200+ Interview Questions and Answers

I have knowledge of programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++. I am also familiar with web development technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Proficient in Java, Python, and C++ programming languages

• Familiar with web development technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• Knowledge of database management systems like MySQL and Oracle

• Experience with version control systems like Git

• Understanding of software development methodologies like Agile and Waterfall

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and is meant to be subclassed.

• An abstract class serves as a blueprint for other classes.

• It can have both abstract and non-abstract methods.

• Abstract methods are declared without an implementation and must be implemented by the subclasses.

• An abstract class can have instance variables and constructors.

• It provides a common interface for all its subclasses.

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.

• Inheritance allows code reuse and promotes code organization.

• A derived class can inherit from a base class and extend or modify its functionality.

• In C#, inheritance is achieved using the 'class' keyword and the ':' symbol.

• Example: class Dog : Animal { }

• The derived class can access the public and protected members of the base class.

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming.

• A class is a template that defines the properties and behaviors of objects.

• It encapsulates data and methods that operate on that data.

• Objects are instances of a class, created using the class blueprint.

• Classes support inheritance, allowing for the creation of subclasses with additional or modified functionality.

A destructor is a special member function in object-oriented programming that is used to destroy an object.

• Destructors are called automatically when an object goes out of scope or is explicitly deleted.

• They are used to release resources held by the object, such as memory or file handles.

• Destructors have the same name as the class preceded by a tilde (~).

• They do not have return types or parameters.

• Example: class MyClass { ~MyClass() { // destructor code } };

An interface is a programming construct that defines a contract for classes to implement certain methods or behaviors.

• An interface provides a way to achieve multiple inheritance in programming languages that do not support it.

• Interfaces are used to achieve loose coupling and promote code reusability.

• Classes that implement an interface must provide an implementation for all the methods defined in the interface.

• Interfaces can also contain constants and default method implementa...read more

Managing projects with repositories involves cloning, staging, committing, branching, merging, pulling, and pushing changes.

• Clone a project to work on a local copy: Use 'git clone ' to create a local copy of the project.

• Control and track changes with Staging and Committing: Use 'git add' to stage changes and 'git commit' to commit them.

• Branch and Merge to allow for work on different parts and versions of a project: Use 'git branch' to create branches and 'git merge' to merge ...read more

Encapsulation is the process of hiding internal details and providing a public interface for accessing and manipulating data.

• Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.

• It combines data and methods into a single unit called a class.

• The class encapsulates the data and provides methods to interact with it.

• Access to the data is controlled through the class's public interface.

• Encapsulation helps in achieving data abstraction, data hiding, and code reusab...read more

I know multiple programming languages including Java, Python, and C++.

• Java - used for building enterprise-level applications

• Python - known for its simplicity and versatility

• C++ - used for system programming and game development

Interface defines the contract between a class and the outside world, while Abstraction provides a generalized view of an object.

• Interface is a blueprint of a class that defines the methods and properties that a class must implement.

• Abstraction is a concept that hides the implementation details and provides a generalized view of an object.

• Interface is used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java.

• Abstraction is used to achieve encapsulation in Java.

• Interface can be implemented...read more

Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects to manage dependencies, build processes, and project documentation.

• Maven is used to manage project dependencies by automatically downloading required libraries from repositories.

• It simplifies the build process by providing a standard way to build, test, and package projects.

• Maven uses a project object model (POM) file to define project structure, dependencies, and build configurations.

• It is commonly used in Jav...read more

Program to check whether the number is Palindrome or not

• Convert the number to a string

• Reverse the string

• Compare the original and reversed string

• If they are equal, the number is a palindrome

Rajesh Gopinathan is the CEO of TCS.

• Rajesh Gopinathan became the CEO of TCS in February 2017.

• He joined TCS in 2001 and has held various leadership positions.

• Under his leadership, TCS has achieved significant growth and global recognition.

• Rajesh Gopinathan has played a key role in driving TCS' digital transformation initiatives.

• He has a strong background in finance and has contributed to TCS' financial success.

Lists are mutable, tuples are immutable in Python.

• Lists are enclosed in square brackets [], tuples are enclosed in parentheses ().

• Lists can be modified (add, remove, change elements), tuples cannot be modified once created.

