or warping

• Inspect the glass for chips, cracks, or fogging

• Test the hardware to ensure it opens and closes smoothly

• Check for any gaps or drafts around the window

• Look for signs of water damage or mold

• Consider the age and condition of the window

• Consult a professional if unsure about any issues

We use grade 40 concrete for our site construction.

• Grade 40 concrete is commonly used for structural applications in construction.

• It has a compressive strength of 40 megapascals (MPa) after 28 days of curing.

• Grade 40 concrete is suitable for various construction projects such as buildings, bridges, and pavements.

Nominal mix is a pre-defined mix ratio while design mix is a mix ratio calculated based on specific requirements.

• Nominal mix uses pre-determined ratios like 1:2:4 for concrete, while design mix is calculated based on specific requirements like strength and durability.

• Design mix involves testing of materials to determine the optimal mix ratio, while nominal mix does not require such testing.

• Design mix is more precise and ensures better quality and strength of the concrete comp...read more

I have completed substation projects up to 220 kV.

• I have experience in completing substation projects up to 220 kV.

• I have successfully completed multiple substation projects ranging from 33 kV to 220 kV.

• I am familiar with the design and construction requirements of substation projects up to 220 kV.

• I have worked on substation projects involving transformers, switchgear, and control systems up to 220 kV.

Reinforcement can be checked by visual inspection, measuring diameter, spacing, and cover, and using non-destructive testing methods.

• Visual inspection for any visible damage or corrosion

• Measuring diameter of reinforcement bars using a caliper or micrometer

• Measuring spacing between reinforcement bars using a tape measure

• Measuring cover using a cover meter

• Using non-destructive testing methods such as ultrasonic testing or radiography to check for any hidden defects

Yes, DPC (damp proof course) is required in boundary walls to prevent rising damp.

• DPC is necessary to prevent moisture from rising up through the walls.

• It helps in protecting the structure from dampness and water penetration.

• Common materials used for DPC include bitumen, plastic sheets, and chemical compounds.

• Proper installation of DPC is essential to ensure its effectiveness in preventing dampness.

Typically, 6-7 bags of cement are used in one cubic meter of concrete.

• The amount of cement needed can vary depending on the mix design and application.

• A common ratio for concrete is 1:2:4, which means 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, and 4 parts gravel.

• For a 1 cubic meter of concrete with a 1:2:4 ratio, around 6-7 bags of cement are usually used.

The quantity of concrete needed for one time concreting depends on the volume of the area to be concreted.

• The quantity of concrete needed is calculated by multiplying the volume of the area to be concreted by the density of concrete.

• For example, if the volume of the area is 100 cubic meters and the density of concrete is 2400 kg/m^3, then the quantity of concrete needed would be 240,000 kg or 240 metric tons.

• Factors such as the thickness of the concrete layer and any reinforc...read more

FRL stands for Full Reservoir Level and MWL stands for Maximum Water Level. FRL is the maximum level up to which a reservoir can be filled, while MWL is the highest level water can reach during a flood event.

• FRL is the maximum level up to which a reservoir can be filled under normal operating conditions.

• MWL is the highest level that water can reach during a flood event or extreme weather conditions.

• FRL is determined based on the design of the reservoir and its intended purpos...read more

Balancing depth in canal refers to maintaining a uniform depth of water throughout the canal to ensure proper flow and prevent flooding.

• Balancing depth is achieved by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the canal to match the required flow rate.

• It involves designing the canal with the appropriate slope and dimensions to prevent water from pooling or flowing too quickly.

• Proper balancing depth helps in efficient water distribution for irrigation or navigation purposes.

• Example...read more

The number of bricks in one cubic metre depends on the size of the bricks being used.

• The number of bricks in one cubic metre will vary based on the dimensions of the bricks.

• Standard size bricks (230mm x 110mm x 76mm) will require approximately 500 bricks to make up one cubic metre.

• Larger or smaller bricks will result in a different quantity needed to fill one cubic metre.

