Samsung Semiconductor Senior Hardware Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is the difference between latch and flip flop
Ans. 
Latch is level triggered and stores data temporarily, while flip flop is edge triggered and stores data permanently.
• Latch is level triggered, while flip flop is edge triggered

• Latch stores data temporarily, while flip flop stores data permanently

• Latch requires continuous input to hold the output, while flip flop retains the output until a new input is received
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Q2. Draw or gate using nand gates
Ans. 
A NAND gate can be used to create a NOR gate by connecting two NAND gates in series.
• Connect the outputs of two NAND gates together

• Connect the inputs of the two NAND gates to the same input signal

• The output of the combined NAND gates will act as a NOR gate
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Q1. What kind FPGAs used, tell me difference
Ans. 
FPGAs are Field-Programmable Gate Arrays used in hardware design. They can be categorized as SRAM-based, Flash-based, or Antifuse-based.
• SRAM-based FPGAs are volatile and require reprogramming every time they power up. Examples include Xilinx Virtex series.

• Flash-based FPGAs are non-volatile and retain their configuration even when powered off. Examples include Actel ProASIC3 series.

• Antifuse-based FPGAs are OTP (One-Time...read more
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Q2. Calculation of Decoupling analysis
Ans. 
Decoupling analysis involves calculating the required capacitance to maintain stable voltage levels in a circuit.
• Decoupling analysis is essential for ensuring stable power supply in electronic circuits.

• It involves calculating the amount of capacitance needed to filter out noise and maintain voltage levels.

• Decoupling capacitors are placed strategically in a circuit to provide this filtering effect.

• The formula for calcul...read more
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Based on Electronics, Aptitude and Software

Q1. Explain the working of D flip flop
Ans. 
D flip flop is a digital circuit that stores a single bit of data and is used in sequential logic circuits.
• D flip flop has a data input (D), a clock input (CLK), a set input (S), and a reset input (R).

• When the clock input is high, the value of D is transferred to the output Q.

• When the set input is high, the output Q is set to high.

• When the reset input is high, the output Q is reset to low.

• D flip flop is used in applica...read more
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Q2. Finding factorial using C
Ans. 
Factorial can be found using a loop or recursion in C programming language.
• Use a loop to multiply the numbers from 1 to n to find the factorial of n.

• Use recursion to call the function itself with n-1 until n=1.

• Handle edge cases such as negative numbers and 0.

• Example: int factorial(int n) { if(n<=1) return 1; return n*factorial(n-1); }

• Example: int factorial(int n) { int fact=1; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) fact*=i; return fact
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Q3. Find duplicates in a string
Ans. 
To find duplicates in a string, we can use a hash table to keep track of the frequency of each character.
• Iterate through the string and add each character to the hash table with its frequency

• If a character already exists in the hash table, it is a duplicate

• Return a list of all the duplicate characters found
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