60+ SG Analytics Interview Questions and Answers

The Environment pillar of ESG is closely related to the social and governance aspects as they all impact sustainability and long-term success of a company.

• Environmental factors can have social and governance implications, such as pollution affecting the health of communities or climate change impacting the stability of economies.

• Companies that prioritize environmental sustainability often have better governance practices and are more likely to consider the social impact of th...read more

The number of tickets a movie theatre can sell in a day depends on factors such as seating capacity, movie popularity, and show timings.

• Consider the seating capacity of the movie theatre

• Take into account the popularity of the movies being shown

• Consider the number of show timings in a day

• Factor in the average occupancy rate of the theatre

• Consider any special events or promotions that may affect ticket sales

Disclosure of Environment, Social and Governance covers a company's impact on the environment, society, and its governance practices.

• Environmental impact and sustainability practices

• Social impact and responsibility towards employees, customers, and communities

• Governance practices and policies, including board composition and executive compensation

• Examples include carbon emissions, diversity and inclusion initiatives, and ethical business practices

• Increasingly important for in...read more

A company should report its compliance with environment regulatory framework by disclosing its environmental impact and measures taken to mitigate it.

• Disclose environmental impact and measures taken to mitigate it

• Report on compliance with specific regulations such as emissions, waste disposal, and hazardous materials

• Include information on environmental policies and procedures

• Provide data on energy and resource consumption

• Report on environmental incidents and remediation effor...read more

The most recognized certification company for Environmental compliance and Health & Safety management is ISO.

• ISO 14001 certification for Environmental compliance

• ISO 45001 certification for Health & Safety management

• Other relevant certifications include OHSAS 18001 and ANSI/AIHA Z10

Environmental, social, governance (ESG) refers to the three central factors in measuring the sustainability and ethical impact of an investment in a company.

• Environmental factors focus on a company's impact on the environment, such as carbon emissions, waste management, and resource conservation.

• Social factors assess how a company manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities in which it operates.

• Governance factors evaluate the company's lead...read more

Independent board members are not affiliated with the company, while dependent board members have ties to the company.

• Independent board members are considered to be more objective and less influenced by company interests.

• Dependent board members may include executives, shareholders, or individuals with close ties to the company.

• Independent board members are often brought in to provide unbiased perspectives and oversight.

• Dependent board members may have personal or financial in...read more

Documents considered in ESG Research process include company reports, sustainability reports, industry publications, and third-party research.

• Company reports such as annual reports and financial statements

• Sustainability reports detailing environmental, social, and governance practices

• Industry publications providing insights on ESG trends and best practices

• Third-party research reports from organizations like MSCI or Sustainalytics

ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance. It is a framework used to evaluate a company's sustainability and ethical practices.

• ESG factors are becoming increasingly important for investors and stakeholders.

• Environmental factors include a company's impact on climate change, natural resources, and pollution.

• Social factors include a company's impact on employees, customers, and communities.

• Governance factors include a company's leadership, transparency, and accountabi...read more

ESG is a growing domain that focuses on environmental, social, and governance factors in business operations.

• ESG factors are becoming increasingly important to investors and stakeholders.

• Companies are expected to report on their ESG performance and take steps to improve it.

• ESG considerations can impact a company's financial performance and reputation.

• Examples of ESG issues include climate change, diversity and inclusion, and executive compensation.

• ESG investing involves selec...read more

Levered beta measures the risk of an asset when it is financed with debt, while unlevered beta measures the risk of an asset without considering its financing structure.

• Levered beta takes into account the impact of debt on the asset's risk

• Unlevered beta ignores the impact of debt and measures the asset's inherent risk

• Levered beta is higher than unlevered beta for assets with debt financing

• Unlevered beta is useful for comparing the risk of assets with different financing struc...read more

Board hierarchy refers to the structure and levels of authority within a company's board of directors.

• Board hierarchy typically consists of a Chairman, CEO, other executive directors, and non-executive directors.

• The Chairman is usually the highest-ranking member of the board and leads board meetings.

• The CEO is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the company and reports to the board.

• Non-executive directors provide independent oversight and guidance to the executive te...read more

Duration is a measure of a bond's sensitivity to interest rate changes, while convexity measures the curvature of the relationship between bond prices and yields.

• Duration is the weighted average time it takes to receive the bond's cash flows.

• It helps investors understand how sensitive a bond's price is to changes in interest rates.

• Convexity measures the degree of curvature in the relationship between bond prices and yields.

