60+ Indifi Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

Program to separate odd and even numbers from an array.

• Loop through array and check if each number is odd or even

• Create two separate arrays for odd and even numbers

• Return both arrays

A program to find unique characters in a word.

• Create an empty array to store unique characters.

• Loop through each character in the word.

• If the character is not already in the array, add it.

• Return the array of unique characters.

Abstraction is a concept of hiding implementation details while interface is a blueprint of a class.

• Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and methods

• Interface is a contract that defines the behavior of a class

• Abstraction focuses on hiding complexity while interface focuses on providing a common standard

• Abstraction can have implementation details while interface cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

Abstract class can have implementation while interface only has method signatures.

• Abstract class can have constructors while interface cannot.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have non-abstract methods while interface only has method signatures.

• Abstract class can have instance variables while interface cannot.

• Example of abstract class: public abstract class Shape { public abstract double area(); }

• Example ...read more

Return the kth element from the end of a linked list

• Traverse the linked list to find the length of the list

• Calculate the position of the kth element from the beginning

• Traverse the list again to find the kth element from the end

Implementation of a linked list

• Define a Node class with data and next pointer

• Create a LinkedList class with head pointer

• Implement methods to add, delete, and traverse nodes

• Handle edge cases like empty list or deleting head node

Persistent volume is storage that exists beyond the lifecycle of a pod and can be attached to different pods.

• Persistent volume is a storage resource in Kubernetes that exists beyond the lifecycle of a pod.

• It allows data to persist even after the pod is deleted or restarted.

• Persistent volumes can be dynamically provisioned or statically defined.

• Yes, the same persistent volume can be attached to different pods as long as they are in the same namespace.

Iterate and insert values into a hashSet in Java

• Create a HashSet object

• Use a for loop to iterate over the elements to be inserted

• Call the add() method on the HashSet object to insert each element

Design a database schema for a food delivery app

• Create tables for users, restaurants, orders, and menu items

• Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables

• Include columns for user details, restaurant details, order details, and menu item details

• Consider adding tables for reviews, ratings, and payment information

Java platform independence refers to the ability of Java code to run on any device or operating system without modification.

• Java code is compiled into bytecode, which can be executed on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• JVM acts as an abstraction layer between the Java code and the underlying hardware and operating system

• This allows Java programs to be written once and run anywhere, making them platform independent

Readiness probe checks if a container is ready to serve traffic, while liveness probe checks if a container is alive and healthy.

• Readiness probe is used to determine when a container is ready to start accepting traffic.

• Liveness probe is used to determine if a container is still running and healthy.

• Readiness probe is often used to delay traffic until the container is fully ready.

• Liveness probe is used to restart containers that are not functioning properly.

• Examples: Readiness ...read more

TCP probing is a low-level network protocol used to check if a port is open, while HTTP probing is a higher-level protocol used to check if a web server is responding.

• TCP probing involves sending a TCP packet to a specific port on a target host and waiting for a response.

• HTTP probing involves sending an HTTP request to a web server and checking for a valid response code (e.g. 200 OK).

• TCP probing is more generic and can be used to check any TCP-based service, while HTTP probin...read more

Use SQL query with subquery to find second highest salary

• Use subquery to find the max salary first

• Then use another subquery to find the max salary excluding the previously found max salary

Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. Hooks are a new addition in React 16.8 that lets you use state and other React features without writing a class.

• Redux is a state management tool commonly used with React to manage application state in a predictable way

• Hooks are a new addition in React 16.8 that allow you to use state and other React features without writing a class

• Examples of hooks include useState, useEffect, useContext, etc.

A collection is a group of objects or data structures that are stored and manipulated together.

• Collections can be used to store and manage multiple elements of the same type.

• Examples of collections include arrays, lists, sets, and maps.

• Collections provide methods for adding, removing, and accessing elements within the group.

Implementing CI/CD pipeline involves automating the steps of building, testing, and deploying code changes.

