30+ Skywaves Software Interview Questions and Answers

The application can choose the respective database based on the user's location or other criteria.

• Use a load balancer to route traffic to the appropriate database server based on user location

• Implement a database sharding strategy to distribute data across multiple databases

• Use a master-slave replication setup to replicate data across multiple databases

• Implement a database routing layer that can dynamically route requests to the appropriate database based on user location or ...read more

To improve web application, I use tools like profiling, caching, compression, and optimization.

• I use profiling tools like MiniProfiler and Glimpse to identify performance bottlenecks.

• I implement caching using tools like Redis and Memcached to reduce database queries and improve response time.

• I use compression techniques like Gzip and Brotli to reduce the size of files sent over the network.

• I optimize images, scripts, and stylesheets to reduce page load time.

• I monitor applicat...read more

MVC routes are used to map URLs to controller actions. To change a particular action's route, we can use the Route attribute.

• MVC routes are defined in the RouteConfig.cs file in the App_Start folder.

• To change a particular action's route, we can use the Route attribute above the action method.

• For example, [Route('Employee')], will change the URL from /EmployeeDetails to /Employee.

• We can also specify parameters in the route, for example, [Route('Employee/{id}')], where id is a ...read more

Choose Code First for flexibility, DB First for legacy systems.

• Code First allows for more flexibility in designing the database schema

• DB First is useful for working with legacy systems or pre-existing databases

• Consider the project requirements and team expertise when making a decision

Entity Framework is used to create class objects from DB First

• Entity Framework is a popular ORM tool used in .NET development

• It can generate classes based on an existing database schema

• This process is known as Database First approach

• The generated classes are called Entity Classes

• Entity Framework also supports Code First and Model First approaches

MVC is a design pattern used in web development. MVC is better than ASP.NET web forms for complex applications.

• MVC separates application into Model, View, and Controller

• MVC provides better control over HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• MVC is better for complex applications with multiple developers

• ASP.NET web forms are better for simple applications with rapid development

• MVC is more testable than ASP.NET web forms

Razor engine is a markup syntax used to create dynamic web pages in ASP.NET. It is faster than typical ASP pages.

• Razor engine is a server-side markup syntax used to create dynamic web pages in ASP.NET

• It allows developers to embed server-side code into HTML content

• Razor pages are faster than typical ASP pages because they are compiled into C# code before being executed

• Razor pages have a cleaner syntax and are easier to read and maintain than traditional ASP pages

Code First and DB First are two approaches to create Entity Framework models.

• Code First: Create classes first and generate database schema from them.

• DB First: Create database schema first and generate classes from it.

• Code First is more flexible and allows for easier version control.

• DB First is useful when working with legacy databases.

• Both approaches use Entity Framework to map database tables to classes.

Authorization filter checks if the user has access to the requested resource after a page re-direct.

• Authorization filter is executed after the page re-direct is completed.

• It checks if the user has the necessary permissions to access the requested resource.

• If the user is not authorized, the filter will redirect the user to the login page or display an error message.

• Authorization filter can be applied globally or on specific controllers or actions.

CTE is a temporary result set that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.

• CTE is defined using the WITH keyword followed by a name and a SELECT statement.

• It can be used to simplify complex queries and improve performance.

• CTE can be recursive, allowing a query to reference itself.

• Example: WITH sales AS (SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = 'completed') SELECT * FROM sales;

• Example: WITH recursive cte AS (SELECT 1 AS n UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM cte...read more

Unit testing is a software testing technique to test individual units or components of a software application.

• Unit testing is done to ensure that each unit/component of the software application is working as expected.

• It helps in identifying and fixing bugs early in the development cycle.

• Unit testing is usually automated and can be run frequently to ensure that changes made to the code do not break existing functionality.

