200+ TCS Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Data types are the classification or categorization of data items.

• Data types define the type of data that can be stored and manipulated in a programming language.

• Common data types include integers, floating-point numbers, strings, booleans, and arrays.

• Each data type has its own set of features and operations that can be performed on it.

• Importing files involves reading data from external files into a program for processing.

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits attributes and methods from another class.

• Types of inheritance include single inheritance, where a class inherits from only one parent class, and multiple inheritance, where a class inherits from multiple parent classes.

• Other types include hierarchical inheritance, where one class serves as a parent for multiple child classes, and hybrid inheritance, which is a combination of multiple and hierarchi...read more

OOPs is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent real-world entities. Inheritance is a mechanism to create new classes based on existing ones.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

• It focuses on creating objects that have properties and methods.

• Inheritance allows a new class to be based on an existing class, inheriting its properties and methods.

• For example, a Car class can inherit from a Vehicle class, which has properties like speed and methods like start(...read more

Monolithic is a single, large application while microservices are small, independent services.

• Monolithic architecture has all components tightly coupled together, making it harder to scale or update.

• Microservices architecture breaks down the application into smaller, loosely coupled services, allowing for easier scalability and maintenance.

• Monolithic applications are typically deployed as a single unit, while microservices can be deployed independently.

• Examples of monolithic ...read more

Python code to print a pattern using stars

• Use nested loops to iterate through rows and columns

• Use if-else statements to determine when to print a star or a space

• Adjust the range and conditions to create different patterns

• Example: Printing a pyramid pattern

• Example: Printing a diamond pattern

Swapping two numbers without using a third variable in C++ using pointers.

• Create two integer variables a and b.

• Create two integer pointers ptr1 and ptr2 pointing to a and b respectively.

• Swap the values of a and b using pointers.

• Example: int a = 5, b = 10; int *ptr1 = &a, *ptr2 = &b; *ptr1 = *ptr1 + *ptr2; *ptr2 = *ptr1 - *ptr2; *ptr1 = *ptr1 - *ptr2; // Now a=10, b=5

I have a total experience of 5 years in software development.

• I have worked on various projects using different programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++.

• I have experience in developing web applications using frameworks like Spring and Django.

• I have also worked on developing mobile applications using Android Studio.

• I have experience in database management using MySQL and MongoDB.

• I have worked in both Agile and Waterfall methodologies.

• I have experience in version cont...read more

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming. An object is an instance of a class.

• A class defines the properties and behaviors of objects.

• An object is a specific instance of a class.

• Classes can be thought of as templates, while objects are the actual instances created from those templates.

• Example: Class 'Car' may have properties like 'color' and 'model', while an object of class 'Car' could be 'red Ferrari'.

A singly linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.

• Each element in a singly linked list is called a node.

• Nodes contain data and a reference to the next node in the sequence.

• The last node points to null to indicate the end of the list.

• Traversal in a singly linked list starts from the head node and follows the next pointers.

• Insertion and deletion operations can be efficient in singly linked lists.

String is immutable, StringBuffer is mutable in Java.

• String is immutable, meaning its value cannot be changed once it is created.

• StringBuffer is mutable, meaning its value can be changed after it is created.

• StringBuffer is synchronized, making it thread-safe for use in multi-threaded environments.

• StringBuffer is slower than String for most operations due to synchronization.

• Example: String str = "Hello"; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("World");

Spring is a framework for building Java applications, while Spring Boot is an extension that simplifies the setup and development process.

• Spring is a comprehensive framework for Java development, providing features like dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, and more.

• Spring Boot is an extension of Spring that aims to simplify the setup and development of Spring applications by providing defaults and auto-configuration.

• Spring Boot includes embedded servers, such as...read more

Hoisting in JavaScript is the behavior where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase.

• Variable declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope, but not their initializations.

• Function declarations are fully hoisted, including their definitions.

• Hoisting can lead to unexpected behavior if not understood properly.

Power Pivot is used for data modeling and analysis while Power Query is used for data transformation and cleaning.

