UST Senior Application Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is COND parameter
Ans. 
COND parameter is used in JCL to specify a condition for executing a job step.
• COND parameter is used in IF/THEN/ELSE statements to determine the execution of a job step.

• It can be used to check the return code of a previous step or a specific condition.

• COND parameter can have values like ONLY, EVEN, ONLY EVEN, etc.

• It can also be used with the NOT operator to negate the condition.

• COND parameter can be used with job steps
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Q2. Used in JCL to skip few steps
Ans. 
COND parameter is used in JCL to skip few steps
• COND parameter is used in JCL to specify a condition that must be met before executing a step

• If the condition is not met, the step is skipped

• The syntax for using COND parameter is: COND=(code,operator,stepname)

• For example, COND=(0,NE,STEP1) will skip the step if the return code of the previous step is not 0
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Q1. What is DISTINCT in DB2
Ans. 
DISTINCT is a keyword in DB2 used to retrieve unique values from a column or set of columns.
• DISTINCT is used in SELECT statements to eliminate duplicate rows.

• It can be used with one or more columns.

• It is often used in conjunction with aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, etc.

• Example: SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2 FROM table_name;

• Example: SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT column_name) FROM table_name;
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Q2. Used to remove duplicates
Ans. 
The function used to remove duplicates is called 'distinct'.
• Distinct is used in SQL to remove duplicate rows from a result set.

• In Python, the set() function can be used to remove duplicates from a list.

• The unique() function in R can be used to remove duplicates from a vector.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started slow with some basic fundamental questions around OOPS and then paced up higher to some more advanced questions around Java 8 and Java in general.

Q1. Can you explain the SOLID principles in Object-Oriented Design?
Ans. 
The SOLID principle is an acronym of the five principles which is given below :

1) Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
2) Open/Closed Principle
3) Liskov’s Substitution Principle (LSP)
4) Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
5) Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)

Uses of SOLID design principles :

1) The SOLID principle helps in reducing tight coupling.
2) Tight coupling means a group of classes are highly dependent on one ...read more
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Q2. What is abstraction in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
If you are a user, and you have a problem statement, you don't want to know how the components of the software work, or how it's made. You only want to know how the software solves your problem. Abstraction is the method of hiding unnecessary details from the necessary ones. It is one of the main features of OOPs. 
For example, consider a car. You only need to know how to run a car, and not how the wires are connec...read more
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Q3. How is an abstract class different from an interface?
Ans. 
Interface and abstract class both are special types of classes that contain only the methods declaration and not their implementation. But the interface is entirely different from an abstract class. The main difference between the two is that, when an interface is implemented, the subclass must define all its methods and provide its implementation. Whereas when an abstract class is inherited, the subclass does not need...read more
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Q4. What is a classloader in Java?
Ans. 
Classloader is a subsystem of JVM which is used to load class files. Whenever we run the java program, it is loaded
first by the classloader. There are three built-in classloaders in Java.

1) Bootstrap ClassLoader: This is the first classloader which is the superclass of Extension classloader. It loads the
rt.jar file which contains all class files of Java Standard Edition like java.lang package classes, java.net package
c...read more
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Q5. Why are Java Strings immutable in nature?
Ans. 
String objects in Java are immutable by definition. This signifies that the String object's state cannot be changed once
it has been created. As a result, if you try to update the value of that object rather than the values of that object, Java
creates a new string object.

Because String objects are often cached in the String pool, Java String objects are immutable. Because String literals
are frequently shared among numer...read more
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Q6. Why is Java considered platform independent, while the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is platform dependent?
Ans. 
JVM is platform dependent because it takes java byte code and generates byte code for the current operating
system. So Java software is platform dependent but Java language is platform independent because different
operating system have different JVMs.
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Q7. What are some standard Java pre-defined functional interfaces?
Ans. 
Some of the famous pre-defined functional interfaces from previous Java versions are Runnable, Callable,
Comparator, and Comparable. While Java 8 introduces functional interfaces like Supplier, Consumer, Predicate, etc.
Please refer to the java.util.function doc for other predefined functional interfaces and its description introduced in
Java 8.

