100+ Interview Questions and Answers

C++ is an object-oriented programming language with additional features compared to C.

• C++ supports object-oriented programming concepts like classes and inheritance, while C does not.

• C++ has a richer standard library compared to C.

• C++ allows for function overloading and templates, which are not available in C.

Tools commonly used for system engineering include requirements management tools, modeling and simulation software, and configuration management tools.

• Requirements management tools help capture, track, and manage system requirements throughout the development process (e.g. IBM DOORS, Jama Connect)

• Modeling and simulation software allows engineers to create virtual models of systems to analyze performance and behavior (e.g. MATLAB Simulink, ANSYS)

• Configuration management tools ...read more

Services in Android are components that run in the background to perform long-running operations.

• Services can be used to play music in the background while the user interacts with other apps.

• They can also be used to download files from the internet even when the app is not in the foreground.

• Services can run indefinitely or be scheduled to run at specific times.

• They can communicate with other components using broadcasts, intents, or bound services.

Pointers in C are variables that store memory addresses. They are used to manipulate data and create dynamic data structures.

• Pointers allow direct access to memory locations

• They are used for dynamic memory allocation

• Pointers can be used to pass arguments by reference

• They enable the creation of complex data structures like linked lists and trees

Yes, I have done usability testing.

• Conducted usability testing on multiple projects

• Used various methods such as moderated and unmoderated testing

• Analyzed results and provided recommendations for improvements

Linux booting involves several stages including BIOS, bootloader, kernel loading, and initialization.

• BIOS performs Power-On Self Test (POST) and locates the bootloader

• Bootloader (GRUB, LILO) loads the kernel into memory

• Kernel initializes hardware, mounts the root filesystem, and starts init process

• Init process (systemd, SysVinit) starts user space processes and services

Different types of databases include relational, NoSQL, graph, and document databases.

• Relational databases store data in tables with rows and columns (e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL)

• NoSQL databases are non-relational and can handle unstructured data (e.g. MongoDB, Cassandra)

• Graph databases use graph structures for semantic queries (e.g. Neo4j, Amazon Neptune)

• Document databases store data in documents (e.g. Couchbase, Firebase)

V-model is a software development model that emphasizes the relationship between each phase of development and its corresponding testing phase.

• V-model is a sequential path of the waterfall model where testing is done in parallel with the development phase.

• Each phase must be completed before the next phase begins.

• It involves verification and validation activities at each stage to ensure high-quality software.

• The V-shaped diagram represents the relationship between each phase o...read more

Azimuth is the angle between a celestial object and the observer's true north horizon.

• Azimuth is measured in degrees from 0 to 360, with 0 being north, 90 being east, 180 being south, and 270 being west.

• It is commonly used in astronomy and navigation to determine the direction of an object in the sky.

• Azimuth can also be calculated using a compass or GPS device to determine the direction of travel.

• In virtual reality and gaming, azimuth is used to track the orientation of the u...read more

UDS and CAN are communication protocols used in automotive systems.

• UDS (Unified Diagnostic Services) is a protocol used for diagnostic communication between a tester and an electronic control unit (ECU) in vehicles.

• CAN (Controller Area Network) is a communication protocol used for high-speed data exchange between ECUs in vehicles.

• UDS is primarily used for diagnostic purposes, such as reading and clearing fault codes, while CAN is used for real-time data exchange between ECUs....read more

Developed a web application for tracking inventory and sales data

• Used React for front-end development

• Implemented RESTful APIs using Node.js

• Utilized MongoDB for database storage

Waterfall model is a linear sequential software development process.

• It follows a step-by-step approach where progress flows in one direction, like a waterfall.

• Each phase must be completed before moving on to the next phase.

• Examples of phases in waterfall model: requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment.

To reverse a 32 byte number, swap the first and last byte, second and second last byte, and so on.

• Iterate through the first half of the number and swap each byte with its corresponding byte from the second half.

• Use bitwise operations to swap the bytes.

• Convert the number to a string, reverse the string, and convert it back to a number.

Packages in Java are used to organize classes and interfaces into namespaces for better code organization and reusability.

• Packages help in avoiding naming conflicts by grouping related classes together.

• Packages can be nested within each other to create a hierarchical structure.