• Power Pivot is an Excel add-in used for creating data models and performing complex analysis.

• Power Query is also an Excel add-in used for data transformation and cleaning before analysis.

• Power Pivot can handle large amounts of data and create relationships between tables.

• Power Query can extract data from various sources and transform it into a usable format.

• Both t...read more

AI, or artificial intelligence, is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.

• AI involves the development of algorithms that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.

• Machine learning is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on d...read more

I am expecting a competitive salary based on my experience, skills, and the market standards.

• I am looking for a salary that reflects my expertise in software development

• I am open to negotiation based on the company's offer and benefits package

• I have researched the average salary range for software developers in this region

Program to reverse a string using array of characters

• Create a character array from the input string

• Use two pointers to swap characters from start and end of the array

• Continue swapping until the pointers meet in the middle

Recursion is a programming technique where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem.

• Recursion involves breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems and solving them recursively.

• A base case is needed to stop the recursion and prevent infinite loops.

• Examples include factorial calculation, Fibonacci sequence, and tree traversal.

Mutable objects can be changed after creation, while immutable objects cannot be changed.

• Mutable objects can have their state modified after creation, while immutable objects cannot.

• String and Integer objects are immutable in Java.

• Examples of mutable objects include ArrayList and StringBuilder.

• Immutable objects are thread-safe by default.

• Immutable objects are more secure as their state cannot be changed.

A starter dependency is a library or package that is commonly used as a starting point in a software project.

• Starter dependencies often provide basic functionality or boilerplate code to kickstart development.

• Examples include 'create-react-app' for React projects and 'spring-boot-starter-web' for Spring Boot projects.

Yes, I am open to hybrid working arrangements that combine remote and in-office work.

• I am comfortable with a mix of working from home and in the office

• I have experience successfully collaborating with team members remotely

• I am adaptable and can manage my time effectively in different work environments

Event Emitter is a class in Node.js that allows objects to subscribe to events and be notified when those events occur.

• Event Emitter is a core module in Node.js

• It allows multiple objects to listen for and respond to events

• Objects can emit events using the 'emit' method

• Listeners can be added using the 'on' method

• Example: const EventEmitter = require('events');

Event loop is a mechanism that allows for asynchronous programming by handling events and callbacks.

• Event loop is a single-threaded mechanism used in programming languages like JavaScript to handle asynchronous operations.

• It continuously checks the call stack for any functions that need to be executed, and processes them in a non-blocking manner.

• Event loop allows for efficient handling of I/O operations, timers, and callbacks without blocking the main thread.

• Example: In Node....read more

AWS EC2 is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. S3 bucket is a storage service for the internet.

• AWS EC2 stands for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, which allows users to rent virtual servers on which to run their own applications.

• EC2 instances can be easily scaled up or down based on demand, making it a flexible and cost-effective solution for hosting applications.

• S3 bucket is a storage service provided by AWS, where users can store and retrieve a...read more

I enjoy preparing homemade pizza from scratch, including making the dough and sauce.

• I love experimenting with different toppings like fresh mozzarella, basil, and prosciutto.

• I take pride in kneading the dough by hand and letting it rise for the perfect crust.

• I enjoy the process of making the sauce from scratch using fresh tomatoes, garlic, and herbs.

To get the latest version, check the official website or app store for updates.

• Check the official website or app store for updates

• Look for release notes or changelogs to see what's new

• Consider subscribing to the software's newsletter or social media for announcements

The software development lifecycle is a process used by software developers to design, develop, test, and deploy software applications.

• 1. Planning: Define project scope, requirements, and timeline.

• 2. Design: Create a detailed design of the software architecture.

• 3. Development: Write code based on the design specifications.

• 4. Testing: Test the software for bugs and errors.

• 5. Deployment: Release the software to users and provide support.

• 6. Maintenance: Update and maintain the s...read more

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs.

• JVM is responsible for converting Java bytecode into machine code that can be executed by the computer's processor.