• It provides additional information about the bond's p...read more

SG Analytics is a global research and analytics company providing data-driven solutions to clients across various industries.

• SG Analytics offers services in market research, data analytics, and financial research.

• They have expertise in sectors like healthcare, technology, and financial services.

• The company has offices in India, the US, Switzerland, and the UK.

• SG Analytics has a team of experienced consultants and analysts who deliver customized solutions to clients.

The population of various states in India varies greatly.

• India has a diverse population with different states having different population sizes.

• The most populous state in India is Uttar Pradesh with over 200 million people.

• Other highly populated states include Maharashtra, Bihar, and West Bengal.

• Some states like Sikkim and Mizoram have relatively smaller populations.

• The population distribution across states is influenced by factors like geography, history, and economic develo...read more

ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance. It is a framework used to evaluate a company's sustainability and ethical practices.

• ESG factors are becoming increasingly important for investors and stakeholders in evaluating a company's long-term viability.

• Environmental factors include a company's impact on climate change, natural resource depletion, and pollution.

• Social factors include a company's impact on its employees, customers, and communities.

• Governance factors i...read more

Sustainability refers to the ability to maintain ecological balance and meet the needs of the present without compromising the future.

• Sustainability involves using resources in a way that does not deplete them for future generations

• It includes reducing waste and pollution, promoting renewable energy, and conserving natural resources

• Examples of sustainable practices include recycling, using public transportation, and using energy-efficient appliances

• Sustainability is important...read more

Alternative investments are non-traditional assets such as private equity, hedge funds, real estate, commodities, and collectibles.

• Alternative investments are typically less liquid than traditional investments like stocks and bonds.

• They have the potential to provide higher returns but also come with higher risks.

• Examples of alternative investments include venture capital, cryptocurrencies, and fine art.

• Investors often use alternative investments to diversify their portfolios ...read more

Forecasting revenue for an FMCG company involves analyzing historical sales data, market trends, and consumer behavior.

• Utilize historical sales data to identify patterns and trends

• Consider market trends and economic indicators that may impact sales

• Analyze consumer behavior and preferences to anticipate demand

• Factor in seasonality and promotional activities

• Use forecasting models such as time series analysis or regression analysis

• Collaborate with sales and marketing teams for i...read more

Arrays are fixed in size and store data in contiguous memory locations, while linked lists are dynamic and store data in nodes with pointers to the next node.

• Arrays have random access to elements, while linked lists require traversal to access elements.

• Insertion and deletion are faster in linked lists as compared to arrays.

• Arrays are better suited for small datasets with fixed size, while linked lists are better for large datasets with dynamic size.

• Arrays use less memory over...read more

Private equity is a type of investment where funds are raised from institutional and high-net-worth investors to acquire equity ownership in companies.

• Private equity firms typically buy out existing companies or invest in growing businesses to help them expand.

• Investors in private equity funds expect high returns, often through a combination of capital appreciation and dividends.

• Private equity investments are typically illiquid and have a long-term investment horizon.

• Private ...read more

Mutual funds are investment vehicles that pool money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities.

• Mutual funds are managed by professional fund managers who make investment decisions on behalf of the investors.

• Investors can buy shares of mutual funds, which represent a portion of the holdings in the fund.

• Mutual funds offer diversification, liquidity, and professional management to investors.

• Types of mutual funds include eq...read more

VLOOKUP is a function in Excel used to search for a value in a table and return a corresponding value from another column.

• VLOOKUP stands for 'vertical lookup'

• It is commonly used to search for a value in the leftmost column of a table and return a value in the same row from a specified column

• Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

• Example: =VLOOKUP(A2, B2:D10, 3, FALSE) - searches for the value in cell A2 in the range B2:D10 and returns the va...read more

ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance criteria used to evaluate a company's sustainability and ethical impact. CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility, which refers to a company's initiatives to contribute to social and environmental well-being.

• ESG criteria are used by investors to assess the sustainability and ethical impact of a company

• ESG factors include environmental impact, social responsibility, and corporate governance

• CSR refers to a company's ini...read more

CSR policy stands for Corporate Social Responsibility policy, which outlines a company's commitment to operate in an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable manner.

• CSR policy outlines a company's commitment to ethical behavior, compliance with laws, and respect for stakeholders.

• It includes initiatives related to philanthropy, environmental sustainability, diversity and inclusion, and community engagement.

• Examples of CSR initiatives include donating to charitab...read more

One of the pillars of ESG is sustainability, which is important for ensuring long-term viability of businesses and protecting the environment.

