Wipro Network Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

BGP is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks.

• BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol.

• It is used to connect different autonomous systems (AS) on the internet.

• BGP uses path vector routing to determine the best path for data to travel.

• BGP attributes include AS path, next hop, local preference, and origin.

• AS path is a list of AS numbers that the route has passed through.

• Next hop ...read more

OSPF is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between routers in a network.

• OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path First

• It is a link-state routing protocol

• OSPF uses LSAs (Link State Advertisements) to exchange routing information

• There are 5 types of LSAs: Router LSA, Network LSA, Summary LSA, ASBR Summary LSA, and External LSA

• Each LSA type serves a different purpose in the OSPF network

• OSPF is commonly used

Static routes are manually configured while default routes are used when no other route is available.

• Static routes are manually configured by the network administrator

• Default routes are used when no other route is available

• Static routes have a higher priority than default routes

• Static routes are more specific than default routes

• Example: ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1

• Example: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0

RT stands for Route Target and RD stands for Route Distinguisher.

• RT is used in MPLS VPN to identify which VPN a particular packet belongs to.

• RD is used to distinguish between identical routes learned from different VRFs.

• RT is a 64-bit value and RD is a 64-bit value or a combination of 32-bit AS number and 32-bit identifier.

• Example: RT can be used to route traffic from a specific VPN to a specific service provider.

• Examp...read more

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is a network protocol that prevents loops in Ethernet networks. It elects a root bridge to manage the network.

• STP is a network protocol used to prevent loops in Ethernet networks.

• It works by creating a loop-free logical topology by blocking redundant paths.

• STP elects a root bridge, which becomes the central point of the network.

• The root bridge is the bridge with the lowest bridge ID.

• STP use...read more

VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. It is a logical grouping of devices on a network based on function, department or application.

• VLANs allow for better network management and security by separating traffic into different broadcast domains.

• Devices in different VLANs cannot communicate with each other without a router or layer 3 switch.

• VLANs can be configured based on port, MAC address or protocol.

• Example: VLAN ...read more

BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol. It is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks.

• BGP is used in large-scale networks such as the internet.

• It is a path-vector protocol that selects the best path for data to travel between networks.

• BGP uses TCP port 179 for communication.

• It is used to connect different autonomous systems (AS) together.

• BGP is used to prevent routing loops an...read more

The subnet mask for CIDR /29 is 255.255.255.248.

• CIDR /29 means 29 bits are used for the network portion and 3 bits for the host portion.

• To calculate the subnet mask, convert the 29 network bits to 1s and add 3 0s for the host bits.

• The result is 255.255.255.248 in dotted decimal notation.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used to determine the best path for data to travel in a network.

• OSPF is a link-state protocol that uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path between two points.

• It is used in large enterprise networks and is designed to scale well.

• OSPF routers exchange information about their connected networks and use this information to build a topology map of the ne...read more

VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. It is a logical grouping of devices on a network based on function, department or application.

• VLANs allow network administrators to segment a network into smaller, more manageable groups.

• Devices in a VLAN can communicate with each other as if they were on the same physical network, even if they are physically located on different switches.

• VLANs can improve network security by...read more

ABR router stands for Area Border Router, which connects multiple areas in a OSPF network.

• ABR router is used in OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol.

• It connects multiple areas in a network and acts as a gateway between them.

• ABR router maintains separate link-state databases for each area it connects.

• It summarizes the routing information between areas to reduce the size of the routing table.

• Example: In a company net...read more

Private IP addresses ranges are reserved for internal networks and not routable on the internet.

• Private IP addresses are used within a local network and are not accessible from the internet

• There are three ranges of private IP addresses: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

• Private IP addresses are commonly used in home and office networks to allow devices to communica