• It provides a layer of abstraction between the Java application and the underlying hardware.

• JVM is platform-independent, allowing Java programs to run on any device that has a JVM implementation.

• Examples of JVM implementations include Oracle HotSpot, OpenJ9, and GraalVM.

Components in Angular are reusable building blocks that encapsulate HTML, CSS, and TypeScript code.

• Components are the basic building blocks of an Angular application

• Each component consists of a TypeScript class, an HTML template, and a CSS file

• Components help in organizing the application into smaller, reusable pieces

• Components can communicate with each other using @Input and @Output decorators

• Example: AppComponent is the root component in an Angular application

The question is unclear and requires clarification.

• Can you please provide more context or clarify the question?

• I'm not sure what you mean by 'rounds'. Could you please explain?

• Without more information, I cannot provide a meaningful answer.

Method overloading is when a class has multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overloading allows for more flexibility in method calls

• The compiler determines which method to call based on the number and types of arguments passed

• Example: public void print(int num) and public void print(String str) are overloaded methods

Reverse a string in python

• Use the slicing technique to reverse a string in python

• The syntax for slicing is string[start:end:step]

• To reverse a string, set the start and end as empty and step as -1

• Example: 'hello'[::-1] will return 'olleh'

Binding in WPF is a way to connect the data in your application to the user interface elements.

• Binding allows you to automatically synchronize the data between the source and the target.

• You can use different types of bindings like one-way, two-way, and one-time.

• Examples include binding a textbox to a property in a view model or binding a list to a listbox.

Data templates are predefined structures used to organize and format data in a consistent manner.

• Data templates help ensure data consistency and accuracy.

• They provide a framework for organizing and presenting data in a standardized way.

• Examples include HTML templates for web pages, document templates in word processors, and database templates for storing information.

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits attributes and methods from another class.

• Allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class

• Types include single inheritance, multiple inheritance, and multilevel inheritance

• Example: Class B inherits from Class A, gaining access to its attributes and methods

Hooks in React are functions that let you use state and other React features without writing a class.

• Hooks were introduced in React 16.8 to allow developers to use state and other React features in functional components.

• useState() hook is used to add state to functional components.

• useEffect() hook is used to perform side effects in functional components.

• Custom hooks can be created to reuse stateful logic across multiple components.

Indexing is used to optimize database queries by creating data structures that allow for faster retrieval of information.

• Indexing involves creating data structures like B-trees or hash tables to store key-value pairs for faster retrieval.

• Indexes can be created on columns in database tables to speed up search queries.

• Examples of indexing include creating a primary key index on a unique identifier column or a non-clustered index on a frequently searched column.

Technical explanation of what?

• Please provide more context or specify the topic

• Without more information, it's difficult to give a meaningful answer

Code a function to reverse a string in Python

• Use the built-in function '[::-1]' to reverse the string

• Alternatively, you can use a loop to iterate through the string in reverse order

Oops concept stands for Object-Oriented Programming concepts which include principles like inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Oops concept is based on the idea of objects and classes.

• It includes principles like inheritance, where a class can inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Encapsulation involves bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single ...read more

Java program to sort 10 numbers

• Use Arrays.sort() method to sort the array of numbers

• Declare an array of size 10 and initialize it with the given numbers

• Print the sorted array using a loop

A dashboard can be created using data visualization tools like Tableau or Power BI.

• Choose a data visualization tool like Tableau or Power BI

• Connect the tool to your data source

• Select the type of visualization you want to use (e.g. bar chart, pie chart, line graph)

• Drag and drop the data fields onto the dashboard canvas

• Customize the dashboard layout and design to make it visually appealing

• Add filters and interactivity for user engagement

RPA stands for Robotic Process Automation, a technology that uses software robots to automate repetitive tasks.

• RPA automates manual tasks by mimicking human actions

• It can be used to automate data entry, invoice processing, customer service, etc.

