Rippling Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Asked to write a program to check whether string is valid or not. String consists of only three kind of special characters "(), [], {}". We need to return true if all special characters are in correct for...read more
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Q2. What is useRef hook used for?
Ans. 
useRef hook is used to persist a mutable value across renders without causing a re-render.
• Used to store mutable values that do not trigger re-renders.

• Commonly used for accessing DOM elements or storing previous values.

• Does not cause a re-render when the value changes.
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Q3. What are the best practices to avoid rerenders and to improve performance
Ans. 
Use memoization, virtual DOM, and shouldComponentUpdate to avoid unnecessary rerenders and improve performance.
• Implement memoization to store the result of expensive function calls and avoid recalculating them.

• Use virtual DOM to efficiently update only the parts of the UI that have changed.

• Override shouldComponentUpdate to prevent unnecessary rerenders by comparing current and next props/state.
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Q4. What are callbacks, Promises, async await
Ans. 
Callbacks, Promises, async await are asynchronous programming concepts in JavaScript.
• Callbacks are functions passed as arguments to another function to be executed later.

• Promises are objects representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• async await is a syntax for writing asynchronous code that looks synchronous, making it easier to read and maintain.

• Example: Using a callback to handle th...read more
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Q1. What is event loop, how it works.
Ans. 
Event loop is a mechanism in programming that allows for asynchronous execution of code by continuously checking for and handling events.
• Event loop is commonly used in JavaScript to handle asynchronous operations like setTimeout, setInterval, and AJAX requests.

• It works by continuously checking the event queue for any pending events, executing them one by one, and then moving on to the next event.

• Event loop helps in pre...read more
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Q2. Micro task queue and macro task queue.
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Q3. Is node.js single threaded or multi-threaded, also discuss threadpool and it's usages.
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Q4. Tell the order of output, among process, promise, setTimeout, fs, setInterval.
Ans. 
The order of output is fs, process, setTimeout, setInterval, promise.
• fs module is synchronous and will output first

• process is next in line

• setTimeout will be executed after process

• setInterval will be executed after setTimeout

• promise will be executed last
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Q1. JavaScript usages compiler or interpreter.
Ans. 
JavaScript is an interpreted language.
• JavaScript is an interpreted language, meaning it is executed line by line at runtime.

• There is no separate compilation step in JavaScript like in languages that use compilers.

• Examples of interpreted languages include Python, Ruby, and PHP.
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Q2. Tell the output among various for loops using var, let and bind.
Ans. 
Output comparison of for loops using var, let, and bind in JavaScript.
• Using var: variable is function-scoped, may lead to unexpected behavior in loops.

• Using let: variable is block-scoped, recommended for loop iterations.

• Using bind: creates a new function with a specified 'this' value and initial arguments.
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Q3. A medium level dsa question on array, solved it using pre-sum.
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Q4. Situation based question, on how to pick a suitable database.
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Q1. What do you do on daily basis, and how to decide a tech-stack on high level.
Ans. 
I work on coding, debugging, testing, and collaborating with team members. Tech stack decisions are based on project requirements, scalability, performance, and team expertise.
• Daily tasks include coding, debugging, testing, and collaborating with team members

• Tech stack decisions are based on project requirements, scalability, performance, and team expertise

• Consider factors like language compatibility, libraries/framewo...read more
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Q2. Design an online scalable, real-time document sharing application like google docs.
Ans. 
Design a scalable, real-time document sharing app like Google Docs.
• Use websockets for real-time collaboration

• Implement version control to track changes

• Utilize a distributed database for scalability

• Include user authentication and access control

• Support offline editing with automatic sync
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Q3. How to handle images also in the future.
Ans. 
Utilize cloud storage for scalability, implement image compression techniques, and regularly update image processing libraries.
• Utilize cloud storage for scalability

• Implement image compression techniques

• Regularly update image processing libraries
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Q4. Any other way to solve the problem, of high I/O on same document to overcome throughput and conflicts.
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Questions were crayon box ,the bot and the game and happy neighbourhood for 90 mins

Q1. Array basics was asked
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Q2. Segment tree,prefix sum
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Q1. Low level design was asked
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Q1. Design Booking Management System
Ans. 
Design a Booking Management System for handling reservations and scheduling.
• Create a user-friendly interface for customers to make bookings

• Implement a database to store booking information

• Include features for managing availability, cancellations, and payments
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Q1. House robber problem
Ans. 
House robber problem involves finding the maximum amount of money that can be stolen without alerting the police.
• Use dynamic programming to keep track of the maximum amount of money that can be stolen at each house.

• At each house, the robber can either choose to rob the current house and the one before the previous house, or skip the current house.

• Keep track of the maximum amount of money that can be stolen at each hous
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Q2. Solid principles
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Q3. Garbage collection
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I was asked question on sliding window on finding the largest subarray with all distinct numbers. The interviewer was very helpful.