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Wipro Infrastructure Engineering Interview Questions and Answers
91 Interview questions
Schema validation in MongoDB ensures data integrity and consistency using various methods and tools.
Use Mongoose for schema definition: Mongoose allows you to define schemas with validation rules. Example: const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: { type: String, required: true } });
Implement JSON Schema validation: MongoDB supports JSON Schema for validation. Example: db.createCollection('users', { validator...
Indexes in MongoDB enhance query performance by allowing faster data retrieval.
Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations.
They work similarly to an index in a book, allowing quick access to specific data.
MongoDB supports various types of indexes, including single field, compound, and geospatial indexes.
For example, a single field index on 'username' allows quick searches for us...
Routing in Express and Flask involves defining endpoints to handle requests and responses effectively.
In Express, use 'app.get()', 'app.post()', etc., to define routes. Example: app.get('/users', (req, res) => { ... });
Flask uses decorators to define routes. Example: @app.route('/users', methods=['GET']) def get_users(): ...
Organize routes in separate files for maintainability. In Express, use 'express.Router()...
I utilize various techniques like code splitting, caching, and optimizing assets to enhance application performance.
Code Splitting: Load only necessary JavaScript for the current view, improving initial load time. Example: Using React's lazy loading.
Caching: Implement browser caching and server-side caching to reduce load times. Example: Using Redis for caching API responses.
Image Optimization: Compress images and...
The CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements, including content, padding, border, and margin.
Content: The innermost part where text and images appear. Example: width and height properties define the size.
Padding: Space between the content and the border. Example: padding: 10px adds space around the content.
Border: A line surrounding the padding (if any) and content. Example: border: 1px...
I implement various security measures to protect applications from vulnerabilities and attacks.
Use HTTPS to encrypt data in transit, preventing eavesdropping.
Implement input validation to prevent SQL injection and XSS attacks.
Utilize authentication and authorization mechanisms, such as OAuth2.
Regularly update dependencies to patch known vulnerabilities.
Conduct security audits and penetration testing to identify we...
Managing state in a full-stack application involves techniques for both client-side and server-side data handling.
Use React's useState and useEffect hooks for local component state management.
Implement Redux or Context API for global state management in React applications.
On the server side, use session management (e.g., Express sessions) to maintain user state.
Utilize databases (e.g., MongoDB, PostgreSQL) to pers...
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are compact, URL-safe tokens used for secure information exchange between parties.
JWTs consist of three parts: Header, Payload, and Signature.
Header typically contains the type of token (JWT) and the signing algorithm (e.g., HMAC SHA256).
Payload contains claims, which are statements about an entity (usually the user) and additional data.
Signature is created by combining the encoded header, en...
Middleware in Express.js processes requests and responses, enabling functionalities like logging, authentication, and error handling.
Middleware functions are functions that have access to the request, response, and next middleware function.
They can modify the request and response objects, end the request-response cycle, or call the next middleware function.
Common use cases include logging requests, parsing request...
The virtual DOM in React optimizes rendering by minimizing direct manipulation of the actual DOM, enhancing performance.
The virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, allowing React to manage changes efficiently.
When a component's state changes, React creates a new virtual DOM tree and compares it with the previous one using a process called 'reconciliation'.
Only the differences (or 'diffs') between the ...
Wipro Infrastructure Engineering Interview Experiences
57 interviews found
Anonymous
Selected
I appeared for an interview in May 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
- Q1. How does the virtual DOM function in React?
- Ans.
The virtual DOM in React optimizes rendering by minimizing direct manipulation of the actual DOM, enhancing performance.
The virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, allowing React to manage changes efficiently.
When a component's state changes, React creates a new virtual DOM tree and compares it with the previous one using a process called 'reconciliation'.
Only the differences (or 'diffs') between the old a...
- Q2. How do you manage routing in Express or Flask?
- Ans.
Routing in Express and Flask involves defining URL patterns and associating them with specific functions to handle requests.
In Express, use 'app.get()', 'app.post()', etc., to define routes. Example: app.get('/users', (req, res) => { ... });
Flask uses the '@app.route()' decorator to define routes. Example: @app.route('/users', methods=['GET']) def get_users(): ...
Both frameworks support route parameters. Example in ...
- Q3. What performance optimization techniques do you employ?
- Ans.
I utilize various techniques like code splitting, caching, and optimizing assets to enhance application performance.
Code Splitting: Load only necessary JavaScript for the current view, improving initial load time. Example: Using React's lazy loading.