• RPA improves efficiency, accuracy, and scalability of processes

• It does not require changes to existing systems or infrastructure

• Popular RPA tools include UiPath, Blue Prism, and Automation Anywhere

Linked list is a data structure that stores elements in a linear order and allows dynamic memory allocation.

• Consists of nodes that contain data and a pointer to the next node

• Can be singly or doubly linked

• Insertion and deletion can be done efficiently

• Traversal is slower compared to arrays

• Examples: stack, queue, hash table

Enum class is a strongly-typed class that defines a set of named constants.

• Enum class is introduced in C++11 to provide type-safe enums.

• It allows defining a set of named constants that can be used as values.

• Each constant in an enum class is treated as a separate type, preventing type mismatches.

• Example: enum class Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE };

• Example: Color c = Color::RED;

Java code to find prime numbers

• Use a loop to iterate through numbers and check if each number is prime

• A prime number is a number that is only divisible by 1 and itself

• Start checking from 2 up to the number itself, if any number divides it then it's not prime

To find the middle element of a linked list, use the slow and fast pointer technique.

• Initialize two pointers, slow and fast, at the head of the linked list.

• Move the slow pointer by one node and the fast pointer by two nodes until the fast pointer reaches the end of the list.

• The node pointed to by the slow pointer at this point is the middle element of the linked list.

The technical part refers to the specific details, processes, and components involved in the development of software.

• Includes coding, testing, debugging, and deployment

• Involves understanding algorithms, data structures, and programming languages

• Requires knowledge of software development methodologies and tools

• Examples: writing code in Java, using Git for version control, implementing Agile practices

Hiding implementation means keeping the internal details of a class or function hidden from the outside world.

• It is a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming.

• It helps in achieving encapsulation and abstraction.

• It prevents the user from accessing the internal workings of a class or function.

• Examples include private variables and methods in a class.

• It allows for easier maintenance and modification of code.

• It also enhances security by preventing unauthorized access ...read more

Program using Java 8 stream to filter even numbers from an array

• Create an array of integers

• Use Java 8 stream to filter even numbers

• Print the filtered even numbers

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column

• Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column

A destructor in Java is a special method that is automatically called when an object is no longer needed or is about to be destroyed.

• Destructors are not explicitly defined in Java like in C++.

• Java does not have a built-in destructor, but it has a garbage collector that automatically manages memory.

• The finalize() method in Java is similar to a destructor, as it is called before an object is garbage collected.

Cond parameter is a conditional parameter used in programming to execute different code based on a specified condition.

• Cond parameter is often used in functions or methods to determine which block of code to execute based on a given condition.

• It can be used with if-else statements, switch statements, or ternary operators.

• Example: if(cond) { // execute code if condition is true } else { // execute code if condition is false }

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing pre-configured settings and tools.

• Spring Boot eliminates the need for manual configuration by providing defaults for most settings.

• It allows developers to quickly set up and run standalone Spring-based applications.

• Spring Boot includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow for easy deployment.

• It promotes convention over configuration, reducing the amount of boilerplate code...read more

Java is a popular programming language with features like platform independence, object-oriented programming, and memory management. Stream API is a powerful tool for processing collections of data.

• Java is platform-independent and can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• Java has automatic memory management through garbage collection

• Stream API provides a functiona...read more

Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary information.

• Abstraction helps in reducing complexity and increasing efficiency.

• It allows us to focus on the essential features of an object or system.

• Abstraction can be achieved through abstract classes, interfaces, and encapsulation.

• For example, a car can be abstracted as a vehicle with certain properties and methods.

• Abstraction is a fundamental concept in object-oriented prog...read more

SQL joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query

• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• INNER JOIN returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables

• LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the lef...read more

DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a software system that allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to databases.

• DBMS is used to manage large amounts of data efficiently.

• It provides a way to store, retrieve and manipulate data in a structured manner.

• It ensures data integrity and security by providing access control and backup and recovery mechanisms.

• Examples of DBMS include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and MongoDB.

An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

• An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware.

• It provides a user interface to interact with the computer system.

• It manages memory, processes, and files.

