Ai Ml Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Updated 24 Dec 2024

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Q1. Explain Projects, What is View, union vs union all, how we maintain referential integrity, Types of Triggers in SQL, Where and Having clause?

Ans.

Answering questions related to SQL concepts and syntax.

Projects in SQL refer to selecting specific columns from a table.
View in SQL is a virtual table created by a query.
Union combines the results of two or more SELECT statements, while Union All includes duplicates.
Referential integrity is maintained through foreign key constraints.
Types of triggers in SQL include DML triggers and DDL triggers.
Where clause is used to filter rows based on a specified condition, while Having c...read more

Q2. Given an array of integers, return the two numbers that add up to a given target Eg: ip: nums=[5,2,3] , target=8 output=[5,3]

Ans.

Use a hashmap to store the difference between target and each element, then check if the current element exists in the hashmap.

Create a hashmap to store the difference between target and each element in the array.
Iterate through the array and check if the current element exists in the hashmap.
Return the pair of numbers that add up to the target.

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Q3. What is Transformer? What is Multi Head Attention? Positional Encoding?

Ans.

Transformer is a deep learning model that uses self-attention mechanism. Multi Head Attention is a variant of attention mechanism. Positional Encoding is used to inject information about the position of tokens in the sequence.

Transformer is a deep learning model introduced in the paper 'Attention is All You Need' by Vaswani et al.
Multi Head Attention allows the model to focus on different parts of the input sequence simultaneously.
Positional Encoding is added to the input emb...read more

Q4. what is RAG? how we retrieve data from Vector DB

Ans.

RAG stands for Retrieve, Aggregate, and Group. Data can be retrieved from Vector DB using SQL queries.

RAG is a process used to retrieve, aggregate, and group data from a database.
SQL queries are commonly used to retrieve data from Vector DB.
Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition;

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Q5. Count the frequency of each element in a list

Ans.

Count the frequency of each element in a list

Iterate through the list and use a dictionary to store the count of each element
If the element is already in the dictionary, increment its count by 1
Return the dictionary with element frequencies

Q6. What OCR tools you have used?

Ans.

I have used Tesseract, Google Cloud Vision, and Amazon Textract for OCR tasks.

Tesseract is an open-source OCR engine that I have used for various projects.
Google Cloud Vision API provides powerful OCR capabilities and integration with other Google services.
Amazon Textract is a machine learning-based OCR service that I have used for extracting text from scanned documents.

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Q7. Reverse the array without using methods

Ans.

Reverse an array of strings without using methods

Create two pointers, one at the start and one at the end of the array
Swap the elements at the two pointers and move them towards the center until they meet
Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] -> ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']

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Q8. What is the P value?

Ans.

The P value is a statistical measure that helps determine the significance of results in hypothesis testing.

P value is the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
A small P value (typically ≤ 0.05) indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its rejection.
A large P value (> 0.05) suggests weak evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its acceptance.
P values help researcher...read more