• Set up version control system (e.g. Git) for code repository

• Use a CI/CD tool (e.g. Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD) to automate the pipeline

• Define stages for building, testing, and deploying code

• Integrate automated testing (unit tests, integration tests)

• Automate deployment to different environments (e.g. development, staging, production)

• Monitor pipeline for failures and alerts

• Cont...read more

Automate credits of regularly updated VM using scripts

• Create a script to automatically update the VM on a regular schedule

• Utilize tools like Ansible or Puppet for automation

• Set up a cron job to run the script at specified intervals

• Ensure proper testing and monitoring of the automation process

Check for balanced parenthesis in a string.

• Use a stack to keep track of opening parenthesis

• If a closing parenthesis is encountered, pop from stack and check if it matches

• If stack is empty at the end, the string has balanced parenthesis

Java is platform-independent, object-oriented, and has automatic memory management. C++ is faster, closer to hardware, and allows more control over memory management.

• Java is platform-independent, while C++ is platform-dependent.

• Java is object-oriented, while C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

• Java has automatic memory management (garbage collection), while C++ requires manual memory management.

• C++ is faster than Java due to its closer-to-hardware nat...read more

AWS services like CodePipeline, CodeBuild, and CloudFormation are best suited for DevOps projects.

• AWS CodePipeline for continuous integration and delivery

• AWS CodeBuild for building and testing code

• AWS CloudFormation for infrastructure as code

I use Netflix and Hulu. The main problem I face is occasional buffering issues.

• I use Netflix for a wide variety of movies and TV shows.

• I use Hulu for current episodes of TV shows.

• Occasional buffering issues can disrupt the viewing experience.

Bubble sort algorithm sorts an array by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements if they are in wrong order.

• Compare adjacent elements and swap them if they are in wrong order

• Repeat this process until the array is sorted

• Time complexity is O(n^2)

• Space complexity is O(1)

• Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape'] -> ['apple', 'banana', 'grape', 'orange']

Quality Engineering is the process of ensuring that products and services meet or exceed customer expectations.

• Quality Engineering involves designing, developing, and testing products and services to ensure they meet quality standards.

• It includes identifying and addressing potential quality issues before they become problems.

• Quality Engineering also involves continuous improvement and monitoring of products and services to ensure they remain high quality.

• Examples of Quality E...read more

I will highlight the benefits of having an air conditioner in Manali, such as providing relief from the high altitude and unpredictable weather conditions.

• Emphasize the importance of maintaining a comfortable temperature indoors despite the cold climate

• Highlight the health benefits of filtering out pollutants and allergens from the air

• Offer special promotions or discounts for purchasing an air conditioner during the off-season

• Provide testimonials from satisfied customers who ...read more

WAP to sort an array using quick sort

• Choose a pivot element from the array

• Partition the array into two sub-arrays based on the pivot

• Recursively sort the sub-arrays

• Combine the sorted sub-arrays

Use SELECT DISTINCT to retrieve unique entries in a row.

• Use SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

• Can be used with multiple columns to retrieve unique combinations.

• Helpful for eliminating duplicate entries in query results.

Access modifiers control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods, and variables in object-oriented programming.

• Access modifiers include public, private, protected, and default (package-private)

• Public: accessible from any other class

• Private: only accessible within the same class

• Protected: accessible within the same package and subclasses

• Default: accessible within the same package

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation helps in achieving data abstraction and information hiding

• It prevents unauthorized access to data and protects data from external interference

• It allows for easy modification of implementation without affecting the rest of the code

• Example: A class in Java with private variables and public methods

OOPS concepts are fundamental to object-oriented programming. They include inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Encapsulation is the practice of hiding data and methods within a class, so they can only be accessed through public methods.

• Abstraction is the process of simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts.

• Polymorphism allows object...read more

Arrays store data in a linear structure, while trees store data in a hierarchical structure.

• Arrays are one-dimensional and store elements in a sequential manner.

• Trees are hierarchical data structures with a root node and child nodes.

• Arrays have a fixed size, while trees can dynamically grow in size.

• Accessing elements in an array is done by index, while accessing nodes in a tree is done through traversal.