Water is added to concrete mixer to make the mixture more workable and to achieve the desired consistency.

• Water is added to hydrate the cement and activate the chemical reaction that causes it to harden

• The amount of water added affects the strength and durability of the concrete

• Too much water can weaken the concrete and cause cracking

• The water should be added gradually and mixed thoroughly to ensure even distribution

• Other additives such as admixtures may also be added to impr...read more

VDF stands for Vacuum Dewatered Flooring and IPS stands for Indian Patent Stone. They are both types of flooring used in construction.

• VDF is a type of concrete flooring that is highly durable and has a smooth finish.

• IPS is a type of flooring made by mixing cement, marble powder, and color pigments.

• VDF is commonly used in industrial and commercial buildings, while IPS is used in residential and commercial buildings.

• VDF is more expensive than IPS, but it is also more durable an...read more

Design mix and BBS are important aspects of column construction.

• Design mix refers to the proportion of materials used in the concrete mix for the column.

• BBS or Bar Bending Schedule is a document that specifies the number, size, and shape of the reinforcement bars to be used in the column.

• Design mix and BBS are crucial for ensuring the strength and durability of the column.

• For example, a typical design mix for a column may be 1:2:4 (cement:sand:aggregate) and the BBS may speci...read more

Carpet area of a building can be calculated by measuring the inner dimensions of the building excluding the walls.

• Measure the length and width of each room in the building

• Exclude the thickness of walls from the measurements

• Calculate the area of each room by multiplying length and width

• Sum up the areas of all rooms to get the total carpet area of the building

The density of steel is around 7.85 g/cm³.

• Steel density is the mass per unit volume of steel.

• It is measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).

• The density of steel varies depending on its composition and properties.

• The density of mild steel is around 7.85 g/cm³.

• The density of stainless steel is around 7.9 g/cm³.

• The density of high carbon steel is around 7.8 g/cm³.

The carriage way width of a four-lane road is typically around 7 meters.

• Carriage way width is the total width of the road available for vehicles to travel in one direction.

• For a four-lane road, the carriage way width is usually divided equally among the lanes.

• In this case, each lane would have a width of approximately 1.75 meters.

• The total width of the road including all lanes and any additional features like shoulders or medians is typically around 7 meters.

Slab steel reinforcement typically uses 8mm to 16mm diameter bars.

• Slab steel reinforcement typically uses bars ranging from 8mm to 16mm in diameter

• The choice of diameter depends on the span, load, and design requirements of the slab

• Thicker bars are used for heavier loads and longer spans, while thinner bars are used for lighter loads and shorter spans

Shear and bending moment diagrams show the variation of internal forces along a beam.

• Shear diagram shows the variation of shear force along the length of the beam.

• Bending moment diagram shows the variation of bending moment along the length of the beam.

• Shear force changes sign at point of concentrated load or reaction.

• Bending moment is zero at points of concentrated load or reaction.

Self compacting concrete is a type of concrete that does not require vibration or compaction during placement.

• Contains high flowability and segregation resistance

• Achieves full compaction purely through its own weight and without the need for mechanical vibration

• Ideal for complex structures with congested reinforcement or in areas with limited access

• Reduces labor costs and construction time

• Examples include SCC mixtures with high fines content like fly ash or silica fume

Estimation of quantity is a crucial aspect of civil engineering projects.

• Estimation of quantity involves calculating the amount of materials required for a project.

• It is important to consider factors such as wastage, transportation, and storage when estimating quantities.

• Various methods such as approximate quantities, detailed estimates, and cubic rate estimates can be used for estimation.

• Software tools such as AutoCAD and Excel can also be used for accurate estimation.

• Regula...read more

FFL - Finished Floor Level, TOC - Top of Concrete, Auto Level - A surveying instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical levels.

• FFL is the final level of a floor after all construction work is completed.

• TOC is the highest point of a concrete surface.

• Auto Level is a surveying instrument that uses a telescope and a spirit level to measure horizontal and vertical levels.