• Examples of operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

Node.js is a runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript on the server side.

• Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, making it lightweight and efficient.

• It is built on the V8 JavaScript engine from Google Chrome.

• Node.js allows you to easily build scalable network applications.

• Example: Creating a simple HTTP server in Node.js - const http = require('http'); http.createServer((req, res) => { res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); res.end('Hel...read more

Python libraries are pre-written code modules that provide a wide range of functionalities to simplify and speed up development.

• Python libraries are collections of functions and methods that can be imported and used in your code.

• They help developers avoid reinventing the wheel by providing ready-made solutions for common tasks.

• Examples of popular Python libraries include NumPy for numerical computing, Pandas for data manipulation, and Matplotlib for data visualization.

OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

• It focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem.

• It includes concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Encapsulation is the practice of hiding data and methods within a class.

• Polymorphism allows obje...read more

Sorting algorithms arrange data in a specific order.

• Bubble Sort: repeatedly swap adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order

• Selection Sort: find the smallest element and swap it with the first element, repeat for remaining elements

• Insertion Sort: insert each element into its proper place in a sorted subarray

• Merge Sort: divide the array into two halves, sort each half, and merge them together

• Quick Sort: choose a pivot element, partition the array around the pivot, and rec...read more

Spring Boot is a popular framework for building microservices-based applications.

• Spring Boot simplifies the development of microservices by providing a pre-configured environment.

• It allows developers to easily create standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications.

• Spring Boot also provides a range of features for building and deploying microservices, such as embedded servers and containerization support.

• Microservices architecture allows for the development of complex a...read more

Identity HashMap is a specialized implementation of HashMap in Java that compares keys based on reference equality.

• IdentityHashMap uses reference equality instead of object equality for comparing keys.

• It is useful when keys are supposed to be the same object instance, not just equal in terms of content.

• Example: IdentityHashMap map = new IdentityHashMap<>();

DAX stands for Data Analysis Expressions and is a formula language used in Power BI, Excel, and SQL Server Analysis Services.

• DAX is used to create custom calculations and aggregations in data models.

• It includes functions for filtering, grouping, and manipulating data.

• There are two types of DAX expressions: calculated columns and measures.

• Calculated columns are computed during data model creation and are stored in the model.

• Measures are computed on the fly during query executi...read more

Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its relationship with energy and work.

• It deals with the transfer of heat and energy between systems

• It involves the study of thermodynamic properties such as temperature, pressure, and entropy

• It has applications in fields such as engineering, physics, and chemistry

• Examples include the study of engines, refrigeration systems, and phase transitions

Cookies are small pieces of data stored on the client's computer by the web server to track user activity.

• Cookies are used to store user preferences, login information, and shopping cart items.

• They can be set, retrieved, and deleted using JavaScript or server-side code.

• Cookies have an expiration date and can be either session cookies (deleted when the browser is closed) or persistent cookies (stored for a longer period).

Hash map is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses a hash function to map keys to their corresponding values.

• Hash map typically uses an array of linked lists to handle collisions.

• Each key is hashed to determine its index in the array.

• When inserting a key-value pair, the key is hashed and the value is stored at the corresponding index.

• During retrieval, the key is hashed to find the index and then the value is retrieved from the linked list at that index.

Spring features include dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, and transaction management.

• Dependency Injection: Allows objects to be loosely coupled and managed by the Spring container.

• Aspect-Oriented Programming: Separates cross-cutting concerns from the main application logic.

• Transaction Management: Simplifies handling database transactions.

• Spring MVC: Provides a framework for building web applications.

• Spring Boot: Simplifies the setup and configuration of Sprin...read more

Spring is a lightweight framework for building Java applications.

• Provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing Java applications

• Facilitates easier configuration and integration of various components

• Promotes good programming practices like dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet, including storage, databases, networking, software, and more.

• Allows users to access and use resources on-demand

• Reduces the need for physical hardware and infrastructure

• Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform

Lists can be created using arrays in programming languages.

