60+ ADCO Interview Questions and Answers

The 3 main raw materials in the production of iron and steel are iron ore, coal, and limestone.

• Iron ore is the primary raw material used to produce steel.

• Coal is used as a fuel and reducing agent in the production of iron.

• Limestone is used as a flux to remove impurities from the iron ore during the smelting process.

JV stands for Joint Venture. Blacklisting is the act of excluding a company from future business opportunities due to certain reasons.

• JV refers to a business arrangement where two or more companies collaborate to undertake a specific project or venture.

• Blacklisting is the process of placing a company on a list that restricts its access to future business opportunities.

• Companies can be blacklisted for various reasons such as fraud, non-compliance with regulations, poor perform...read more

Limited tender is restricted to a select group of suppliers, while open tender is open to all interested suppliers.

• Limited tender is used when the buyer has pre-selected a few suppliers based on specific criteria.

• Open tender allows any interested supplier to submit a bid.

• Limited tender is often used for high-value or complex projects.

• Open tender promotes competition and transparency.

• Limited tender may require suppliers to be pre-qualified.

• Open tender may attract a larger numb...read more

Heat treatment is a process of heating and cooling metals to alter their physical and mechanical properties.

• The three stages of heat treatment are heating, soaking, and cooling.

• Heating is done to a specific temperature depending on the metal and desired outcome.

• Soaking is the holding of the metal at the desired temperature for a specific amount of time.

• Cooling can be done rapidly or slowly depending on the desired outcome.

• Examples of heat treatment processes include annealing...read more

The highest temperature in blast furnace is around 2300°F. It is called bf because it is used to produce pig iron.

• The temperature in blast furnace can reach up to 2300°F

• It is called bf because it is used to produce pig iron

• The process involves heating iron ore, coke, and limestone in a furnace

• The coke burns to produce carbon monoxide, which reacts with the iron ore to produce molten iron

• The limestone reacts with impurities in the iron ore to form slag

To submit online tenders in different portals, follow the specific guidelines and procedures of each portal.

• Research and identify the relevant portals for tender submission

• Create an account on the chosen portal

• Read and understand the guidelines and procedures for tender submission on the portal

• Prepare the necessary documents and information required for the tender

• Fill in the online tender form accurately and completely

• Upload the required documents and attachments

• Review and do...read more

The basic need to submit a tender is a comprehensive understanding of the project requirements and the ability to meet those requirements.

• Understanding the project requirements

• Ability to meet the project requirements

• Knowledge of the tendering process

• Competitive pricing and cost estimation

• Strong communication and presentation skills

• Compliance with legal and regulatory requirements

• Relevant experience and track record

• Strong financial stability

• Ability to provide necessary documen...read more

The number of days required to submit a tender depends on the complexity of the project and the availability of resources.

• The timeline for submitting a tender varies depending on the scope of work and the level of detail required in the proposal.

• Factors such as the size of the project, the number of stakeholders involved, and the level of competition can also impact the timeline.

• It is important to carefully review the tender documents and ensure that all requirements are met ...read more

The melting point of iron is 1538°C and its atomic number is 26.

• Iron has a high melting point of 1538°C.

• Its atomic number is 26, which means it has 26 protons in its nucleus.

• Iron is a transition metal and is commonly used in construction and manufacturing.

DRI stands for Direct Reduced Iron, a type of iron produced from the reduction of iron ore.

• DRI is produced by removing oxygen from iron ore without melting it.

• It is used as a substitute for scrap in electric arc furnaces.

• DRI is also used as a feedstock in the production of steel.

• The process of producing DRI is known as the direct reduction process.

• DRI is also known as sponge iron.

Blast furnace is a type of furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals. BF gas reaction produces carbon monoxide.

• Blast furnace is used for smelting iron ore into pig iron.

• It is a tall cylindrical structure made of steel and lined with refractory bricks.

• The BF gas reaction produces carbon monoxide, which is used as a fuel in various industries.

• The process involves the reduction of iron ore with coke and limestone.

• The molten iron is then drained from the bottom of th...read more

Alloying elements are used in steel making to improve properties like strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and machinability.

• Alloying elements are added to steel to enhance specific properties such as strength, hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance.

• Common alloying elements include chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, and vanadium.

• Chromium is added to improve corrosion resistance, nickel for toughness, manganese for hardenability, molybdenum for strength, and ...read more

There are several types of iron ore found in India.

• Hematite is the most abundant and widely found iron ore in India.

• Magnetite is another important iron ore found in India.

• Limonite, Siderite, and Iron Pyrites are other types of iron ore found in India.

• India is one of the largest producers of iron ore in the world, with an estimated 2020 production of 206 million metric tons.

Slag is a byproduct of metal smelting process. Coke is used as fuel in blast furnace.

