Vitrana Associate Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was a technical Interview round with questions on C#, .NET and DBMS.

Q1. What is the difference between the Ref and Out keywords in C#?
Ans. 
Ref is used for passing arguments by reference, Out is used for returning multiple values.
• Ref keyword is used for passing arguments by reference, allowing the method to modify the original value.

• Out keyword is used for returning multiple values from a method, as it does not require the variable to be initialized before being passed.
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Q2. What is the difference between ViewData, ViewBag, and TempData in C#?
Ans. 
ViewData, ViewBag, and TempData are ways to pass data between controllers and views in ASP.NET MVC.
• ViewData is a dictionary object used to pass data from controller to view. It requires typecasting.

• ViewBag is a dynamic property used to pass data from controller to view. No typecasting is required.

• TempData is a dictionary object used to pass data from one controller to another or from one action to another.
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Q3. What is the difference between managed and unmanaged code in C#?
Ans. 
Managed code is executed by the CLR with memory management, while unmanaged code is executed directly by the operating system without memory management.
• Managed code is executed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR) in .NET framework.

• Unmanaged code is executed directly by the operating system without CLR.

• Managed code provides automatic memory management through garbage collection.

• Unmanaged code requires manual memory man...read more
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Q4. What are the different types of triggers in SQL Server?
Ans. 
Triggers in SQL Server are special types of stored procedures that are automatically executed when certain events occur in a database.
• Types of triggers include DML triggers (for INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations), DDL triggers (for CREATE, ALTER, DROP operations), and Logon triggers.

• Triggers can be set to fire before or after the triggering event.

• Examples of triggers include auditing changes to a table using an INSERT ...read more
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Q5. What are generic and non-generic collections in C#?
Ans. 
Generic collections in C# allow for type-safe collections, while non-generic collections do not enforce type safety.
• Generic collections use type parameters to specify the type of elements they can contain, ensuring type safety.

• Non-generic collections do not specify the type of elements they can contain, leading to potential runtime errors if incorrect types are used.

• Example of generic collection: List<string> nam...read more
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical managerial round.