• Sustainability refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

• It is important for businesses to adopt sustainable practices to ensure long-term viability and profitability.

• Sustainability also helps protect the environment by reducing waste, conserving...read more

To analyze which product category each customer prefers, use customer purchase history data and apply clustering or association analysis.

• Collect customer purchase history data including products bought

• Apply clustering algorithms to group customers based on their purchasing behavior

• Use association analysis to identify which product categories are frequently bought together by customers

• Analyze the results to understand which product category each customer prefers

Total assets can be found on the balance sheet, while revenue can be found on the income statement.

• Total assets can be calculated by adding up all the assets listed on the balance sheet, including current assets and fixed assets.

• Revenue can be found on the income statement as the total amount of money earned from sales of goods or services.

• It is important to ensure that the financial statements are up to date and accurate when calculating total assets and revenue.

COVID-19 cases surge in major cities

• Increase in COVID-19 cases reported in urban areas

• Concerns rise over the spread of the virus in densely populated regions

• Health officials urge stricter measures to contain the outbreak

• Possible impact on healthcare systems and economy

• Examples: 'COVID-19 cases spike in New York City', 'Rapid rise in infections seen in London'

Hedge funds are investment funds that pool capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invest in a variety of assets.

• Hedge funds aim to generate high returns by using various strategies such as leverage, derivatives, and short selling.

• They are typically only accessible to accredited investors due to their complex and risky nature.

• Hedge funds charge both a management fee and a performance fee based on the fund's profits.

• Examples of hedge funds include Br...read more

The number of 5G subscribers in Delhi is not publicly available and requires market research.

• Market research is necessary to estimate the number of 5G subscribers in Delhi.

• The number of 5G subscribers may vary depending on the service provider.

• Factors such as network coverage and pricing may affect the number of 5G subscribers.

• The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) may have some data on 5G adoption in Delhi.

Left join returns all records from left table and matching records from right table. Right join returns all records from right table and matching records from left table.

• Left join keeps all records from the left table and only matching records from the right table

• Right join keeps all records from the right table and only matching records from the left table

• Left join is denoted by LEFT JOIN keyword in SQL

• Right join is denoted by RIGHT JOIN keyword in SQL

• Left join is useful whe...read more

I will contribute to company growth by leveraging my data analysis skills to identify trends, optimize processes, and make data-driven decisions.

• Utilizing data analysis techniques to identify trends and patterns that can inform strategic decisions

• Optimizing processes by analyzing data to identify inefficiencies and areas for improvement

• Creating data visualizations and reports to communicate insights and recommendations to stakeholders

• Collaborating with cross-functional teams ...read more

S G Analytics is a consulting firm specializing in ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) services.

• S G Analytics provides ESG consulting services to help organizations integrate sustainability practices into their operations.

• They offer ESG data analysis and reporting to assist companies in measuring and improving their environmental and social impact.

• S G Analytics helps clients develop ESG strategies and implement sustainable practices to enhance their corporate reputati...read more

Nature of business can be found by researching the products or services offered, target market, industry trends, and company mission.

• Research the products or services offered by the company

• Identify the target market and customer base

• Analyze industry trends and competitors

• Review the company's mission statement and values

Links between financial statements refer to the relationships and connections among the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.

• Financial statements are interconnected and provide a comprehensive view of a company's financial performance.

• The net income from the income statement is used to calculate retained earnings on the balance sheet.

• Changes in cash flow from the cash flow statement impact the cash balance on the balance sheet.

• The ending cash balance on th...read more

Yes, ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance. It is a framework used to evaluate a company's sustainability and ethical practices.

• ESG factors are used to assess a company's impact on the environment, society, and its governance practices.

• Investors use ESG ratings to make informed decisions about where to invest their money.

• Examples of ESG factors include carbon emissions, labor practices, board diversity, and executive compensation.

• Companies with high ESG ratings...read more

ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance. The pillars of ESG are the three key factors used to measure the sustainability and ethical impact of an investment in a company.

• Environmental: Focuses on a company's impact on the environment, such as carbon emissions, waste management, and resource conservation.

• Social: Considers how a company manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities in which it operates. This includes diversity and ...read more

Python code to select the second highest salary from dept

• Sort the salaries in descending order

• Remove duplicates from the sorted list

• Return the second element from the sorted list

KPIs of Classification Model

• Accuracy: measures the proportion of correct predictions

• Precision: measures the proportion of true positives among predicted positives

• Recall: measures the proportion of true positives among actual positives

• F1 Score: harmonic mean of precision and recall

• ROC Curve: plots true positive rate against false positive rate

• Confusion Matrix: summarizes the performance of a classification model

A hedge fund is an investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets.