Caching: Implement browser caching and server-side caching to reduce load times. Example: Using Redis for caching API responses.
Image Optimization: Compress images and use ...
- Q4. Can you describe a specific instance when you faced a challenge during a team project?
- Ans.
Faced a challenge with team communication during a project, leading to delays and misalignment on tasks.
Team members were using different tools for communication, causing confusion.
I initiated a daily stand-up meeting to align everyone's tasks and progress.
Implemented a shared project management tool (like Trello) to track tasks.
Encouraged open feedback sessions to address any issues promptly.
- Q5. What measures do you take to ensure security in a full stack application?
- Ans.
Implementing security measures in full stack applications is crucial to protect data and maintain user trust.
Use HTTPS to encrypt data in transit, preventing eavesdropping.
Implement authentication and authorization using JWT or OAuth.
Sanitize user inputs to prevent SQL injection and XSS attacks.
Regularly update dependencies to patch known vulnerabilities.
Use environment variables to manage sensitive information like AP...
- Q6. What are your approaches to handling routing in Express or Flask?
- Ans.
Routing in Express and Flask involves defining endpoints to handle requests and responses effectively.
In Express, use 'app.get()', 'app.post()', etc., to define routes. Example: app.get('/users', (req, res) => { ... });
Flask uses decorators to define routes. Example: @app.route('/users', methods=['GET']) def get_users(): ...
Organize routes in separate files for maintainability. In Express, use 'express.Router()' to ...
- Q7. How do the frontend and backend components of an application communicate with each other?
- Ans.
Frontend and backend communicate via APIs, protocols, and data formats to exchange information and perform actions.
1. RESTful APIs: Frontend makes HTTP requests to backend endpoints (e.g., GET, POST) to retrieve or send data.
2. GraphQL: A query language for APIs that allows clients to request specific data, reducing over-fetching.
3. WebSockets: Enables real-time communication between frontend and backend, useful for ch...
- Q8. What are the steps to perform CRUD operations in MongoDB?
- Ans.
CRUD operations in MongoDB involve creating, reading, updating, and deleting documents in a collection.
1. Create: Use `db.collection.insertOne()` or `db.collection.insertMany()` to add documents. Example: `db.users.insertOne({ name: 'John', age: 30 })`.
2. Read: Use `db.collection.find()` to retrieve documents. Example: `db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 25 } })`.
3. Update: Use `db.collection.updateOne()` or `db.collection.up...
- Q9. How does MongoDB manage the storage of data?
- Ans.
MongoDB uses a flexible document model and a binary format for efficient data storage and retrieval.
Data is stored in BSON format, which is a binary representation of JSON-like documents.
Documents are organized into collections, allowing for dynamic schemas.
MongoDB uses a storage engine (like WiredTiger) that supports compression and efficient data access.
Indexes can be created on fields to improve query performance, e...
- Q10. How do you manage form validation in HTML and React?
- Ans.
Form validation in HTML and React ensures user input is correct and enhances user experience.
HTML5 provides built-in validation attributes like 'required', 'minlength', and 'pattern'. Example: <input type='text' required />.
In React, manage form state using 'useState' for controlled components. Example: const [name, setName] = useState('');
Use 'onChange' event to validate input in real-time. Example: <input va...
- Q11. What are indexes in MongoDB, and why are they significant?
- Ans.
Indexes in MongoDB enhance query performance by allowing faster data retrieval.
Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations.
They work similarly to an index in a book, allowing quick access to specific data.
MongoDB supports various types of indexes, including single field, compound, and geospatial indexes.
For example, a single field index on 'username' allows quick searches for users b...
- Q12. What is the MERN stack, and can you explain each component?
- Ans.
The MERN stack is a JavaScript-based framework for building web applications using MongoDB, Express.js, React, and Node.js.
MongoDB: A NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents. Example: Storing user profiles.
Express.js: A web application framework for Node.js that simplifies server-side development. Example: Creating RESTful APIs.
React: A front-end library for building user interfaces, allowing f...
- Q13. What tools do you personally use for version control and deployment?
- Ans.
I use Git for version control and CI/CD tools like Jenkins and Docker for deployment, ensuring efficient collaboration and automation.
Git: A distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously.
GitHub: A platform for hosting Git repositories, enabling collaboration and code review.
Jenkins: An open-source automation server that helps automate the deployment process throu...
- Q14. What is Mongoose, and what are its uses?
- Ans.