• Lists are slower than tuples for iteration and indexing.

• Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3], tuple_example = (4, 5, 6)

To stop async code based on specification condition, use cancellation tokens.

• Use CancellationTokenSource to create a cancellation token

• Pass the cancellation token to the async method

• Check the cancellation token in the async method using ThrowIfCancellationRequested()

• Cancel the token when the specification condition is met

Risk management is crucial in project management. Risks can be related to budget, timeline, scope, quality, and resources.

• Identify potential risks and their impact on the project

• Assess the likelihood and severity of each risk

• Develop a risk management plan to mitigate or avoid risks

• Monitor and review risks throughout the project lifecycle

• Examples of risks include budget overruns, scope creep, resource constraints, technical difficulties, and stakeholder conflicts

Pointers are variables that store memory addresses of other variables.

• Pointers are used to access and manipulate memory addresses directly.

• They are denoted by an asterisk (*) before the variable name.

• Example: int *ptr; // declares a pointer to an integer variable

Continue statement skips the current iteration of a loop and moves to the next one, while break statement terminates the loop.

• Continue statement is used to skip a particular iteration of a loop and move to the next one.

• Break statement is used to terminate the loop and move to the next statement outside the loop.

• Continue statement is used when we want to skip a particular iteration of a loop based on some condition.

• Break statement is used when we want to terminate the loop bas...read more

Just-in-time (JIT) is a feature in Java that compiles bytecode into native machine code at runtime.

• JIT improves the performance of Java programs by reducing the time needed for compilation.

• JIT is enabled by default in most Java virtual machines.

• JIT can be disabled using the -Xint option.

• JIT can also be configured using various options such as -XX:CompileThreshold and -XX:MaxInlineLevel.

Transaction keys are used to identify different types of transactions in asset accounting.

• Transaction keys are used to record different types of transactions such as acquisition, retirement, transfer, and revaluation of assets.

• Each transaction key has a unique four-digit code that is used to identify the transaction type.

• Transaction keys are used to determine the general ledger accounts that are affected by the transaction.

• Examples of transaction keys include 1000 for asset a...read more

Yes, I am technical and have experience using digital marketing strategies to drive profit for companies.

• I have a strong technical background in digital marketing tools and platforms.

• I have successfully implemented digital marketing campaigns that have resulted in increased profits for previous companies.

• I am proficient in analyzing data and using it to optimize marketing strategies for maximum profitability.

Swapping numbers without using a third variable.

• Add the two numbers to be swapped

• Assign the sum to the first variable

• Subtract the second variable from the sum and assign it to the second variable

• Subtract the second variable from the first variable and assign it to the first variable

A null pointer is a pointer that does not point to any memory location.

• A null pointer is represented by the value 0 or NULL.

• Dereferencing a null pointer results in a segmentation fault.

• Null pointers are commonly used to indicate the end of a linked list or array.

• Null pointers can be assigned to any pointer type.

Classes in C++ are user-defined data types that encapsulate data and functions.

• Classes are used for object-oriented programming.

• They allow for data abstraction and encapsulation.

• Classes can have member variables and member functions.

• Objects are instances of classes.

• Inheritance and polymorphism are key features of classes.

Python has introduced new technologies like asyncio, type hints, data classes, and more.

• Asyncio for asynchronous programming

• Type hints for static type checking

• Data classes for creating classes with less boilerplate code

A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

• Pointers allow direct manipulation of memory.

• They are used to access and modify data indirectly.

• Pointers are commonly used in dynamic memory allocation.

• Example: int* ptr; // declares a pointer to an integer variable.

The command for checking system connectivity is 'ping'

• The 'ping' command is used to test the reachability of a host on an IP network

• It sends ICMP echo request packets to the target host and waits for a response

• The response time and packet loss can be used to determine the connectivity status

HashMap is a key-value pair collection while HashSet is a collection of unique elements.

• HashMap stores key-value pairs while HashSet stores unique elements.

• HashMap allows duplicate values but keys must be unique, while HashSet does not allow duplicates.

• HashMap uses keys to retrieve values, while HashSet does not have keys and values are the same.

• Example: HashMap map = new HashMap<>(); HashSet set = new HashSet<>();

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were objects of the same class.