• Slag is a glass-like byproduct of metal smelting process

• It is formed when impurities in the metal ore combine with flux to form a molten mixture

• The mixture is then cooled and solidified to form slag

• Coke, a form of coal, is used as fuel in blast furnace to produce high temperatures needed for smelting

• Coke burns with a high intensity and produces a lot of heat, making it ideal for use in blast ...read more

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements.

• Steel is a widely used material in construction, manufacturing, and transportation industries.

• The carbon content in steel can range from 0.2% to 2.1% by weight.

• Other elements such as manganese, chromium, and nickel are often added to improve the properties of steel.

• Different types of steel are produced by varying the composition and processing methods.

• Examples of steel products include beams, pipes, wi...read more

Tempering is a heat treatment process used to improve the toughness and ductility of metals.

• Tempering involves heating a metal to a specific temperature and then cooling it down slowly.

• The purpose of tempering is to reduce the brittleness of the metal and increase its toughness and ductility.

• Tempering is often used after a metal has been hardened to make it more workable.

• Examples of metals that are commonly tempered include steel, aluminum, and copper alloys.

Ceramic is a non-metallic material made from clay, while steel is a metallic material primarily made from iron and carbon.

• Ceramic is non-metallic, while steel is metallic

• Ceramic is made from clay, while steel is primarily made from iron and carbon

• Ceramic is typically more brittle than steel

• Steel is stronger and more durable than ceramic

• Ceramic is often used for decorative purposes or in high-temperature applications, while steel is commonly used in construction and manufactur...read more

Fatigue is the weakening of a material due to repeated loading, while creep is the gradual deformation of a material under constant stress.

• Fatigue is the process of progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading.

• Creep is the time-dependent deformation of a material under constant load or stress.

• Fatigue failure is often characterized by crack initiation and propagation, leading to eventual fracture.

• Creep is commonly obser...read more

Different types of steel making include basic oxygen furnace, electric arc furnace, and open hearth furnace.

• Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) - uses oxygen to reduce the carbon content in the steel

• Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) - uses electricity to melt scrap steel and produce new steel

• Open Hearth Furnace - uses a fuel-air mixture to heat the steel and remove impurities

• Other methods include Bessemer process, direct reduced iron, and secondary steelmaking processes

The new employee will fill out a Form W-4 for tax withholding purposes.

• Form W-4 is used to determine how much federal income tax should be withheld from an employee's paycheck

• It includes information such as the employee's filing status, number of allowances, and any additional withholding

• The employer will use the information on the Form W-4 to calculate the employee's federal income tax withholding

• The employee may also need to fill out additional forms for state and local tax...read more

TTT diagram is a Time-Temperature-Transformation diagram used in materials science to understand the transformation of phases in a material.

• TTT diagram shows the relationship between temperature, time, and phases in a material during cooling or heating.

• It helps in predicting the microstructure and properties of a material based on its cooling rate.

• TTT diagrams are commonly used in heat treatment processes for metals like steel to control the final properties of the material.

• T...read more

Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry, made by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.

• Pig iron is typically around 92-94% iron, with varying amounts of carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus.

• It is brittle and not suitable for use in its raw form, but can be further processed into wrought iron or steel.

• The carbon content of pig iron gives it a high carbon equivalent, making it ideal for casting purposes.

• Common grades of pig iron include grey pig ir...read more

There are 5 registers that need to be prepared under the Contract Labour Act.

• The registers are maintained by the contractor or the principal employer.

• The registers include Muster Roll, Wage Register, Register of Overtime, Register of Fines, and Register of Advances.

• These registers are used to keep track of the contract workers' attendance, wages, overtime, fines, and advances.

• The registers must be maintained in a prescribed format and must be available for inspection by the l...read more

MCB and overload relay are both electrical protection devices, but they serve different purposes.

• MCB stands for Miniature Circuit Breaker and is used to protect electrical circuits from overcurrents and short circuits.

• Overload relay is used to protect motors and other electrical equipment from excessive current that can cause overheating and damage.

• MCB operates based on the principle of thermal and magnetic tripping, while overload relay uses thermal elements to detect excess...read more

A tender checklist ensures all necessary steps are followed in the tender process.

• Identify the tender requirements

• Gather all necessary documents and information

• Prepare a tender response

• Review and proofread the response

• Submit the tender within the specified deadline

• Follow up on the tender status

EAF and induction furnace are both used for melting metals, but differ in heating method and energy consumption.

• EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) uses electric arc to heat the metal, while induction furnace uses electromagnetic induction

• EAF consumes more energy compared to induction furnace

• EAF is commonly used for steel production, while induction furnace is used for smaller scale melting or specific alloys

• Alloys of iron include stainless steel, cast iron, and carbon steel

• Beneficiat...read more

Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 deals with setting aside arbitral awards.

