Deloitte Interview Questions and Answers

Adding a capacitor in parallel to a resistor changes the frequency response of the circuit.

• The cutoff frequency of the circuit decreases as the capacitance increases.

• The circuit becomes a high-pass filter with a -20dB/decade slope above the cutoff frequency.

• The impedance of the capacitor decreases as frequency increases, allowing more current to flow through the circuit.

• The resistor and capacitor form a voltage divider, affecting the gain of the circuit at different frequenci...read more

Adding a resistor to a capacitor changes the frequency response of the circuit.

• The cutoff frequency of the circuit decreases with increasing resistance.

• The circuit becomes more attenuative at higher frequencies.

• The time constant of the circuit increases with increasing resistance.

• The circuit becomes more stable and less prone to oscillation.

• Example: A low-pass filter with a 10uF capacitor and a 1kohm resistor has a cutoff frequency of 15.9Hz.

The output response of RLC circuits is the behavior of the circuit's output voltage or current over time.

• The output response depends on the values of the resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) in the circuit.

• RLC circuits can exhibit different types of responses, such as overdamped, underdamped, or critically damped.

• The response can be analyzed using differential equations or Laplace transforms.

• For example, an overdamped RLC circuit will have a slow and smooth res...read more

Temperature has a significant effect on leakage current in analog circuits.

• Leakage current increases with temperature due to increased carrier generation and diffusion.

• Higher temperatures can cause increased leakage current through reverse-biased junctions.

• Temperature coefficients are used to quantify the change in leakage current with temperature.

• Thermal management techniques are employed to minimize the impact of temperature on leakage current.

• Example: In a CMOS transistor,...read more

Cascade structure is used to improve gain, bandwidth, and linearity of amplifiers.

• Cascade structure combines multiple amplifier stages to achieve higher overall gain.

• Each stage can be optimized for a specific frequency range, improving bandwidth.

• Cascade structure also reduces distortion and improves linearity.

• Examples include cascode amplifiers and differential amplifiers.

• Cascade structure is commonly used in high-frequency and high-gain applications.

The bandwidth of an opamp affects its ability to amplify high-frequency signals.

• Opamp bandwidth determines the range of frequencies it can amplify effectively.

• A higher bandwidth allows the opamp to amplify higher frequency signals accurately.

• A lower bandwidth limits the opamp's ability to amplify high-frequency signals.

• Opamp bandwidth is typically specified in terms of the -3dB frequency.

• Bandwidth can be improved by using compensation techniques or selecting opamps with highe...read more

Complex RC circuits are circuits that contain resistors and capacitors in a series or parallel configuration.

• The time constant of a complex RC circuit can be calculated using the product of resistance and capacitance.

• Complex RC circuits can be used in filters, oscillators, and timing circuits.

• The behavior of a complex RC circuit can be analyzed using circuit analysis techniques such as Kirchhoff's laws and nodal analysis.