Mongoose is an ODM library for MongoDB and Node.js, simplifying data modeling and validation.
Mongoose provides a schema-based solution to model application data.
It allows for easy validation of data before saving it to the database.
Mongoose supports middleware, enabling pre and post hooks for operations like save and remove.
Example: Defining a schema for a user model with fields like name and email.
Mongoose enables que...
- Q15. What are indexes in MongoDB, and why are they considered important?
- Ans.
Indexes in MongoDB enhance query performance by allowing faster data retrieval.
Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations.
They work similarly to an index in a book, allowing quick access to specific data.
MongoDB supports various types of indexes, including single field, compound, and geospatial indexes.
For example, creating an index on a 'username' field allows faster searches for u...
- Q16. What are the differences between SQL and NoSQL databases?
- Ans.
SQL databases are structured and relational, while NoSQL databases are flexible and non-relational.
SQL databases use structured query language (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL).
NoSQL databases are schema-less and can store unstructured data (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra).
SQL databases are ideal for complex queries and transactions.
NoSQL databases excel in scalability and handling large volumes of data.
SQL databases enforce ACID pr...
- Q17. What are the differences between REST and GraphQL APIs?
- Ans.
REST and GraphQL are two different approaches for building APIs, each with unique characteristics and use cases.
REST uses fixed endpoints for resources, while GraphQL uses a single endpoint for all queries.
In REST, the server defines the structure of responses, whereas in GraphQL, clients specify the structure of the response they need.
REST typically returns a fixed data structure, which can lead to over-fetching or un...
- Q18. What is your approach to handling authentication and authorization?
- Ans.
I implement secure authentication and authorization using tokens, role-based access, and best practices for data protection.
Use JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for stateless authentication, allowing users to log in and receive a token for subsequent requests.
Implement OAuth 2.0 for third-party authentication, enabling users to log in using services like Google or Facebook.
Utilize role-based access control (RBAC) to define user r...
- Q19. What is the role of middleware in Express.js?
- Ans.
Middleware in Express.js processes requests and responses, enabling functionalities like logging, authentication, and error handling.
Middleware functions are functions that have access to the request, response, and next middleware function.
They can modify the request and response objects, end the request-response cycle, or call the next middleware function.
Common use cases include logging requests, parsing request bodi...
- Q20. What are the differences between synchronous and asynchronous programming?
- Ans.
Synchronous programming executes tasks sequentially, while asynchronous programming allows tasks to run concurrently, improving efficiency.
Synchronous programming blocks execution until a task completes, e.g., reading a file.
Asynchronous programming allows other tasks to run while waiting, e.g., fetching data from an API.
In synchronous code, functions return results immediately; in asynchronous code, they return promis...
- Q21. Explain the box model in CSS.
- Ans.
The CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements, including content, padding, border, and margin.
Content: The innermost part where text and images appear. Example: width and height properties define the size.
Padding: Space between the content and the border. Example: padding: 10px adds space around the content.
Border: A line surrounding the padding (if any) and content. Example: border: 1px soli...
- Q22. What are promises and async/await?
- Ans.
Promises and async/await are JavaScript features for handling asynchronous operations more effectively.
A promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.
Promises have three states: pending, fulfilled, and rejected.
Example of a promise: const myPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { /* async code */ });
Async/await is syntactic sugar built on top of promises, mak...
- Q23. What are media queries and how do you use them for responsive design?
- Ans.
Media queries are CSS techniques that enable responsive design by applying styles based on device characteristics.
Media queries allow you to apply different styles for different screen sizes.
Example: `@media (max-width: 600px) { body { background-color: lightblue; } }`
They can target various features like width, height, orientation, and resolution.
Example: `@media (orientation: portrait) { /* styles for portrait mode *...
- Q24. What is the difference between var, let, and const in JavaScript?v
- Ans.
var, let, and const are used for variable declaration in JavaScript, differing in scope, hoisting, and mutability.
var is function-scoped or globally scoped, while let and const are block-scoped.
let allows variable reassignment, whereas const does not allow reassignment after declaration.
Variables declared with var are hoisted, meaning they can be used before their declaration, while let and const are not hoisted in the...
- Q25. What methods do you use to test your full stack application?
- Ans.
I employ various testing methods including unit, integration, and end-to-end testing to ensure application reliability and performance.
Unit Testing: Testing individual components, e.g., using Jest for React components.
Integration Testing: Ensuring different modules work together, e.g., using Mocha to test API endpoints.