• It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Example: A parent class Animal can have child classes like Dog, Cat, and Cow. All these child classes can have their own implementation of the method 'makeSound', which is defined in the parent class.

• Polymorphism makes code more flexible and reusab...read more

Questions on float, double and programming to display amount based on current bill for Applications Engineer role.

• Float and double are data types used to represent decimal numbers with different precision levels.

• A program to display amount based on current bill can be written using basic arithmetic operations and input/output functions.

• Example: float num1 = 10.5; double num2 = 20.75; printf("Total amount: %.2f", num1 + num2);

• Example: float bill = 100.50; float tax = 10.05; fl...read more

Primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table while foreign key refers to a field in another table.

• Primary key is used to enforce data integrity and ensure uniqueness of records.

• Foreign key is used to establish a relationship between two tables.

• A table can have only one primary key but multiple foreign keys.

• Primary key cannot have null values while foreign key can have null values.

• Example: In a database of students and courses, student_id can be a primary key in the stu...read more

User accounts in Active Directory can be created using Active Directory Users and Computers tool or PowerShell commands.

• Open Active Directory Users and Computers tool

• Navigate to the desired organizational unit (OU)

• Right-click on the OU and select 'New' -> 'User'

• Fill in the required user details such as username, password, etc.

• Alternatively, use PowerShell commands like New-ADUser to create user accounts

To install a network printer in Windows, you need to add a printer using the 'Devices and Printers' option in Control Panel.

• Go to Control Panel and select 'Devices and Printers'.

• Click on 'Add a printer'.

• Choose 'Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer'.

• Select the network printer from the list or enter the printer's IP address.

• Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.

A list is mutable and can be changed, while a tuple is immutable and cannot be changed.

• List is defined using square brackets [], while tuple is defined using parentheses ().

• Elements in a list can be modified, added, or removed, while elements in a tuple cannot be changed once defined.

• Lists are typically used for collections of items that may need to be modified, while tuples are used for fixed collections of items.

• Example: list - [1, 2, 3], tuple - (4, 5, 6)

Hardware requirements for Windows 10 installation include processor, RAM, storage, and graphics card.

• Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC

• RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit

• Storage: 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS

• Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver

JDBC is a Java API for connecting and executing SQL queries on a database.

• JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity.

• It allows Java programs to interact with databases.

• We use JDBC by loading the driver, establishing a connection, creating a statement, executing queries, and handling results.

• Example: Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/database", "username", "password");

Power BI is better than others due to its user-friendly interface, powerful data visualization capabilities, and seamless integration with other Microsoft products.

• User-friendly interface allows for easy data analysis and visualization

• Powerful data visualization capabilities help in creating insightful reports and dashboards

• Seamless integration with other Microsoft products like Excel, Azure, and Dynamics 365 enhances productivity and collaboration

Structures are user-defined data types that allow storing multiple data types under a single name.

• Structures are used to group related data together.

• They can contain variables of different data types.

• Structures can also contain functions.

• Structures are defined using the 'struct' keyword.

• Example: struct student { char name[20]; int age; float marks; };

• Structures can be passed as arguments to functions.

• They can also be used to create linked lists and other data structures.

Wrapper classes in Java are classes that allow primitive data types to be accessed as objects.

• Wrapper classes provide a way to convert primitive data types into objects.

• They are used when an object is required, such as in collections or generics.

• Examples include Integer for int, Double for double, Boolean for boolean, etc.

Python is called an interpreted language because it executes code line by line at runtime.

• Python code is not compiled into machine code before execution, instead it is translated into intermediate code which is then interpreted by the Python interpreter.

• This allows for easier debugging and dynamic typing, as code can be executed and tested immediately without the need for compilation.

• Interpreted languages like Python are generally slower than compiled languages, as the code i...read more

Program to reverse a string

• Use a loop to iterate through the characters of the string

• Create a new string and append each character in reverse order

• Return the reversed string

OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent real-world entities. Project details can be explained using OOP concepts.

• OOP is based on the concept of classes and objects

• Classes are like blueprints for objects

• Objects have properties and methods

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key OOP concepts

• Example: A car class can have properties like make, model, and year, and methods like start and stop

A nested structure is a structure within another structure in programming.