• Example: Array - ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'], Tree - Root node: 'Fruit'...read more

Inheritance in Java allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.

• Inheritance is achieved using the 'extends' keyword in Java.

• Subclasses can access the methods and fields of the superclass.

• Java does not support multiple inheritance, but a class can implement multiple interfaces.

LRU Cache is a data structure that stores the most recently used items, discarding the least recently used items when full.

• Use a combination of a doubly linked list and a hashmap to efficiently implement LRU Cache.

• When an item is accessed, move it to the front of the linked list to mark it as the most recently used.

• When the cache is full, remove the least recently used item from the end of the linked list and the hashmap.

Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the previous two numbers.

• Create an array to store the series

• Initialize the first two elements of the array as 0 and 1

• Use a loop to calculate the next element by adding the previous two elements

• Continue the loop until the desired number of elements is reached

Design a Zomato app for food ordering and delivery

• Create a user-friendly interface for browsing restaurants and menus

• Implement a search function for finding specific cuisines or dishes

• Include a rating and review system for restaurants and dishes

• Integrate a payment gateway for secure transactions

• Develop a tracking system for delivery status

• Provide customer support through chat or call

• Partner with restaurants for exclusive deals and discounts

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit

• Inheritance: creating new classes based on existing classes

• Polymorphism: the ability for objects to be treated as instances of their parent class

Docker is a containerization platform that allows you to package and run applications in isolated environments called containers.

• Docker uses a client-server architecture with the Docker client communicating with the Docker daemon to build, run, and manage containers.

• Containers are lightweight, standalone, and executable packages that include everything needed to run a piece of software, including code, runtime, system tools, libraries, and settings.

• Docker images are used to c...read more

first() returns the first element of a sequence, while FirstOrDefault() returns the first element or a default value if the sequence is empty.

• first() throws an exception if the sequence is empty, while FirstOrDefault() returns a default value (e.g. null) in that case.

• Use first() when you expect the sequence to always have at least one element, and FirstOrDefault() when the sequence might be empty.

• Example: var numbers = new List(); var firstNumber = numbers.first(); // Throws ...read more

Create a docker file to make mongodb available for developers

• Use the official MongoDB Docker image as the base image

• Expose the default MongoDB port (27017)

• Set up any necessary environment variables or configurations

• Build the Docker image using the Dockerfile

• Run the Docker container with the MongoDB image

Repository pattern using EF core for data access layer

• Create an interface for the repository with generic CRUD methods

• Implement the repository interface with EF core for data access

• Use dependency injection to inject the repository into services

• Separate concerns by having repositories handle data access logic

One tool used to check query slowness is SQL Server Profiler.

• SQL Server Profiler can be used to trace and analyze query performance.

• It provides detailed information on query execution, including duration, reads, writes, and more.

• Users can identify slow queries and optimize them for better performance.

• Other tools like Query Store in SQL Server Management Studio can also be used for monitoring query performance.

A palindrome sentence is a sentence that reads the same forwards and backwards.

• Check if the sentence is the same when read forwards and backwards, ignoring spaces and punctuation.

• Examples: 'A man, a plan, a canal, Panama' is a palindrome sentence.

• Examples: 'Hello world' is not a palindrome sentence.

Handling windows in Selenium involves switching between windows, handling pop-ups, and managing multiple windows.

• Use getWindowHandles() to get handles of all open windows

• Use switchTo().window() to switch between windows

• Use getWindowHandle() to get handle of current window

• Handle pop-ups using Alert class or switchTo().alert()

• Manage multiple windows by storing window handles in a set or list

Troubleshooting in OTT involves identifying and resolving issues related to streaming services.

• Check internet connection and speed

• Verify account credentials and subscription status

• Clear cache and cookies

• Update app or software

• Restart device

• Contact customer support for further assistance

Highlight the benefits of using a comb for scalp health and massage.

• Emphasize the benefits of scalp massage for relaxation and improved blood circulation

• Explain how using a comb can help distribute natural oils and promote healthier hair growth

• Offer a high-quality comb with added features like wide teeth for detangling or a sleek design for grooming

Spikes in agile are time-boxed research or exploration activities to gather information or reduce uncertainty on a specific topic.