End-to-End Testing: Simulating user interactions, e.g., using Cypress to test the entire user flow.
Pe...
- Q26. What are some common security vulnerabilities found in web applications?
- Ans.
Web applications face various security vulnerabilities that can compromise data integrity and user privacy.
SQL Injection: Attackers can manipulate SQL queries to access or modify database data. Example: 'OR 1=1' in a login form.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Malicious scripts are injected into web pages viewed by users. Example: A comment section allowing HTML input.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Users are tricked int...
- Q27. How do you approach performance optimization in both frontend and backend development?
- Ans.
I optimize performance by analyzing bottlenecks, using efficient algorithms, and leveraging caching strategies in both frontend and backend.
Use lazy loading for images and components to reduce initial load time.
Implement code splitting in frontend frameworks like React to load only necessary code.
Optimize database queries by using indexing and avoiding N+1 query problems.
Utilize server-side caching (e.g., Redis) to red...
- Q28. How do you manage state in a full-stack application?
- Ans.
Managing state in a full-stack application involves techniques for both client-side and server-side data handling.
Use React's useState and useEffect hooks for local component state management.
Implement Redux or Context API for global state management in React applications.
On the server side, use session management (e.g., Express sessions) to maintain user state.
Utilize databases (e.g., MongoDB, PostgreSQL) to persist a...
- Q29. What are the differences between client-side rendering and server-side rendering?
- Ans.
Client-side rendering (CSR) loads content in the browser, while server-side rendering (SSR) generates HTML on the server.
CSR fetches data via APIs after the initial page load, e.g., React apps.
SSR sends fully rendered HTML to the client, improving SEO, e.g., Next.js.
CSR can lead to faster interactions after the initial load but may have slower first-page load times.
SSR can improve performance for users with slower devi...
- Q30. What measures do you take to ensure the security of your application?
- Ans.
I implement various security measures to protect applications from vulnerabilities and attacks.
Use HTTPS to encrypt data in transit, preventing eavesdropping.
Implement input validation to prevent SQL injection and XSS attacks.
Utilize authentication and authorization mechanisms, such as OAuth2.
Regularly update dependencies to patch known vulnerabilities.
Conduct security audits and penetration testing to identify weaknes...
- Q31. Can you describe a full-stack project you have worked on?
- Q32. What measures do you take to secure sensitive data in production applications?
- Ans.
Securing sensitive data involves encryption, access controls, and regular audits to protect against unauthorized access.
Use encryption for data at rest and in transit (e.g., AES for storage, TLS for communication).
Implement strong access controls and authentication mechanisms (e.g., OAuth, JWT).
Regularly update and patch software to mitigate vulnerabilities.
Conduct security audits and penetration testing to identify we...
- Q33. How do you utilize .env files to manage environment variables?
- Ans.
Utilizing .env files helps manage environment variables securely and efficiently in development and production environments.
Store sensitive information like API keys and database credentials in .env files to avoid hardcoding them in the source code.
Use a library like dotenv in Node.js to load environment variables from the .env file into process.env.
Example: In a .env file, you might have 'DB_HOST=localhost' and in you...
- Q34. What are Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD), and what is their significance?
- Ans.
CI/CD are practices that automate software development processes, enhancing code quality and deployment speed.
Continuous Integration (CI) involves automatically testing and merging code changes into a shared repository.
Continuous Deployment (CD) automates the release of code changes to production after passing tests.
CI/CD helps catch bugs early, reducing integration issues and improving collaboration among developers.
T...
- Q35. What are the steps involved in deploying a full-st
- Ans.
Deploying a full stack application involves several key steps from development to production.
1. Development: Build the application using front-end and back-end technologies (e.g., React for front-end, Node.js for back-end).
2. Testing: Conduct unit tests, integration tests, and user acceptance tests to ensure functionality and performance.
3. Build: Compile the application code and assets into a production-ready format (...
- Q36. What is version control, and how do you utilize Git in your projects?
- Ans.
Version control is a system that records changes to files, allowing collaboration and tracking of project history. Git is a popular tool for this.
Git allows multiple developers to work on the same project simultaneously without conflicts.
Using branches in Git, I can develop features independently, e.g., creating a 'feature/login' branch for a new login feature.
I utilize Git commands like 'commit' to save changes, 'push...
- Q37. What are the ACID properties in relational databases?
- Ans.
ACID properties ensure reliable processing of database transactions, maintaining data integrity and consistency.
Atomicity: Transactions are all-or-nothing. Example: If a bank transfer fails, no money is deducted or added.