• It allows for more complex data structures to be created

• It can be used in various programming languages such as C++, Java, and Python

• An example of a nested structure is a struct within a struct in C++

Delete removes specific rows from a table, truncate removes all rows from a table, and drop removes the entire table.

• Delete is a DML command that removes specific rows from a table based on a condition.

• Truncate is a DDL command that removes all rows from a table but keeps the table structure.

• Drop is a DDL command that removes the entire table along with its structure.

Different types of queues include linear, circular, priority, and double-ended.

• Linear queue follows a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) order.

• Circular queue is similar to linear queue but the last element points to the first element.

• Priority queue assigns a priority to each element and dequeues the highest priority element first.

• Double-ended queue allows insertion and deletion at both ends.

Swapping array elements and reversing string using recursion.

• Create a recursive function that swaps the first and last elements of the array until the middle is reached.

• Create a recursive function that reverses the string by swapping the first and last characters until the middle is reached.

• Use a temporary variable to store the value of the element being swapped.

• Make sure to handle edge cases such as empty arrays or strings.

Demonstrate coding skills with small code snippets

• Use loops to iterate through arrays or perform repetitive tasks

• Implement basic algorithms like sorting or searching

• Show understanding of data structures like arrays, strings, or objects

Optional class is used to handle null values in Java, preventing NullPointerExceptions.

• Optional class was introduced in Java 8 to provide a more elegant way of handling null values.

• It encourages developers to explicitly handle the presence or absence of a value, rather than relying on null checks.

• Optional class has methods like isPresent(), get(), orElse(), etc. to work with optional values.

• Using Optional class can make code more readable and less error-prone.

• Example: Optiona...read more

Multiple Inheritance is a feature in object-oriented programming where a class can inherit properties and behavior from multiple parent classes.

• A class can inherit from more than one class using multiple inheritance.

• It can lead to the diamond problem where two parent classes have a common method or attribute.

• Languages like C++ support multiple inheritance while Java does not.

• It can be useful in creating complex class hierarchies and reusing code.

• Example: A class 'Athlete' can...read more

Classes are templates for creating objects that have similar properties and methods.

• Classes are used in object-oriented programming.

• They define the properties and methods that objects of that class will have.

• Objects are instances of a class.

• Classes can inherit properties and methods from other classes.

• Examples of classes include 'Person', 'Car', and 'Animal'.

To delete the middle element of a linked list, find the middle element using slow and fast pointers, then remove it by adjusting the pointers.

• Use slow and fast pointers to find the middle element

• Adjust pointers to remove the middle element

• Update the links to maintain the integrity of the linked list

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for web development. Full form is Hypertext Preprocessor. Latest version is PHP 8.0.

• PHP is a popular scripting language for creating dynamic web pages.

• Full form of PHP is Hypertext Preprocessor.

• Latest version of PHP is PHP 8.0, released in November 2020.

List and tuple are data structures in Python. List is mutable while tuple is immutable. Difference lies in their usage and properties.

• List is a collection of items that are ordered and changeable. Example: [1, 2, 3]

• Tuple is a collection of items that are ordered and unchangeable. Example: (1, 2, 3)

• Difference: Lists are mutable, meaning their elements can be changed after creation. Tuples are immutable, meaning their elements cannot be changed after creation.

GROUP BY in MySQL is used to group rows that have the same values into summary rows.

• Used with SELECT statement to group rows based on one or more columns

• Can be used with aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, etc.

• Helps in summarizing data and performing calculations on grouped data

• Example: SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department

Primary key in SQL is a unique identifier for each record in a table.

• Primary key ensures each record in a table is unique

• It can be a single column or a combination of columns

• Primary key values cannot be NULL

• Example: 'id' column in a 'users' table can be a primary key

Explain the importance of accommodating candidates who are unable to use a mouse.

• Offer alternative input methods such as keyboard shortcuts or touchscreens

• Provide training or assistance to help the candidate navigate without a mouse

• Ensure the candidate feels supported and not disadvantaged during the process

Explain the exam and rules to candidates clearly and concisely.

• Provide a detailed overview of the exam format and structure.

• Explain the rules and regulations that candidates must adhere to during the exam.

• Clarify the consequences of not following the rules, such as disqualification.

• Offer examples or scenarios to help candidates understand the importance of following the rules.

I have experience in developing automation frameworks using Agile methodology.

