STMicroelectronics Project Intern Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Q1. Function to write data to some memory location which can dynamically allocate memory and return the address details where data is present .
Ans. 
Function to dynamically allocate memory and write data to a memory location, returning the address details.
• Use malloc() or calloc() to dynamically allocate memory

• Use memcpy() or strcpy() to write data to the allocated memory

• Return the address details where data is present
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Q2. Memory Management and mapping in different scenarios.
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Memory management involves allocating and deallocating memory efficiently, while mapping involves associating memory addresses with physical locations.
• Memory management is crucial for optimizing performance and preventing memory leaks.

• Mapping involves translating virtual memory addresses to physical memory locations.

• Different scenarios may require different memory management strategies, such as stack allocation vs heap...read more
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Q3. Program to find length of bits assigned in memory using recursion.
Ans. 
Program to find length of bits assigned in memory using recursion.
• Define a recursive function to count the bits in memory

• Base case: if input is 0, return 0

• Recursive case: return 1 + function(input / 2)
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Q1. Volatile usage w.r.t to gpio initialization, how volatile can help in overwriting compiler optimization.
Ans. 
Volatile keyword prevents compiler optimization by telling the compiler that the variable's value can change unexpectedly.
• Volatile keyword is used to indicate that a variable may be changed unexpectedly, such as in the case of hardware registers.

• When initializing GPIO pins, using volatile keyword ensures that the compiler does not optimize away the initialization code.

• Without volatile keyword, the compiler may optimize...read more
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Q2. Union usage for bit assignments.
Ans. 
Unions in C/C++ can be used for bit assignments by allowing multiple variables to share the same memory location.
• Unions allow different data types to be stored in the same memory location, which can be useful for bit manipulation.

• By defining a union with multiple variables of different data types, you can access the same memory location using different variable names.

• For example, you can use a union to access individua...read more
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Q3. Explain static const usage with an example .
Ans. 
static const is used to declare constants that are known at compile time and cannot be modified
• static const int MAX_SIZE = 100; // declaring a constant integer

• static const double PI = 3.14159; // declaring a constant double

• static const char* MESSAGE = "Hello, World!"; // declaring a constant string
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Q4. Program to find the sum of all the digital in the number .
Ans. 
Program to find the sum of all the digits in a number.
• Iterate through each digit in the number and add them together.

• Convert the number to a string to easily access each digit.

• Use modulo operator to extract each digit from the number.

• Handle negative numbers by taking the absolute value before processing.
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Q5. Create a linkedlist check if list is circular if not then reverse it .
Ans. 
Check if a linked list is circular, if not reverse it.
• Create two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other to detect a cycle

• If a cycle is detected, the list is circular. If not, reverse the list by changing the pointers' directions
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Q1. Define Architecture to process real-time data .
Ans. 
Architecture to process real-time data involves designing systems that can efficiently collect, process, and analyze data in real-time.
• Utilize distributed systems to handle high volumes of data in real-time

• Implement stream processing frameworks like Apache Kafka or Apache Flink

• Use microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility

• Employ in-memory databases for fast data retrieval

• Ensure fault tolerance and data
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Q2. Various data filtering techniques.
Ans. 
Various data filtering techniques include sorting, grouping, aggregating, and applying filters based on specific criteria.
• Sorting: arranging data in a specific order, such as ascending or descending

• Grouping: categorizing data into distinct groups based on common attributes

• Aggregating: combining multiple data points into a single value, such as summing or averaging

• Filtering: selecting only the data that meets certain cr
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Q3. Mock code to initialize gpio using hal functions as well as write a function to set and clear gpio status .
Ans. 
Initialize and control GPIO using HAL functions in embedded systems.
• Use HAL_GPIO_Init() function to initialize GPIO pins

• Use HAL_GPIO_WritePin() function to set or clear GPIO status

• Example: HAL_GPIO_Init(&GPIO_InitStruct)

• Example: HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOx, GPIO_PIN_x, GPIO_PIN_SET)
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Q4. Structure which can take input as 0 or 1 , based on the input traverse the linkedlist and return the decimal equivalent of the traversed data .
Ans. 
Traverse a linked list based on input 0 or 1 to return decimal equivalent.
• Create a function that takes input 0 or 1 and traverses the linked list accordingly.

• For each node in the linked list, multiply the current decimal value by 2 and add the data of the node if input is 1.

• Return the final decimal value after traversing the linked list.
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Q1. Coding question on dll and bits
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Q2. Detect and remove loop in ll
Ans. 
To detect and remove a loop in a linked list, we can use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm.
• Use two pointers, slow and fast, to traverse the linked list

• If there is a loop, the fast pointer will eventually meet the slow pointer

• Once the loop is detected, reset one of the pointers to the head and move both pointers at the same pace until they meet again to find the start of the loop
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Practice on hackerrank, they send hackerrank link for screening round.

Q1. C, os, embedded questions
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Q1. C, data structures,os
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Q1. Previous jobs, salary discussion, relocation
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Q1. Find the length of longest common subsequence in given strings.
Ans. 
The length of the longest common subsequence in given strings is found using dynamic programming.
• Use dynamic programming to find the length of the longest common subsequence.

• Compare characters of the strings and build a matrix to store the lengths of common subsequences.

• Traverse the matrix to find the length of the longest common subsequence.
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Q2. A basic DFS based graph question.
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Write the algorithm for topological sorting.

Q1. Basic system design questions.
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Q2. Explain CAP theorem.
Ans. 
CAP theorem states that in a distributed system, it is impossible to simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
• Consistency: All nodes in the system have the same data at the same time.

• Availability: Every request gets a response, even if some nodes are down.

• Partition Tolerance: The system continues to operate despite network partitions.

• In a distributed system, you can only achieve two o...read more
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Q1. Explain your previous projects .
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Q1. What is VLSI design cycle ?
Ans. 
VLSI design cycle is the process of creating integrated circuits by going through various stages from design to fabrication.
• VLSI design cycle involves stages like specification, design, verification, synthesis, and fabrication.

• It starts with defining the requirements and specifications of the integrated circuit.

• Design phase includes logic design, circuit design, and physical design.

• Verification ensures that the design ...read more
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Q2. FIFO Pipeline depth calculation
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Q1. Verilog code debug question
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1. Reverse a singly linked list
2. Kadane Algorithm

Q1. Asked about my previous company and projects I worked on. In depth discussion on my resume. Questions on OS fundamentals.
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Q1. In depth discussion on the projects I previously worked on. Write code to explain race condition in OS. Few puzzles and numerical were given to test my analytical skills.
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Q1. Final Round with Senior Manager, testing me on all parameters aptitude, tech stack, past experience and interest in the role.
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Q1. Working of docker
Ans. 
Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications using containerization.
• Docker allows applications to be packaged into containers, which include all dependencies needed to run.

• Containers are lightweight, portable, and isolated environments that can run on any system with Docker installed.

• Docker uses a client-server architecture with a daemon process managing containers.

• Docker images are used to c...read more
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Q2. Shell scripting
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Q1. Write a shell script based on different different scenarios
Ans. 
Shell script to handle different scenarios
• Use conditional statements like if-else to handle different scenarios

• Utilize loops for repetitive tasks

• Implement error handling to address unexpected situations
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Q2. K8s architecture
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