• Packages are declared using the 'package' keyword at the beginning of a Java file.

• Example: 'package com.example.myapp;' declares a package named 'com.example.myapp'.

The technologies used in my project include Selenium WebDriver, Java, TestNG, Maven, and Jenkins.

• Selenium WebDriver for automating web browsers

• Java for writing test scripts

• TestNG for test execution and reporting

• Maven for project management and dependency management

• Jenkins for continuous integration and test execution

Merge Sort is a popular sorting algorithm that uses the divide and conquer strategy.

• Divide the array into two halves

• Recursively sort each half

• Merge the sorted halves back together

Passion for creating innovative products and solving customer problems drives my interest in product management.

• Passion for innovation and problem-solving

• Desire to create products that meet customer needs

• Interest in market research and strategy development

• Enjoy collaborating with cross-functional teams

• Excitement for driving product success and growth

Code to check if a given string is a palindrome

• Iterate through the string from both ends and compare characters

• Use built-in functions like reverse() to simplify the code

• Consider ignoring spaces and punctuation for a more accurate check

Processes are independent entities while threads are lightweight sub-processes within a process.

• Processes have their own memory space while threads share the same memory space within a process.

• Processes are heavyweight in terms of resources while threads are lightweight.

• Processes communicate with each other through inter-process communication mechanisms like pipes or sockets, while threads can communicate directly through shared memory.

• Example: A web browser running multiple ...read more

Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm used to minimize a function by iteratively moving towards the direction of steepest descent.

• Gradient descent is commonly used in machine learning to optimize the parameters of a model by minimizing the cost function.

• It works by calculating the gradient of the cost function with respect to each parameter and updating the parameters in the opposite direction of the gradient.

• The learning rate determines the size of the steps taken du...read more

A stale exception occurs when a test script tries to interact with an element that is no longer available or has changed.

• Occurs when an element referenced in a test script is no longer present on the webpage

• Commonly seen in automated testing when the DOM structure changes dynamically

• Can be resolved by updating the test script to handle the new element structure

• May also occur if the element's properties have changed, such as ID or class name

Electric vehicles are vehicles that run on electricity instead of gasoline or diesel.

• Electric vehicles use rechargeable batteries to power an electric motor.

• They produce zero emissions and are more environmentally friendly than traditional vehicles.

• Examples of electric vehicles include Tesla Model S, Nissan Leaf, and Chevy Bolt.

• Charging stations are required to charge the batteries of electric vehicles.

• Electric vehicles are becoming more popular due to advancements in technol...read more

Extensive regional sales experience in multiple territories, consistently exceeding targets.

• Managed sales teams across various regions

• Developed and executed regional sales strategies

• Consistently exceeded sales targets in multiple territories

Extensive experience in managing key accounts, building relationships, and driving revenue growth.

• Developed and implemented strategic account plans to increase sales and customer satisfaction.

• Led cross-functional teams to address customer needs and resolve issues.

• Negotiated contracts and pricing agreements with key clients.

• Utilized CRM systems to track account activity and forecast sales projections.

Extensive experience in media sales across various platforms and industries.

• Over 10 years of media sales experience with a proven track record of exceeding targets

• Strong relationships with key clients and agencies in the media industry

• Experience in selling advertising space in print, digital, and broadcast media

• Successfully launched and managed sales campaigns for new products or services

OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• OOPs focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve complex problems

• Key principles of OOPs include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• Encapsulation allows objects to hide their internal state and require all interaction to be performed through an object's methods

• Inheritance allows objects to inherit attributes and methods f...read more

Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform while VMSS is a virtual machine scale set for managing VM instances.

• Kubernetes is used for managing containerized applications and automating deployment, scaling, and operations.

• VMSS is used for managing a group of virtual machines as a single entity for high availability and scalability.

• Kubernetes provides features like self-healing, load balancing, and service discovery for containers.

• VMSS allows for easy scaling of VM instan...read more

SQL joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query

• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

Program to reverse an array of strings

• Create a function that takes an array of strings as input

• Use a loop to iterate through the array and swap elements from start to end

• Return the reversed array

The main difference between MDD and MDR transition is the increased requirements for medical device manufacturers under MDR.