• FFL and TOC are important in construction to ensure accuracy and levelness of surfaces.

• Auto Level is ...read more

Construction work can be managed effectively by proper planning, communication, supervision, and coordination.

• Create a detailed project plan outlining tasks, timelines, and resources.

• Communicate clearly with all stakeholders including clients, contractors, and workers.

• Supervise work progress regularly to ensure quality and safety standards are met.

• Coordinate with different teams and departments to avoid delays and conflicts.

• Use technology and tools like project management sof...read more

Curing is the process of keeping concrete moist to allow it to develop its strength and durability.

• Curing helps to prevent the loss of moisture from the concrete which is essential for the chemical reaction to occur and for the concrete to gain strength.

• It also helps to prevent cracking and shrinkage of the concrete due to rapid drying.

• Curing can be done by various methods such as spraying water, covering with wet burlap or plastic sheets, or applying curing compounds.

• The dur...read more

The grade of concrete determines its compressive strength.

• The grade of concrete is denoted by a number, such as M20 or M30.

• The compressive strength of concrete is measured in megapascals (MPa).

• The higher the grade of concrete, the higher its compressive strength.

• For example, M20 grade concrete has a compressive strength of 20 MPa.

• Bricks do not have a specific compressive strength grade like concrete.

Grade of M-20 concrete is a commonly used grade of concrete in construction projects.

• M-20 concrete has a compressive strength of 20 megapascals (MPa) after 28 days of curing.

• It is a mix of cement, sand, and coarse aggregates in the ratio of 1:1.5:3.

• M-20 concrete is suitable for non-structural components like foundations, floor slabs, etc.

• It provides good workability and durability.

• Example: M-20 concrete mix contains 1 part cement, 1.5 parts sand, and 3 parts coarse aggregates...read more

HDPE IS code refers to the Indian Standard code for High Density Polyethylene.

• HDPE IS code stands for Indian Standard code for High Density Polyethylene.

• The IS code for HDPE is IS 4984:1995.

• It specifies the requirements for high-density polyethylene pipes for use in water supply, irrigation, and sewerage.

The cost of 1cum concrete work depends on various factors such as the type of concrete, location, labor cost, etc.

• The cost of 1cum concrete work varies depending on the type of concrete used, such as M20, M25, etc.

• The location of the construction site also affects the cost of concrete work.

• The cost of labor is another factor that affects the cost of concrete work.

• Additional costs such as transportation, taxes, and permits may also be included in the total cost.

• For example, th...read more

w/c ratio stands for water-cement ratio, it is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix.

• w/c ratio is a crucial factor in determining the strength and durability of concrete.

• A lower w/c ratio indicates a stronger and more durable concrete mix.

• The w/c ratio should be carefully controlled to achieve the desired concrete properties.

• For example, a w/c ratio of 0.5 means that for every 1 kg of cement used, 0.5 kg of water is added.

Deduction rules for plastering in civil engineering

• Deductions are made for openings like doors and windows

• Deductions are made for thickness of plaster

• Deductions are made for uneven surfaces

• Deductions are made for wastage of material

• Deductions are made for scaffolding

• Example: If the area to be plastered is 100 sq. ft. and the area of openings is 20 sq. ft., then the net area for plastering will be 80 sq. ft.

Ductility is the ability of a material to deform under tensile stress without breaking. HYSD bars have high ductility due to their composition.

• Ductility is a property of steel that allows it to be stretched without breaking.

• HYSD bars are high yield strength deformed bars that have high ductility due to their composition.

• Ductility is important in construction as it allows structures to withstand stress and deformation without collapsing.

• HYSD bars are commonly used in reinforce...read more

The project cost varies depending on the scope, size, materials, labor, and other factors involved.

• Project cost is determined by factors such as materials, labor, equipment, permits, and overhead expenses.

• Cost estimates are typically prepared during the planning phase and may be adjusted as the project progresses.

• Examples of project costs include construction materials, equipment rental, labor wages, permits, and consultant fees.