Consistency: Transactions bring the database from one valid state to another. Example: A transaction must not violate any database rules.
Isolation: Transactions occur independently. Example: Two transa...
- Q38. What is aggregation in MongoDB, and how is it utilized?
- Ans.
Aggregation in MongoDB processes data records and returns computed results, enabling complex data analysis.
Aggregation framework allows for operations like filtering, grouping, and sorting data.
Common stages include $match (filtering), $group (grouping), and $sort (sorting).
Example: To find the total sales per product, use $group to sum sales by product ID.
Aggregation pipelines can be nested, allowing for advanced data...
- Q39. What methods do you use to handle database schema validation in MongoDB?
- Ans.
Schema validation in MongoDB ensures data integrity and consistency using various methods and tools.
Use Mongoose for schema definition: Mongoose allows you to define schemas with validation rules. Example: const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: { type: String, required: true } });
Implement JSON Schema validation: MongoDB supports JSON Schema for validation. Example: db.createCollection('users', { validator: { $...
- Q40. What are primary keys and foreign keys in the context of relational databases?
- Ans.
Primary keys uniquely identify records in a table, while foreign keys establish relationships between tables.
A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a table, e.g., 'user_id' in a 'Users' table.
A foreign key is a field that links to the primary key of another table, e.g., 'user_id' in an 'Orders' table referencing 'Users'.
Primary keys cannot contain NULL values and must be unique across the table.
Foreign ke...
- Q41. What are status codes in web development, and can you provide examples of the 200, 404, and 500 status codes?
- Ans.
Status codes indicate the result of an HTTP request, helping clients understand the response from the server.
200 OK: The request was successful, and the server returned the requested data.
404 Not Found: The server could not find the requested resource, indicating that the URL is incorrect or the resource is missing.
500 Internal Server Error: The server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilli...
- Q42. What are JSON Web Tokens (JWT), and what is their mechanism of operation?
- Ans.
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are compact, URL-safe tokens used for secure information exchange between parties.
JWTs consist of three parts: Header, Payload, and Signature.
Header typically contains the type of token (JWT) and the signing algorithm (e.g., HMAC SHA256).
Payload contains claims, which are statements about an entity (usually the user) and additional data.
Signature is created by combining the encoded header, encoded...
- Q43. How do you handle file uploads in Express.js?
- Ans.
Handle file uploads in Express.js using middleware like multer for easy processing and storage.
Use multer middleware to handle multipart/form-data, which is used for file uploads.
Install multer: `npm install multer`.
Set up multer in your Express app: `const multer = require('multer'); const upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' });`.
Create a route for file uploads: `app.post('/upload', upload.single('file'), (req, res) =&...
- Q44. What is the difference between the PUT and PATCH HTTP methods?
- Ans.
PUT replaces the entire resource, while PATCH updates only specific fields of a resource.
PUT is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests have the same effect as a single request.
PATCH is used for partial updates, allowing changes to specific fields without affecting the entire resource.
Example of PUT: Sending a complete user object to update a user profile.
Example of PATCH: Sending only the email field to update...
- Q45. What are RESTful APIs?
- Ans.
RESTful APIs are web services that follow REST principles, enabling communication between client and server using standard HTTP methods.
REST stands for Representational State Transfer, a software architectural style.
Uses standard HTTP methods: GET (retrieve), POST (create), PUT (update), DELETE (remove).
Resources are identified by URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers), e.g., /users/123.
Stateless interactions: each reques...
Interview Preparation Tips
Selected
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Jul 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
Asking backhual questions purpose and also my education subjects
(1 Question)
- Q1. Ask for sites how to down how to check how its up
- Ans.
To check if a site is down, use monitoring tools, ping tests, and check logs for errors.
Use network monitoring tools like Nagios or Zabbix to check site status.
Perform a ping test to the site's IP address to see if it's reachable.
Check server logs for any error messages or downtime reports.
Verify DNS settings to ensure the domain resolves correctly.
Use traceroute to identify where the connection fails.
Asking backhual questions purpose and also my education subjects
(1 Question)
- Q1. Ask for sites how to down how to check how its up
- Ans.
To check if a site is down, use monitoring tools, ping tests, and check logs for errors.
Use network monitoring tools like Nagios or Zabbix to check site status.
Perform a ping test to the site's IP address to see if it's reachable.
Check server logs for any error messages or downtime notifications.
Verify DNS settings to ensure the domain resolves correctly.