• Declare an array variable

• Initialize the array with values

• Access elements in the array using index

API works as a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other.

• API acts as an intermediary that allows two different software programs to talk to each other

• API specifies the methods and data formats that applications can use to request and exchange information

• API can be used to access data or functionality from a remote server, such as retrieving weather data from a weather API

• APIs can be RESTful, SOAP-based, or other type...read more

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS focuses on creating objects that contain data in the form of attributes and code in the form of methods.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOPS.

• Examples of OOPS languages include Java, C++, and Python.

The life cycle of an ASP.NET web page involves various stages from initialization to rendering and disposal.

• Initialization: Page is requested and server-side code is executed.

• Load: Controls on the page are loaded with data.

• Postback Event Handling: User interacts with controls triggering events.

• Rendering: Page is rendered as HTML and sent to the client.

• Unload: Page resources are released.

• Disposal: Page is removed from memory.

C is a low-level language while Java is a high-level language with automatic memory management.

• C is compiled while Java is interpreted

• C has pointers while Java does not

• Java has built-in garbage collection while C does not

• Java is platform-independent while C is not

• Java has a larger standard library than C

• C is commonly used for system programming while Java is used for web and mobile applications

Circuit breaker pattern is a design pattern used to prevent cascading failures in distributed systems.

• It is used to handle faults that may occur in a distributed system

• It monitors the availability of a service and trips when the service fails

• It prevents the system from repeatedly trying to execute an operation that is likely to fail

• It can be reset after a specified amount of time or after the service has recovered

• Examples include Hystrix, Netflix's implementation of the circu...read more

JSON parsing is the process of converting JSON data into a usable format in a programming language.

• JSON parsing involves extracting data from a JSON string and converting it into a data structure like an object or array.

• Common methods for JSON parsing include using built-in functions like JSON.parse() in JavaScript.

• JSON parsing is essential for interacting with APIs that return data in JSON format.

XML parsing is the process of reading and interpreting XML data to extract relevant information.

• XML parsing involves analyzing the structure of XML documents to extract data.

• It can be done using programming languages like Java, C#, Python, etc.

• XML parsers can validate the XML document against a schema to ensure its correctness.

• Common XML parsing techniques include DOM parsing and SAX parsing.

A session is a way to store information (state) about a user's interactions with a website or application.

• Sessions are used to maintain user-specific data across multiple pages or interactions.

• Sessions typically involve a unique identifier (session ID) that is stored on the server and passed to the client.

• Session data can include user preferences, shopping cart contents, login status, etc.

• Sessions can be implemented using cookies, URL parameters, hidden form fields, or server...read more

Implement a data structure or algorithm in code.

• Use arrays, linked lists, trees, graphs, or hash tables.

• Examples: Implementing a stack using an array, sorting an array using quicksort.

• Focus on efficiency and correctness of the code.

• Consider time and space complexity of the algorithm.

Devops is a software development methodology that combines software development (Dev) with IT operations (Ops) to shorten the systems development life cycle.

• Devops focuses on collaboration, automation, and integration between developers and IT operations teams.

• It aims to improve the speed and quality of delivering software applications.

• Devops practices include continuous integration, continuous delivery, and infrastructure as code.

• Tools commonly used in Devops include Jenkins...read more

EC2 is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.

• Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a virtual server in AWS that allows users to run applications on the cloud.

• Users can choose the instance type, operating system, and storage options for their EC2 instances.

• EC2 instances can be easily scaled up or down based on the user's needs.

• Examples of EC2 instances include t2.micro, m5.large, and c5.xlarge.

Null value represents a variable with no value assigned to it.

• Null value is used to indicate that a variable does not have a value.

• It is different from an empty string or zero.

• Null is often used in databases to represent missing or unknown data.

• In programming languages like Java, C#, and JavaScript, null is a special value that represents the absence of a value.

A data table is a way to organize data in rows and columns for easy access and manipulation.

• Data tables are commonly used in databases to store and organize large amounts of data.

