Shorthills AI Software Developer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

To find the mid element in a linked list, use two pointers - one moving at double the speed of the other.

• Initialize two pointers, slow and fast, both pointing to the head of the linked list.

• Move the slow pointer by one step and the fast pointer by two steps until the fast pointer reaches the end of the list.

• The element pointed to by the slow pointer at this point is the mid element of the linked list.

let, var, and const are all used to declare variables in JavaScript, but they have different scopes and mutability.

• let: block-scoped, can be reassigned

• var: function-scoped, can be reassigned

• const: block-scoped, cannot be reassigned, but its properties can be modified

Struct is a value type while object is a reference type in C#.

• Structs are value types and stored on stack, while objects are reference types and stored on heap.

• Structs are passed by value, while objects are passed by reference.

• Structs do not support inheritance, while objects do.

• Example: struct Point { int x, y; } vs class Point { int x, y; }

Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is called with.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• It enables a single interface to be used for different data types.

• Examples include method overloading and method overriding in object-oriented programming.

Compiler programming languages convert source code into machine code before execution, while interpreter programming languages execute code line by line.

• Compiler programming languages: C, C++, Java

• Interpreter programming languages: Python, Ruby, JavaScript

Virtual functions allow a function to be overridden in a derived class

• Virtual functions are declared in a base class and can be overridden in derived classes

• They are used in polymorphism to achieve runtime binding

• Virtual functions are implemented using virtual keyword in C++

• Example: virtual void display() = 0; // pure virtual function

Friend function is a function that is not a member of a class but has access to its private and protected members.

• Friend functions are declared inside a class with the keyword 'friend'.

• They can access private and protected members of the class.

• They are not member functions of the class but have the same access rights as member functions.