Use traceroute to identify where the connection fails.
Prateek Sharma
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed in Feb 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
(2 Questions)
- Q1. Working on esg overall
- Q2. Safety work cukture
(2 Questions)
- Q1. Ehs function in current plant
- Ans.
EHS function in current plant involves ensuring compliance with environmental, health, and safety regulations to protect employees and the environment.
Implementing and enforcing safety protocols and procedures
Conducting regular safety audits and inspections
Providing safety training to employees
Managing hazardous waste disposal
Investigating and addressing safety incidents
Collaborating with regulatory agencies
Developing ...
- Q2. How tonhandle.employees
- Ans.
Effective employee handling involves clear communication, support, and fostering a positive work environment.
Establish open communication channels to encourage feedback and concerns.
Provide regular training on EHS protocols to ensure safety awareness.
Implement a recognition program to reward employees for safe practices.
Conduct regular safety audits and involve employees in the process.
Create a supportive environment w...
Interview Preparation Tips
They are taking interview till final round & after selection HR Will give you verbal offer & They will hold you by saying you are selected & our system is taking time . After that they will release a new requirement at junior level or they will try for internal transfer of employees . After waiting 1 month when you will ask about the offer they will tell you that we will take more time so, that you can search or go if you have opportunity.
All these experience I faced at Jaipur location . No value of plant HR commitment. When you think you got selected here please keep a 2nd offer with you.
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed in Jan 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
(1 Question)
- Q1. Some technical question about your department
(1 Question)
- Q1. Hr round not good worst hr culture
(1 Question)
- Q1. About your self and wasting your time
Interview Preparation Tips
I appeared for an interview in Oct 2024, where I was asked the following questions.
- Q1. Tell me about
- Q2. Company work from
- Q1. Coding and coding questions
- Q2. Apt and what is hr questioning me
Sindhuja Mekala
7,10,8,11,9,12 what number should come next?
A.7
B.10
C.12
D.13
(1 Question)
- Q1. What has been the work highlight/lowlight rom the past week?
Ramesh Dinakaran
(1 Question)
- Q1. About fmea, pcp, pfd
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed in Sep 2022. There were 2 interview rounds.
(28 Questions)
- Q1. Introduced my self in 1st question
- Ans. Good evening, respected sir/mam Thank you for giving me this opportunity to introduce myself, my name is Pooja Najan,I am form Shevgoan, dist. A. Nagar. I am currently teaching in engineering of computer diploma 3rd year continue, my hobbies are Reading, writting and playing computer games, I would like to become a software engineer in my life and I am fresher. I belong to middle class family. There are 6 members in my...
- Q2. What is c language? What is keyword in c language?
- Ans.
C language is a high-level programming language used for developing software. Keywords are reserved words with predefined meanings.
C language is a general-purpose programming language.
It was developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie.
C language is widely used for system programming and embedded systems.
Keywords in C language cannot be used as variable names or identifiers.
Examples of keywords in C language include ...
- Q3. What is data type in c language
- Ans.
Data type in C language defines the type of data that a variable can hold.
C language has built-in data types like int, float, char, etc.
Data types determine the size and layout of variables in memory.
They also define the operations that can be performed on the variables.
For example, int can store whole numbers, float can store decimal numbers, and char can store single characters.
- Q4. What is Array, pointer in c language
- Ans.
An array is a collection of elements of the same data type, stored in contiguous memory locations. A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type in a single variable.
Pointers are used to store memory addresses and can be used to access and manipulate data indirectly.
Example: int arr[5]; // declares an array of integers with 5 elements
Exa...
- Q5. What is operator ?And it's type of operator.
- Ans.
An operator is a symbol or keyword used to perform operations on operands in a programming language.
Operators are used to manipulate data and perform calculations.
There are different types of operators such as arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, etc.
Examples of operators include + (addition), = (assignment), == (equality), && (logical AND), etc.
- Q6. Syntax of c language?
- Ans.
The syntax of the C programming language is a set of rules that dictate how programs written in C should be structured and formatted.
C programs are written using a combination of keywords, identifiers, operators, and punctuation marks.
Statements in C are terminated with a semicolon (;).
Blocks of code are enclosed within curly braces ({ }).
Variables must be declared before they can be used, specifying their data type.
Fu...
- Q7. What is string in c language
- Ans.
A string in C language is a sequence of characters stored in an array.
Strings in C are represented as arrays of characters.
They are terminated by a null character '\0'.