• Each row in a data table represents a single record or entry, while each column represents a specific attribute or field.

• Data tables can be sorted, filtered, and searched to quickly find and analyze data.

• Examples of data table software include Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and SQL databases.

Java is a popular programming language known for its portability, security, and versatility.

• Java is an object-oriented programming language used for developing a wide range of applications.

• It is platform-independent, meaning it can run on any device that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• Java is known for its strong security features, making it a popular choice for building secure applications.

• It is widely used in web development, mobile app development, and enterprise softwar...read more

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like public, private, and protected.

• It helps in achieving data abstraction and information hiding.

• It prevents unauthorized access to data and protects data from external interference.

• Example: A class with private variables and public methods to access those variables.

• Example: A bank account class with private balance variable...read more

JavaScript is a versatile programming language used for web development, allowing for dynamic and interactive website functionality.

• JavaScript is the only programming language that can be executed directly in a web browser, making it essential for front-end web development.

• It enables the creation of interactive elements like forms, animations, and dynamic content on websites.

• JavaScript can be used for both client-side and server-side development, making it a versatile languag...read more

JavaScript is a versatile programming language used for creating interactive web pages and web applications.

• JavaScript allows for dynamic and interactive web content.

• It can be used for client-side and server-side development.

• JavaScript has a large and active community, with extensive libraries and frameworks available.

• It is supported by all major web browsers.

• JavaScript can be used for creating games, mobile apps, and desktop applications.

Content authoring allows for easy creation and management of digital content.

• Streamlined content creation process

• Consistent branding and messaging

• Ability to collaborate with team members

• Integration with other tools and platforms

• Improved content quality and relevance

Paging is a memory management technique used in operating systems to divide memory into fixed-size blocks called pages.

• Paging allows for efficient memory allocation and management.

• It helps in reducing external fragmentation.

• Pages are stored in a page table, which maps logical addresses to physical addresses.

• When a process needs to access a page, the page table is used to translate the logical address to a physical address.

• Paging also enables virtual memory, allowing processes...read more

Our current project architecture follows a microservices design pattern with Docker containers for scalability and flexibility.

• Microservices design pattern is used for modular and independent services

• Docker containers are utilized for easy deployment and scalability

• Service communication is done through RESTful APIs

Saga design pattern is used to manage long-lived transactions in distributed systems by breaking them into smaller, more manageable units.

• Saga pattern involves breaking a long transaction into smaller, independent transactions called sagas.

• Each saga consists of a series of steps that are executed in a specific order.

• If a step fails, compensating transactions are executed to undo the changes made by the previous steps.

• Saga pattern ensures that the system remains consistent eve...read more

SQL queries for software developer interview

• SELECT * FROM table_name;

• SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;

• UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value WHERE condition;

• DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

Binary search is a divide and conquer algorithm that efficiently finds the target value within a sorted array.

• Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array and eliminates half of the remaining elements each time.

• It requires the array to be sorted in ascending or descending order.

• The time complexity of binary search is O(log n).

OOPs concepts are the pillars of object-oriented programming that help in building robust and scalable software applications.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together and restricting access to data from outside the class.

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms or have multiple behavio...read more

The importance of version control in software development

• Version control is a system that tracks changes to files over time

• It allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously

• Helps in managing codebase, tracking bugs, and rolling back changes

• Examples of version control systems include Git, SVN, and Mercurial

My future goal is to become a senior software developer and eventually a tech lead, leading a team of developers to create innovative solutions.

• Continue learning and improving my technical skills through courses and certifications

• Gain experience in different areas of software development such as front-end, back-end, and mobile development

• Work on challenging projects that push my limits and allow me to grow as a developer

Build in JCL is a job control language statement used to compile and link programs in mainframe environments.

• Build statement is used to compile and link programs in JCL.

• It specifies the program to be compiled and linked, as well as any necessary parameters.

• Example: //BUILD EXEC PGM=IEBGENER,PARM='INPUT=SYSUT1,OUTPUT=SYSUT2'