SAP Interview Questions, Process, and Tips for Freshers

Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The level of test was really good and if you don't maintain speed , you won't even come to know when the timer of each question will finish off
Tips: 

1) Maintain speed + accuracy
2) work on Machine learning concepts
3) There was a timer associated with every question, so make sure you take care of it

Q1. 
Right View of Binary Tree
Given a binary tree of integers, your task is to output the right view of the tree.
The right view of a binary tree includes the nodes that are visible when the tree is observed...read more
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Q2. 
Duplicate Integer in Array
Given an array ARR of size N, containing each number between 1 and N-1 at least once, identify the single integer that appears twice.
Input:
The first line contains an integer...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Tips :
1) Just keep calm and ask for clarifications
2) keep the discussion interesting
3) Try to answer questions based on your experience of internship and use industry terms (plus points)
Technical Interview where questions were based on concept of machine learning, database and datastructures.

Q1. What is the internal implementation of tables in a database management system (DBMS)?
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Q2. Can you compare MongoDB and PostgreSQL?
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Q3. 
Build Max Heap Problem Statement
Given an integer array with N elements, the task is to transform this array into a max binary heap structure.
Explanation:
A max-heap is a complete binary tree where eac...read more
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Q4. Can you explain the implementation of CLOB (Character Large Object) and BLOB (Binary Large Object)?
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a Technical + HR Interview. The interviewer wanted to know more about me and asked general dsa questions too mainly focusing on heap. 
Tips: 

1) Keep calm and don't get too emotional because next question may be technical.
2) Make sure you reflect a good image in front of HR.
3) Try to draw your personal experiences from your life and specially internship

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

It was a 60 minute online coding round. 2 programming questions were asked in this round.

Q1. 
Minimum Number of Platforms Problem
Your task is to determine the minimum number of platforms required at a railway station so that no train has to wait.
Explanation:
Given two arrays:
• AT - represent...read more
Ans. 
Determine the minimum number of platforms needed at a railway station so that no train has to wait.
• Sort the arrival and departure times arrays in ascending order.

• Use two pointers to iterate through the arrays and keep track of the number of platforms needed.

• Increment the number of platforms needed when a train arrives and decrement when a train departs.

• Return the maximum number of platforms needed at any point in time.
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Q2. 
Uncommon Characters Problem Statement
Given two strings S1 and S2 comprised of lowercase alphabets, determine the list of characters that are uncommon between these strings. A character is considered unco...read more
Ans. 
Given two strings, find uncommon characters in lexicographical order.
• Iterate through each character in both strings and keep track of their frequency using a hashmap.

• Iterate through the hashmap and add characters with frequency 1 to the result list.

• Sort the result list in lexicographical order and return it as the final output.
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Round duration - 35 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The first one was a technical interview lasting for about 35 minutes. 
Firstly, he asked me to introduce myself. I told about my academics, family, achievements, strengths and hobbies. He asked about my father's occupation and what and why have I got to learn from his work. I told my hobbies as playing logical games and solving logical questions as well as net-surfing. 
He asked which type of websites do I visit and why. He asked me the areas of interest. And I told C, C++ and java. And, I prefer C++ more. He asked some basic theoretical questions. He gave me two programs to implement. Then, he gave me two SQL queries and also asked some questions on OS concepts. Then, he came to my project and asked about all my three projects done thoroughly with architecture and coding. 
Later, he asked two puzzles and I answered them correctly.

Q1. 
Swap Numbers Without Temporary Variable
Your task is to interchange the values of two numbers given as variables 'X' and 'Y' without using a temporary variable or any additional variable.
Explanation:
Y...read more
Ans. 
Swap two numbers without using a temporary variable.
• Use bitwise XOR operation to swap the values of X and Y without using a temporary variable.

• The XOR operation works by toggling the bits of the numbers.

• Example: X = 10, Y = 20. X = X XOR Y, Y = X XOR Y, X = X XOR Y. After swapping, X = 20, Y = 10.
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Q2. Explain the insertion and deletion of elements from a queue.
Ans. 
Elements can be inserted at the back of the queue and deleted from the front.
• To insert an element, use the 'enqueue' operation to add it to the back of the queue.

• To delete an element, use the 'dequeue' operation to remove it from the front of the queue.

• Insertion and deletion operations in a queue have a time complexity of O(1).
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Q3. What is a deadlock, and what are the solutions to it?
Ans. 
A deadlock is a situation in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource.
• Deadlock occurs when processes have acquired resources and are waiting for additional resources that are held by other processes.

• Four necessary conditions for deadlock are mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait.

• Solutions to deadlock include prevention, avo...read more
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Q4. What is process synchronization?
Ans. 
Process synchronization is the coordination of multiple processes to ensure they do not interfere with each other while accessing shared resources.
• Preventing race conditions by using synchronization mechanisms like locks, semaphores, and monitors

• Ensuring mutual exclusion to prevent multiple processes from accessing shared resources simultaneously

• Implementing synchronization to maintain the order of execution and avoid ...read more
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Q5. What is the difference between C and C++?
Ans. 
C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an object-oriented programming language with features like classes and inheritance.
• C is a procedural programming language, while C++ is a multi-paradigm language with support for object-oriented programming.

• C does not support classes and objects, while C++ does.

• C does not have features like inheritance and polymorphism, which are present in C++.

• C is a subset of C++, m...read more
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Q6. What is a friend function in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
A friend function in OOP is a function that is not a member of a class but has access to its private and protected members.
• Friend functions are declared inside a class with the 'friend' keyword.

• They can access private and protected members of the class.

• They are not member functions of the class, but have the same access rights as member functions.

• Friend functions are often used for operator overloading or to allow exte...read more
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Q7. What are the advantages of multithreading?
Ans. 
Multithreading allows for concurrent execution of tasks, improving performance and responsiveness.
• Improved performance by utilizing multiple CPU cores efficiently

• Enhanced responsiveness as tasks can run concurrently without blocking each other

• Better resource utilization by allowing tasks to be executed in parallel

• Facilitates easier handling of complex tasks by breaking them into smaller threads

• Examples: Web servers han...read more
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Q8. What is function overriding?
Ans. 
Function overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class.
• Occurs in inheritance when a subclass has a method with the same name and parameters as a method in its superclass

• The method in the subclass overrides the method in the superclass

• Used to achieve runtime polymorphism in object-oriented programming

• Example: class Animal { void sound() { System...read more
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