Strings can be manipulated using various string functions like strcpy, strcat, etc.
- Q8. Syntax of string in c language
- Ans.
The syntax of a string in the C language is a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes.
Strings in C are represented as arrays of characters.
Strings are null-terminated, meaning they end with a null character '\0'.
String literals can be assigned to char arrays or pointers.
String manipulation functions like strcpy, strcat, strlen, etc., are used to work with strings.
- Q9. Different between calloc()and malloc()
- Ans.
calloc() and malloc() are both used for dynamic memory allocation in C, but calloc() also initializes the allocated memory to zero.
calloc() allocates memory for an array of elements and initializes them to zero.
malloc() only allocates memory for the specified number of bytes.
calloc() is useful when initializing arrays or structures.
malloc() is useful when allocating memory for a single variable or a dynamically sized a...
- Q10. Can I compile c program without main ()
- Ans.
Yes, it is possible to compile a C program without main().
A C program must have a main() function as the entry point.
However, it is possible to compile a C program without a main() function using a different entry point.
This can be achieved by defining a different entry point using linker options or compiler-specific attributes.
For example, in some embedded systems, the entry point may be defined as _start() instead of...
- Q11. What is nested structure?
- Ans.
Nested structure refers to a structure within another structure in programming.
It allows organizing data in a hierarchical manner.
Nested structures can be used to represent complex relationships between data.
They can be implemented using classes, structs, or objects in various programming languages.
Example: A structure representing a person can have a nested structure representing their address.
- Q12. What is a preprocesser?
- Ans.
A preprocessor is a program or tool that processes source code before it is compiled or interpreted.
Preprocessors are commonly used in programming languages like C and C++.
They perform tasks such as macro expansion, file inclusion, and conditional compilation.
Examples of preprocessors include the C preprocessor (cpp) and the C++ preprocessor (cpp).
- Q13. What is the use of printf() and scanf ()?
- Ans.
printf() is used to print formatted output to the console, while scanf() is used to read formatted input from the console.
printf() is used to display output on the console, allowing for formatting options like specifying the number of decimal places or padding with leading zeros.
scanf() is used to read input from the console, allowing for formatting options like reading integers, floats, or strings.
Both functions are p...
- Q14. What is /0 character?
- Ans.
The /0 character, also known as the null character, is a control character used to indicate the end of a string in C-based languages.
It has a value of zero and is represented as '\0' in C-based languages.
It is used to terminate strings and is typically placed at the end of a character array.
When encountered, it signals the end of the string and any characters after it are ignored.
- Q15. How is Function declared in c language?
- Ans.
A function in C is declared by specifying the return type, function name, and parameters (if any).
The return type specifies the type of value the function will return.
The function name is used to call the function.
Parameters are optional and specify the input values the function expects.
Function declaration ends with a semicolon.
- Q16. What is Dynamic Memory Allocation? Mention it's syntax.
- Ans.
Dynamic Memory Allocation is the process of allocating memory at runtime for storing data.
Dynamic Memory Allocation allows programs to allocate memory as needed during runtime.
It helps in managing memory efficiently by allocating and deallocating memory as required.
The syntax for dynamic memory allocation in C is using the 'malloc' function to allocate memory and 'free' function to deallocate memory.
Example: char* str ...
- Q17. Write an example for structure in c language.
- Ans.
A structure in C is a user-defined data type that allows you to combine different types of variables under a single name.
Structures are used to represent real-world entities or concepts in programming.
They can contain variables of different data types, including other structures.
Structures provide a way to organize related data and improve code readability and maintainability.
You can access the members of a structure u...
- Q18. Can I create customized header file in C ?
- Ans.
Yes, you can create customized header files in C.
Customized header files in C are used to declare functions, variables, and macros that can be used across multiple source files.
To create a customized header file, you can use the .h extension and include it in your C program using the #include directive.
The header file should contain function prototypes, type definitions, and macro definitions.
You can also include other...
- Q19. What do you mean by Memory Leak?
- Ans.
Memory leak is a situation where a program fails to release memory that is no longer needed, leading to memory exhaustion.
Memory leak occurs when dynamically allocated memory is not deallocated properly.
It can happen when a program loses the reference to allocated memory without freeing it.
Memory leaks can gradually consume all available memory, causing the program to crash or slow down.
Common causes include forgetting...
- Q20. Static Local Variable and what is there is use?
- Ans.
Static local variables are variables declared inside a function that retain their value between function calls.
Static local variables are initialized only once, and their value persists across multiple function calls.