• Spikes are used to investigate potential solutions, technologies, or approaches before committing to a full implementation.

• They are time-boxed, meaning they have a fixed duration to prevent excessive exploration.

• Spikes help teams make informed decisions and reduce risks by gathering necessary information upfront.

• Examples of spikes include researchi...read more

Yes, I have obtained the AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional certification.

• Obtained AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional certification

• Certification validates expertise in implementing and managing continuous delivery systems on AWS

• Demonstrates ability to automate security controls, governance processes, and compliance validation

Left join includes all records from the left table and matching records from the right table, while right join includes all records from the right table and matching records from the left table.

• Left join: includes all records from the left table and matching records from the right table

• Right join: includes all records from the right table and matching records from the left table

• Example: Left join - SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

• Example: Right j...read more

Optimizing SQL queries involves using indexes, minimizing joins, and avoiding unnecessary columns.

• Use indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE clauses

• Minimize the use of JOIN operations

• Avoid selecting unnecessary columns in the query

• Consider using stored procedures for frequently executed queries

Kubernetes components are essential parts of the Kubernetes architecture that work together to manage containerized applications.

• Kubelet: Agent that runs on each node in the cluster and ensures containers are running.

• Kube-Proxy: Network proxy that maintains network rules on nodes.

• Kubernetes API Server: Component that exposes the Kubernetes API.

• Controller Manager: Component that manages different types of controllers.

• Scheduler: Component that assigns workloads to nodes based o...read more

Netflix system design involves microservices architecture, content delivery networks, recommendation algorithms, and user personalization.

• Microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility

• Content delivery networks for fast and reliable streaming

• Recommendation algorithms for personalized content suggestions

• User personalization for enhancing user experience

I estimate by breaking down the project into tasks, considering past experiences, consulting with team members, and using estimation techniques.

• Break down the project into smaller tasks

• Consider past experiences and data from similar projects

• Consult with team members for their input and expertise

• Use estimation techniques such as PERT, Analogous Estimating, or Three-Point Estimating

• Adjust estimates as more information becomes available

SG and NaCl are two different types of security groups used in cloud computing.

• SG stands for Security Group and is a virtual firewall for controlling inbound and outbound traffic for EC2 instances.

• NaCl stands for Network Access Control List and is an optional layer of security for controlling traffic at the subnet level.

• SG operates at the instance level, while NaCl operates at the subnet level.

• SG rules are stateful, meaning they automatically allow return traffic, while NaCl ...read more

DDL stands for Data Definition Language and is used to define the structure of database objects. DML stands for Data Manipulation Language and is used to manipulate data within the database.

• DDL is used to create, modify, and delete database objects such as tables, indexes, and views

• DML is used to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data from the database

• Examples of DDL statements include CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE

• Examples of DML statements include INSERT INTO, UPD...read more

The four pillars of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hides complex implementation details and only shows the necessary features to the outside world.

• Encapsulation: Bundles data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit, preventing direct access to data from outside the class.

• Inheritance: Allows a new class to inherit properties and behavior from an existing class, promoting code reusabil...read more

Robot class is a class in Java that is used to generate native system input events for test automation purposes.

• Used for simulating keyboard and mouse input events in test automation scripts

• Can be used to automate tasks like filling out forms, clicking buttons, etc.

• Helps in testing GUI applications by interacting with the user interface

• Example: robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) to simulate pressing the Enter key

Oops concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles like Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

An IAM policy example demonstrates how permissions are granted to users or groups in AWS.

• IAM policies are JSON documents that define permissions

• They consist of statements that specify actions, resources, and effect

• Example: {"Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow", "Action": "s3:GetObject", "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::examplebucket/*"}]}

• IAM policies can be attached to users, groups, or roles

Product development cycle involves stages from idea generation to product launch and post-launch evaluation.

• Idea generation

• Market research

• Product design

• Prototype development

• Testing and feedback

• Manufacturing

• Marketing and sales

• Post-launch evaluation