• Code coverage is a measure of how much of the code is be...read more

Scaffold tool is used to create models in Entity Framework

• Scaffold-DbContext command in Package Manager Console

• Visual Studio's Add New Item > ADO.NET Entity Data Model

• Entity Data Model Wizard in Visual Studio

Yes, I have experience with Token based authorization.

• I have implemented token based authentication using JWT (JSON Web Tokens) in several projects.

• I have used OAuth 2.0 to generate access tokens for API authentication.

• I have integrated token based authorization with ASP.NET Identity for user authentication and authorization.

• I have also worked with refresh tokens to extend the validity of access tokens.

• I am familiar with token revocation and invalidation techniques to enhance...read more

I have used both GIT and TFS for source control.

• I have used GIT for personal projects and TFS for enterprise-level projects.

• I am familiar with branching, merging, and pull requests in both GIT and TFS.

• I have experience with using GIT and TFS in conjunction with continuous integration and deployment tools.

• I have also used tools like SourceTree and Visual Studio Team Explorer for managing source control.

Secure data in SQL server using encryption, access control, and regular backups.

• Encrypt sensitive data using TDE or column-level encryption

• Implement access control using roles and permissions

• Regularly backup data to prevent loss or corruption

• Use strong passwords and limit access to the server

• Monitor for suspicious activity and implement auditing

LINQ equivalent of LEFT JOIN is DefaultIfEmpty()

• Use DefaultIfEmpty() method to perform LEFT JOIN in LINQ

• Use into keyword to create a temporary variable for the join

• Example: var result = from a in tableA

• join b in tableB on a.Id equals b.Id into temp

• from b in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()

• select new { a.Id, b.Name }

Temporary tables are tables that exist temporarily in the database and are used to store intermediate results.

• Temporary tables are created using the CREATE TABLE statement with the # symbol before the table name.

• They are useful for storing intermediate results during complex queries or procedures.

• Temporary tables are automatically dropped when the session that created them ends or when the connection is closed.

• They can be used to improve performance by reducing the number of ...read more

Magic Tables are temporary tables created by SQL Server during DML operations.

• Magic Tables are used to access the data before and after a DML operation.

• They are created automatically by SQL Server and cannot be accessed directly.

• They are useful for auditing and logging changes to a table.

• The inserted and deleted tables are examples of Magic Tables.

Web API is a framework for building HTTP services that can be accessed from various clients.

• Web API is built on top of ASP.NET framework.

• It supports HTTP verbs like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.

• It can return data in various formats like JSON, XML, etc.

• It can be used to build RESTful services.

• It can be consumed by various clients like web browsers, mobile apps, etc.

Triggers are database objects that execute automatically in response to certain events.

• Triggers are used to maintain the integrity of data in a database.

• There are two types of triggers: DML triggers and DDL triggers.

• DML triggers are fired in response to DML (Data Manipulation Language) events like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

• DDL triggers are fired in response to DDL (Data Definition Language) events like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

Scaffolding is a code generation technique used in MVC to create basic CRUD operations for a model.

• Scaffolding generates boilerplate code for Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations

• It saves time and effort by generating code for repetitive tasks

• Developers can customize the generated code to fit their specific needs

SSRS stands for SQL Server Reporting Services, a server-based reporting platform that allows creating and managing reports.

• SSRS is a part of Microsoft SQL Server.

• It provides a set of tools to create, deploy, and manage reports.

• Reports can be created using various data sources like SQL Server, Oracle, Excel, etc.

• Reports can be exported to various formats like PDF, Excel, Word, etc.

• SSRS also provides a web-based interface to view and manage reports.

MVC Filters are used to implement cross-cutting concerns in ASP.NET MVC applications.

• Authorization Filters

• Action Filters

• Result Filters

• Exception Filters

WebApi authentication can be done using various methods such as JWT, OAuth, Basic Authentication, etc.