• Hedge funds are typically only accessible to high-net-worth individuals or institutional investors.

• They often use a variety of strategies to generate returns, including long and short positions, leverage, and derivatives.

• Hedge funds charge both a management fee and a performance fee based on the fund's profits.

• Examples of hedge funds ...read more

TCFD, GRI, and SASB are frameworks used for reporting on climate-related financial disclosures, sustainability, and material ESG factors.

• TCFD stands for Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, providing recommendations for voluntary climate-related financial disclosures by companies.

• GRI refers to Global Reporting Initiative, offering a framework for sustainability reporting to help organizations understand and communicate their impacts on issues like climate chan...read more

Scope 1, 2, and 3 refer to different categories of greenhouse gas emissions.

• Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization, such as fuel combustion in boilers or vehicles.

• Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, heat, or steam consumed by the organization.

• Scope 3 emissions are all other indirect emissions that occur in the organization's value chain, including emissions from su...read more

Deferred expenses are costs that are paid in advance but are recognized as expenses over a period of time.

• Deferred expenses are also known as prepaid expenses.

• They are recorded as assets on the balance sheet until they are used or consumed.

• Examples of deferred expenses include prepaid rent, prepaid insurance, and prepaid advertising.

• Deferred expenses are gradually recognized as expenses through the process of amortization or allocation.

• They are typically classified as current...read more

Reconciliation is the process of ensuring two sets of records are in agreement and any discrepancies are resolved.

• Reconciliation involves comparing financial statements, bank statements, or other records to identify and rectify any discrepancies.

• It is important for ensuring accuracy in financial reporting and preventing fraud.

• Examples include reconciling bank statements with accounting records, matching invoices with payments, and verifying inventory levels.

• Reconciliation may...read more

Debt equity ratio is a financial ratio that indicates the proportion of debt used to finance a company's assets relative to the amount of equity.

• Debt equity ratio is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity.

• It helps assess a company's financial leverage and risk exposure.

• A high debt equity ratio indicates higher financial risk, while a low ratio suggests lower risk.

• For example, if a company has $1 million in debt and $2 million in equity, the debt equity ratio would ...read more

Airtel SWOT analysis

• Strengths: Strong brand image, extensive network coverage, diversified product portfolio

• Weaknesses: High competition, low profitability in some markets, limited international presence

• Opportunities: Growing demand for data services, expansion into new markets, strategic partnerships

• Threats: Intense competition, regulatory challenges, rapid technological changes

Clean energy refers to energy sources that produce minimal or no harmful emissions, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power.

• Clean energy sources are renewable and sustainable, unlike fossil fuels.

• Examples of clean energy sources include solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power, and geothermal power.

• Clean energy helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

• Investing in clean energy technologies can create jobs and stimulate economic growth.

• Trans...read more

Scope 4 refers to the indirect emissions that occur in the value chain of the reporting company, including emissions from purchased goods and services, transportation, and waste disposal.

• Scope 4 emissions are not included in the traditional greenhouse gas reporting scopes 1, 2, and 3.

• These emissions are often more difficult to measure and manage compared to direct emissions.

• Examples of scope 4 emissions include emissions from the production of raw materials used in the compan...read more

A DCF model is a valuation method used to estimate the value of an investment based on its expected future cash flows.

• Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model calculates the present value of expected future cash flows by discounting them back to their present value.

• It involves forecasting future cash flows, determining a discount rate, and calculating the net present value.

• The formula for DCF is: DCF = CF1/(1+r)^1 + CF2/(1+r)^2 + ... + CFn/(1+r)^n, where CF is cash flow and r is the ...read more

Pitchbooks are marketing materials used to pitch potential clients, while IMs are detailed documents provided to potential investors.

• Pitchbooks are used to showcase a firm's capabilities, experience, and potential deal opportunities.

• IMs provide in-depth information about a specific investment opportunity, including financials, market analysis, and potential risks.

• Pitchbooks are typically shorter and more visually appealing, while IMs are longer and more detailed.

• Pitchbooks ar...read more

Ratio analysis is a financial analysis tool used to evaluate a company's performance by comparing different financial metrics.

• Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting various ratios such as liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and efficiency ratios.

• It helps in assessing a company's financial health, identifying trends, and making comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Common ratios used in ratio analysis include current ratio, quick ratio, return on equity, and d...read more