• Developed automation framework using Selenium WebDriver and TestNG

• Implemented Page Object Model design pattern for better maintainability

• Used Jenkins for continuous integration and delivery

• Followed Agile methodology for faster and efficient development

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams for better communication and understanding

Parameterization is the process of replacing hard-coded values with variables in performance testing scripts.

• Parameterization helps in creating realistic load scenarios by varying input data

• It reduces script maintenance efforts by centralizing data

• It enables reuse of scripts for different data sets

• Examples of parameterization include replacing user IDs, passwords, and input data with variables

I am interested in both front-end and back-end development.

• I enjoy creating user interfaces with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• I also like working with databases and server-side languages like Python and PHP.

• I believe that having knowledge of both front-end and back-end development is important for creating well-rounded applications.

Bank determination is the process of determining the appropriate bank account for a specific business transaction.

• Bank determination is a key functionality in SAP FICO module.

• It involves mapping various business transactions to specific bank accounts.

• Bank determination is based on various factors such as company code, payment method, country, and currency.

• Multiple bank accounts can be assigned to a single payment method.

• Bank determination can be configured using transaction c...read more

Designed and implemented controllers for various projects using MVC architecture

• Utilized MVC design pattern to separate concerns and improve code maintainability

• Implemented controller logic to handle user input and interact with models and views

• Ensured controllers were properly tested and integrated with the rest of the application

Java is a general-purpose programming language while JavaScript is a scripting language used for web development.

• Java is compiled while JavaScript is interpreted

• Java is statically typed while JavaScript is dynamically typed

• Java is used for developing desktop applications, web applications, and Android apps while JavaScript is used for web development

• Java code runs on a virtual machine while JavaScript code runs on a web browser

• Java has a larger standard library compared to Ja...read more

Java is object-oriented to promote code reusability, modularity, and maintainability.

• Java's object-oriented approach allows for the creation of reusable code components called objects.

• Objects encapsulate data and behavior, making it easier to manage and maintain code.

• Inheritance enables the creation of hierarchies and promotes code reuse.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Abstraction and encapsulation help in hidin...read more

Program to check if a number is prime or not.

• A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

• To check if a number is prime, iterate from 2 to the square root of the number and check if it divides the number evenly.

• If any divisor is found, the number is not prime. Otherwise, it is prime.

Virtual function is a function in a base class that is overridden in a derived class.

• Virtual functions allow a derived class to provide a specific implementation of a function that is already defined in a base class.

• They are used in polymorphism to achieve runtime binding.

• The base class function must be declared as virtual for a function in a derived class to be considered as overriding it.

A friendly function is a function that is not a member of a class but has access to its private and protected members.

• Allows a function to access private and protected members of a class

• Declared with the 'friend' keyword in the class definition

• Not a member of the class itself

I am open to doing night shifts depending on the job requirements and my personal schedule.

• I am flexible with my work schedule

• I am willing to work night shifts if it is necessary for the job

• I would prefer to have a consistent schedule, but I am open to occasional night shifts

• My personal schedule may affect my ability to work night shifts

Software development is the process of creating, designing, testing, and maintaining software applications.

• Involves writing code to create software applications

• Includes designing the user interface and user experience

• Testing the software for bugs and errors

• Maintaining and updating the software as needed

Java is a versatile programming language known for its platform independence, robustness, and large community support.

• Advantages of Java include platform independence, object-oriented programming, robustness, and large community support.

• JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine that enables a computer to run Java programs by converting Java bytecode into machine code.

• A class in Java is a blueprint for creating objects, which defines the properties and behaviors of tho...read more

You will get profit from my ability to analyze data and identify areas for improvement, resulting in cost savings and increased efficiency.

• I have experience in identifying cost-saving opportunities through data analysis

• I can help streamline processes and increase efficiency

• My skills in problem-solving can lead to better decision-making and increased profits

• I am a team player and can work collaboratively to achieve business goals

Arrays and lists are data structures used to store multiple values in a single variable.

• Arrays are fixed in size and can hold values of the same data type.

• Lists are dynamic in size and can hold values of different data types.

• Arrays and lists are indexed starting from 0.

• Arrays and lists are commonly used in programming for storing and manipulating data.

• Example of an array: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']

• Example of a list: [1, 'hello', True]