• JWT authentication involves generating a token that is sent with each request

• OAuth authentication involves obtaining an access token from a third-party provider

• Basic Authentication involves sending a username and password with each request

• Other methods include API keys, client certificates, and custom authentication schemes

Triggers are used to automatically execute a set of actions when a specific event occurs in a database.

• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules and data integrity.

• They can be used to audit changes made to the database.

• Triggers can also be used to replicate data across multiple tables or databases.

• Examples of trigger events include INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations on a table.

Database concurrency refers to the ability of multiple users to access and modify the same data simultaneously.

• Concurrency control mechanisms ensure that data remains consistent and accurate.

• Locking, optimistic concurrency control, and transaction isolation levels are common techniques used to manage concurrency.

• Concurrency issues can lead to data inconsistencies and conflicts, such as lost updates and dirty reads.

Agile process is an iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility and customer satisfaction.

• Agile process involves breaking down the project into smaller, manageable chunks called sprints.

• Each sprint typically lasts 1-4 weeks and results in a working product increment.

• The team works closely with the customer to ensure that the product meets their needs and expectations.

• Agile process values individuals and interactions over processes and tools.

• Continuo...read more

TFS is a centralized version control system while GIT is a distributed version control system.

• TFS is tightly integrated with Microsoft products while GIT is more flexible and can be used with any platform.

• TFS has a more complex branching and merging system while GIT has a simpler and more efficient system.

• TFS has a centralized repository while GIT has a distributed repository.

• TFS has a more comprehensive set of features while GIT is more lightweight and faster.

• TFS is better s...read more

SOLID is a set of principles for object-oriented programming that aims to make software more maintainable, scalable, and flexible.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types.

• I - Interface Segregation Principle: Clients should not be forced to depend on...read more

Yes, an email message can be sent from a trigger even after logic gets into AddError method.

• Email messages are sent asynchronously and are not affected by the AddError method.

• The AddError method only prevents the record from being saved and rolls back any changes made in the transaction.

• To send an email from a trigger, use the Messaging.SingleEmailMessage class and the Messaging.sendEmail method.

To show many columns in a single page for mobile-friendly design in Lightning, use responsive design and consider using horizontal scrolling.

• Use responsive design to ensure the layout adjusts to different screen sizes

• Consider using horizontal scrolling to allow users to view more columns without taking up too much vertical space

• Prioritize the most important columns to display first

• Use filters or collapsible sections to allow users to focus on specific columns

• Test the design o...read more

Optimizing SOQL and DML in Apex transactions

• Use selective SOQL queries to limit the number of records retrieved

• Avoid using SOQL queries inside loops

• Use bulkified DML operations to process records in batches

• Minimize the number of DML statements by grouping similar operations

• Use @future or Queueable Apex for long-running operations

• Consider using Database methods for DML operations to handle errors

• Use System.debug() to monitor performance and identify bottlenecks

Use batch Apex to handle bulk callouts over button click

• Implement the Database.Batchable interface to process records in batches

• Use the @future annotation to make asynchronous callouts

• Consider using a queueable Apex job to handle large volumes of data

• Use the Limits.getCallouts() method to monitor callout limits

• Handle any errors or exceptions that may occur during the callout process

Order of execution in Salesforce determines the sequence of events that occur when a record is saved.

• Triggers are executed first

• Validation rules are checked next

• Before triggers are executed

• Custom validation logic is checked

• Record is saved to the database

• After triggers are executed

• Assignment rules are executed

• Auto-response rules are executed

• Workflow rules are executed

• Escalation rules are executed

• Roll-up summary fields are updated

• Criteria-based sharing rules are evaluated

• Post-c...read more

Hooks in WordPress are actions and filters that allow developers to modify or add functionality to WordPress.

• Actions are hooks triggered at specific points in WordPress, such as when a post is published or a user logs in.

• Filters allow developers to modify data before it is displayed, such as changing the content of a post or the title of a page.

• Examples of hooks include 'wp_head', 'wp_footer', 'the_content', and 'the_title'.