20+ Medusind Solutions Interview Questions and Answers

Implement a function to return elements of a matrix in spiral order.

• Iterate through the matrix in a spiral order by adjusting boundaries as you move along.

• Keep track of the direction of movement (right, down, left, up) to traverse the matrix correctly.

• Handle edge cases like when the matrix is a single row or column separately.

Given two arrays of strings, find and return the common elements in the order they appear in the second array.

• Iterate through the strings in the second array and check if they exist in the first array.

• Maintain a set to keep track of common elements to avoid duplicates.

• Return the common elements as a single space-separated string in the order they appear in the second array.

Given a 2D array, find elements where sum of cube of digits equals element itself and return (i * i + j * j) value.

• Iterate through the 2D array and check if the sum of cube of digits equals the element itself.

• Calculate (i * i + j * j) for such elements and return the values.

• If no such element exists, return -1.

Convert decimal numbers to octal representation.

• Iterate through each test case and use built-in functions to convert decimal to octal.

• Ensure the output is in base-8 system with digits ranging from 0 to 7.

• Handle constraints such as number of test cases and range of decimal numbers.

SQL is a relational database while NoSQL is non-relational. MongoDB is preferred for scalability and flexibility.

• SQL is table-based while NoSQL is document-based

• SQL is structured while NoSQL is unstructured

• SQL is vertically scalable while NoSQL is horizontally scalable

• MongoDB is preferred for its ability to handle large amounts of unstructured data and its flexibility in schema design

• MySQL is preferred for its strong ACID compliance and well-established community support

A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object with a pointer to the next element.

• In Java, a linked list is implemented using the LinkedList class in the java.util package.

• LinkedList class provides methods like add(), remove(), get(), etc. to manipulate the list.

• Each element in the list is represented by a node object which contains the data and a reference to the next node.

• Linked lists are useful when the size of the list is not known before...read more

A deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed due to a circular dependency.

• Deadlock occurs when two or more processes are waiting for each other to release resources.

• To avoid deadlock, use techniques like resource allocation graph, banker's algorithm, and deadlock prevention.

• Resource allocation graph is a visual representation of resource allocation and can help identify potential deadlocks.

• Banker's algorithm is a resource allocation and deadlock...read more

ACID Properties are a set of properties that ensure database transactions are processed reliably.

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work.

• Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another.

• Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other.

• Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, it ...read more

Swap 2 numbers without using a third variable

• Use bitwise XOR operation to swap two numbers without using a third variable

• Example: a = 5, b = 7. a = a XOR b, b = a XOR b, a = a XOR b

• Ensure to handle edge cases like swapping same numbers or zero

Capital budgeting is the process of planning and managing a firm's long-term investments.

• Involves evaluating potential investments and deciding which ones to pursue

• Considers factors such as cash flows, risks, and returns

• Helps in determining the best allocation of resources for maximum profitability

• Examples include building a new factory, purchasing equipment, or launching a new product

Indices are statistical measures used to track the performance of a specific group of assets or market.

• Indices are used to provide a snapshot of the overall market or a specific sector.

• They are often used as benchmarks for investment performance.

• Examples include the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and NASDAQ Composite.

Design Redis cache

• Redis is an in-memory data structure store

• It can be used as a cache to improve performance

• Design should consider data eviction policies and cache invalidation strategies

Clean price is the price of a bond excluding accrued interest, while dirty price includes accrued interest.

• Clean price is the price of a bond without any accrued interest

• Dirty price is the price of a bond including accrued interest

• Accrued interest is the interest that has accumulated on a bond since its last coupon payment

• Clean price + accrued interest = dirty price

• Dirty price is also known as the full or invoice price

Trade Life Cycle is the process of a trade from initiation to settlement.

• Trade initiation

• Order routing

• Execution

• Confirmation

• Clearing and settlement

• Trade reporting

Fixed income securities are debt instruments that pay a fixed interest rate over a specific period of time.

• Fixed income securities are also known as bonds.

• They are issued by governments, corporations, and other entities to raise capital.

• Investors receive regular interest payments until the bond matures, at which point they receive the principal amount.

• The interest rate on fixed income securities is determined by the creditworthiness of the issuer and the prevailing market int...read more

Investment banks perform various functions such as underwriting, M&A advisory, sales and trading, research, and asset management.

• Underwriting: helping companies issue securities and managing the process of selling them to investors

• M&A advisory: advising companies on mergers and acquisitions

• Sales and trading: buying and selling securities on behalf of clients

• Research: providing analysis and recommendations on companies and industries

• Asset management: managing investment portfo...read more

Investment banks help companies and governments raise capital by underwriting and selling securities.

• Assist in mergers and acquisitions

• Provide financial advisory services

• Underwrite and sell securities

• Help clients raise capital

• Facilitate trading of securities

• Examples: Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley

The question asks for adding two linked lists, finding the minimum cost path, and printing all nodes in a tree except the leaf nodes.

• To add two linked lists, traverse both lists simultaneously and add corresponding nodes.

• To find the minimum cost path, use algorithms like Dijkstra's or A*.

• To print all nodes in a tree except the leaf nodes, perform a depth-first traversal and print non-leaf nodes.

Gustave Flaubert and Emile Zola are two prominent authors from the literary movement in France.

• Gustave Flaubert is known for his novel 'Madame Bovary' which is considered a masterpiece of realism.

• Emile Zola is famous for his series of novels called 'Les Rougon-Macquart' which explores the impact of heredity and environment on characters.

Using binary search, square root of a number can be found in log n time.

• Choose a range for the square root

• Use binary search to find the square root within the range

• Adjust the range based on whether the guess is too high or too low

India and France have significant cultural differences in terms of language, cuisine, traditions, and social norms.

• Language: India has hundreds of languages and dialects, while France primarily speaks French.

• Cuisine: Indian cuisine is known for its use of spices and vegetarian dishes, while French cuisine is famous for its cheeses, wines, and pastries.

• Traditions: India has a rich history of festivals and rituals, while France is known for its art, fashion, and literature.

• Soci...read more