Runnable : use to execute the instances of a class over another thread with no...read more
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Q8. What are the advantages of using the Optional class in Java?
Ans. 
It encapsulates optional values, i.e., null or not-null values, which helps in avoiding null checks, which results in
better, readable, and robust code. It acts as a wrapper around the object and returns an object instead of a value,
which can be used to avoid run-time NullPointerExceptions.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had questions from Microservices , Spring Boot and Hibernate. The interviewer was quite freindly and also helped
wherever I was stuck.

Q1. How many bean scopes are supported by Spring?
Ans. 
The Spring Framework supports five scopes. They are :

1) Singleton : This provides scope for the bean definition to single instance per Spring IoC container.
2) Prototype : This provides scope for a single bean definition to have any number of object instances.
3) Request : This provides scope for a bean definition to an HTTP-request.
4) Session : This provides scope for a bean definition to an HTTP-session.
5) Global-sessi...read more
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Q2. What do you understand by autowiring in Spring Boot, and can you name the different modes of autowiring?
Ans. 
The Spring container is able to autowire relationships between the collaborating beans. That is, it is possible to let
Spring resolve collaborators for your bean automatically by inspecting the contents of the BeanFactory.
Different modes of bean auto-wiring are:

1) no : This is default setting which means no autowiring. Explicit bean reference should be used for wiring.

2) byName : It injects the object dependency accordi...read more
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Q3. Can you explain the @RestController annotation in Spring Boot?
Ans. 
It is a combination of @Controller and @ResponseBody, used for creating a restful controller. It converts the
response to JSON or XML. It ensures that data returned by each method will be written straight into the response
body instead of returning a template.
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Q4. What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?
Ans. 
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is equivalent to using @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration,
and @ComponentScan with their default attributes. Spring Boot enables the developer to use a single annotation
instead of using multiple. But, as we know, Spring provided loosely coupled features that we can use for each
annotation as per our project needs.
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Q5. Can you explain the difference between setMaxResults() and setFetchSize() in a Query?
Ans. 
setMaxResults() the function works similar to LIMIT in SQL. Here, we set the maximum number of rows that we want
to be returned. This method is implemented by all database drivers.

setFetchSize() works for optimizing how Hibernate sends the result to the caller for example: are the results buffered,
are they sent in different size chunks, etc. This method is not implemented by all the database drivers.
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Q6. What are the concurrency strategies available in Hibernate?
Ans. 
Concurrency strategies are the mediators responsible for storing and retrieving items from the cache. While enabling
second-level cache, it is the responsibility of the developer to provide what strategy is to be implemented to decide for
each persistent class and collection.

Following are the concurrency strategies that are used:

1) Transactional: This is used in cases of updating data that most likely causes stale data a...read more
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Q7. Can you explain the working of Microservice Architecture?
Ans. 
Microservice architectures consist of the following components :

1) Clients: Different users send requests from various devices.
2) Identity Provider: Validate a user's or client's identity and issue security tokens.
3) API Gateway: Handles the requests from clients.
4) Static Content: Contains all of the system's content.
5) Management: Services are balanced on nodes and failures are identified.
6) Service Discovery: A guid...read more
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Q8. What issues are generally addressed by Spring Cloud?
Ans. 
The following problems can be solved with spring cloud : 

1) Complicated issues caused by distributed systems: This includes network issues, latency problems, bandwidth problems, and security issues. 

2) Service Discovery issues: Service discovery allows processes and services to communicate and locate each other within a cluster. 

3) Redundancy issues: Distributed systems can often have redundancy issues.&...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a Technical Cum HR round where I was first asked some basic Java related concepts and then we discussed
about my expectations from the company , learnings and growth in the forthcomig years. I would suggest be honest and
try to communicate your thoughts properly in these type of rounds to maximise your chances of getting selected.

Q1. Kubernetes related
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Q1. Mounpoint check, about ls,grep,awk,sed,vi
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Q1. About your self previous work experience
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Q1. What are your salary expectations?
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Q2. Share details of your previous job.
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Q3. Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
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Q4. What are your strengths and weaknesses?
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Q5. Tell me about yourself.
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Q1. Aiw?nnnnnnnnnnnnn? Mmmma q
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Formulas related to ece

Arrays,oops,reverse program

Q1. Self introduction,family background, relocate,any shifts
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