They are useful for maintaining state information within a function.
Static local variables have a local scope and are not accessible outside the function.
They can be used to count the number of times a fun...
- Q21. What is statement is efficient and why? X=X+1/X++?
- Ans.
The statement X=X+1/X++ is not efficient.
The use of post-increment operator (X++) can lead to unpredictable behavior and make the code harder to understand.
The division operation (1/X) can result in a runtime error if X is 0.
The statement can be rewritten in a more efficient and readable way.
- Q22. What is typecasting?
- Ans.
Typecasting is the process of converting one data type into another in programming.
Typecasting allows programmers to change the data type of a variable.
It can be done implicitly or explicitly.
Implicit typecasting is automatic and occurs when a value of one data type is assigned to a variable of another data type.
Explicit typecasting is done manually using casting operators.
Examples of typecasting include converting an ...
- Q23. C program to hello world
- Ans.
A C program to print 'Hello, World!'
Use the 'printf' function from the 'stdio.h' library to print the message
Include the 'stdio.h' header file at the beginning of the program
Use the 'int' return type for the main function
End the program with a 'return 0' statement
- Q24. Features of C language?
- Ans.
C is a powerful and widely used programming language known for its efficiency and low-level control.
C is a procedural language with a simple syntax and a rich set of built-in functions.
It allows direct memory manipulation and provides low-level access to hardware.
C supports modular programming with the use of functions and libraries.
It is highly portable and can be used to develop software for various platforms.
C is co...
- Q25. What is the oops Concept?
- Ans.
OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects that interact with each other.
OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.
It focuses on creating objects that have properties and methods to interact with each other.
Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction are the four main pillars of OOPs.
Examples of OOPs languages are Java, C++, Python, etc.
- Q26. What is the polymorphisam?
- Ans.
Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.
Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.
It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.
Example: A parent class Animal can have child classes like Dog, Cat, and Cow, each with their own implementation of the method 'makeSound'.
Polymorphism makes code more flexible and reusable.
- Q27. What is encapsulation?
- Ans.
Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and restricting access to an object's properties and methods.
Encapsulation helps in achieving data abstraction and security.
It allows for better control over the data and prevents unwanted changes.
Access to the object's properties and methods is restricted through access modifiers such as public, private, and protected.
For example, a class may have private v...
- Q28. What is the abstraction?
- Ans.
Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary information.
Abstraction is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.
It helps in reducing complexity and improving the maintainability of code.
Abstraction can be achieved through interfaces, abstract classes, and encapsulation.
For example, a car can be abstracted as a machine with wheels, engine, and steering.
...
(8 Questions)
- Q1. What is the polymorphisam?
- Ans.
Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.
Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.
It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.
Examples include function overloading, operator overloading, and inheritance.
Polymorphism helps in achieving loose coupling and flexibility in code design.
- Q2. Basic concept of the c language
- Q3. Basic concept of the Oops?
- Ans.
OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.
OOPs focuses on creating reusable code and organizing it into objects.
It involves encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
Polymor...
- Q4. What is operating system?
- Ans.
An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources.
It acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware.
It provides services such as memory management, process management, and device management.
Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
It allows multiple applications to run simultaneously.
It provides security features such as user authentication and access co...
- Q5. What is access matrix?
- Ans.
Access matrix is a security model that defines access rights of subjects to objects.
Access matrix is a table that lists all subjects and objects and their corresponding access rights.
It is used to control access to resources in a computer system.
Access matrix can be implemented using access control lists (ACLs) or capabilities.
It helps in enforcing the principle of least privilege.
Example: A user can have read-only acc...
- Q6. What is real -time system?
- Ans.
Real-time system is a computer system that processes data as it is received and provides immediate response.
Real-time systems are used in applications where timely response is critical.
They are designed to process data in real-time without any delay.
Examples include air traffic control systems, stock trading systems, and medical monitoring systems.
- Q7. What is multi_programming?
- Ans.
Multi-programming is the ability of a computer to execute multiple programs simultaneously.
Allows for efficient use of CPU time
Requires memory management techniques such as swapping and paging
Examples include time-sharing systems and batch processing systems
- Q8. What is multi -tasking?
- Ans.
Multitasking is the ability of a system to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
Multitasking allows a system to switch between tasks quickly and efficiently.
It can be achieved through hardware or software.
Examples include running multiple applications on a computer or phone, or listening to music while working on a document.
Multitasking can improve productivity and efficiency, but can also lead to decreased performanc...
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