• MDD (Medical Device Directive) is the previous regulatory framework for medical devices in the EU, while MDR (Medical Device Regulation) is the updated and more stringent regulation.

• MDR introduces new classification rules, stricter post-market surveillance requirements, and enhanced transparency through the EUDAMED database.

• Manufacturers need to comply w...read more

Yes, I have experience developing harnesses from scratch.

• Identify the requirements and specifications for the harness

• Select appropriate materials and components

• Design the layout and configuration of the harness

• Create a prototype and test for functionality and durability

• Iterate on the design based on test results

Clinical evaluation is the assessment of a medical device or treatment in a clinical setting to determine its safety and effectiveness.

• Clinical evaluation involves collecting and analyzing data from clinical trials or studies.

• It is used to assess the performance, safety, and effectiveness of a medical device or treatment.

• The results of clinical evaluation help determine if a medical device or treatment should be approved for use in patients.

• Regulatory bodies like the FDA requ...read more

OOPs concept stands for Object-Oriented Programming, which is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPs focuses on creating objects that contain data and methods to manipulate that data

• It involves concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction

• Example: Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class

2's complement of a number is a mathematical operation that involves flipping the bits of a binary number and adding 1 to the result.

• To find the 2's complement of a binary number, invert all the bits and add 1 to the result.

• For example, the 2's complement of 0101 is 1011.

• 2's complement is commonly used in computer arithmetic to represent negative numbers.

I am open to any location that offers a valuable learning experience and growth opportunities.

• Open to relocation for the right opportunity

• Interested in gaining diverse experiences in different locations

• Flexible and adaptable to new environments

I have executed various technical projects in the past.

• Developed a mobile application for a healthcare startup

• Implemented a cloud-based solution for a financial services company

• Led a team to create a website for an e-commerce business

• Designed and deployed a network infrastructure for a manufacturing plant

Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS).

• Redshift is designed for analytic workloads and can handle large datasets.

• It uses columnar storage to optimize query performance.

• Redshift allows users to run complex queries across multiple databases.

• It integrates with various BI tools like Tableau, Looker, and Power BI.

• Redshift Spectrum enables users to run queries against data stored in Amazon S3.

A linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.

• Consists of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node

• Can easily insert or delete elements without shifting other elements

• Types include singly linked list, doubly linked list, and circular linked list

ISO 13485 is a clause that outlines the requirements for a quality management system in the medical device industry.

• ISO 13485 is a standard specifically designed for medical device manufacturers.

• It provides a framework for organizations to establish and maintain a quality management system.

• The clause of ISO 13485 covers various aspects such as management responsibility, resource management, product realization, and measurement, analysis, and improvement.

• It emphasizes the impo...read more

Oops concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms.

• Encapsulation: Bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

My academic project was a design project where I developed a prototype for a solar-powered water purification system.

• The project involved researching existing water purification methods and identifying their limitations.

• I designed a system that utilized solar energy to power the purification process, making it sustainable and cost-effective.

• I created 3D models and conducted simulations to optimize the design and ensure its efficiency.

• The prototype was successfully built and t...read more

Reverse a string

• Use the built-in reverse() function to reverse the string

• Convert the string into an array of characters, reverse the array, and then join the characters back into a string

• Iterate through the string from the last character to the first and append each character to a new string

MDR regulation 2017/245 is a regulation that governs medical devices in the European Union.

• MDR regulation 2017/245 replaces the previous Medical Device Directive (MDD) and Active Implantable Medical Device Directive (AIMDD).

• It introduces new requirements for medical device manufacturers, importers, and distributors.

• The regulation aims to improve patient safety and ensure the quality and performance of medical devices.

• MDR regulation 2017/245 also includes stricter rules for cl...read more

OTT modules are software components that enable over-the-top content delivery on various platforms.

• OTT modules help deliver video, audio, and other media content over the internet without the need for traditional cable or satellite TV services.

• They provide functionalities such as content management, user authentication, DRM (Digital Rights Management), and analytics.

• Examples of OTT modules include video players, content recommendation engines, and ad insertion tools.

Reverse the order of strings in an array

• Iterate through the array and swap the elements from start to end

• Use two pointers, one at the beginning and one at the end, and swap the elements until they meet