• Section 34 allows a party to challenge an arbitral award before a court.

• Grounds for setting aside an arbitral award include incapacity of a party, invalid arbitration agreement, etc.

• The court can also set aside an award if it finds the award is in conflict with public policy.

• Section 34 provides a limited scope for challenging arbitral awards to ensure finality and efficiency in a...read more

SN curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between stress and fatigue life of a material.

• SN curve shows the number of cycles to failure (N) against the applied stress (S).

• It helps in determining the fatigue life of a material under different stress levels.

• Materials with higher fatigue strength have a steeper slope on the SN curve.

• SN curves are commonly used in engineering to predict the durability of materials in various applications.

Lever rule is a principle used in material science to determine the relative amounts of two phases in a two-phase system.

• Lever rule is used to calculate the fraction of each phase in a two-phase system based on the weight or volume percentages of the phases.

• It is commonly used in metallurgy, ceramics, and other material science fields.

• The lever rule equation is: L = (C - A) / (B - A), where L is the fraction of one phase, A is the composition of pure phase 1, B is the composi...read more

The protection of a transformer involves various measures to ensure its safe and reliable operation.

• Overcurrent protection: Protects against excessive current flow.

• Overvoltage protection: Guards against high voltage surges.

• Under/over frequency protection: Monitors and controls the frequency of the input power.

• Temperature protection: Prevents overheating by monitoring the transformer's temperature.

• Buchholz relay protection: Detects internal faults such as oil leaks or gas accu...read more

Basic size refers to the theoretical size of a part before any tolerance is applied.

• Basic size is the starting point for applying tolerances in manufacturing.

• It is the size that the part must be in order to function properly.

• For example, if a hole is specified to have a basic size of 10mm, it means that the hole must be exactly 10mm in diameter for the part to work correctly.

ESIC contribution rate is the percentage of an employee's salary that is contributed towards the Employee State Insurance Corporation.

• The current ESIC contribution rate is 4% of an employee's salary, with the employer contributing an additional 3.25%.

• The contribution is made towards providing employees with medical and other benefits, such as sickness, maternity, and disability benefits.

• The contribution rate may vary depending on the employee's salary and the state in which t...read more

Centrifugal casting is a casting process where molten metal is poured into a rotating mold to create cylindrical or symmetrical parts.

• Centrifugal casting utilizes centrifugal force to distribute the molten metal evenly in the mold.

• It is commonly used for manufacturing pipes, tubes, and cylindrical components.

• The process allows for better control over the casting's density and grain structure.

• Centrifugal casting can be performed using various materials such as iron, steel, alu...read more

To enter the market and implement growth strategies, a company can focus on market research, product differentiation, strategic partnerships, and customer-centric approaches.

• Conduct thorough market research to identify target customers, competitors, and market trends.

• Develop a unique value proposition and differentiate products or services from competitors.

• Form strategic partnerships with complementary businesses to expand reach and access new markets.

• Adopt customer-centric a...read more

Planning process in seamless order involves creating a detailed plan to ensure smooth and efficient order fulfillment.

• Developing a detailed production schedule to meet customer demand

• Coordinating with suppliers to ensure timely delivery of raw materials

• Optimizing inventory levels to prevent stockouts or overstocking

• Implementing technology solutions for real-time tracking and monitoring of orders

• Continuous monitoring and adjustment of the plan to address any disruptions or cha...read more

Star delta starters are used to reduce the starting current of induction motors.

• Star delta starters are used in applications where the starting current needs to be limited.

• They are commonly used in industries where large motors are employed.

• By starting the motor in star configuration, the current is reduced to one-third of the delta configuration.

• This helps in preventing excessive voltage drop and reduces stress on the motor windings.

• Once the motor reaches a certain speed, it...read more

Unnecessary air can lead to coal starvation in production.

• Excess air can cause incomplete combustion of coal, leading to reduced heat output.

• This can result in lower production rates and increased fuel costs.

• Proper monitoring and adjustment of air-to-fuel ratios can prevent coal starvation.

• Regular maintenance of equipment can also help ensure efficient combustion.

• Coal-fired power plants often use sophisticated control systems to optimize combustion and reduce emissions.

To deal with employee crisis, it is important to listen actively, show empathy, provide support, and follow up.

• Listen actively to the employee's concerns and emotions

• Show empathy and understanding towards the employee's situation

• Provide support by offering resources, counseling, or time off if needed

• Follow up with the employee to ensure they are coping well and offer further assistance if necessary

Return the second largest number in an array of strings.

• Convert the array of strings to an array of integers.

• Sort the array in descending order.

• Return the second element in the sorted array.

Coal starvation is a situation where there is insufficient coal supply to the furnace.

• It can lead to reduced heat output and inefficient combustion.

• It can be caused by a blockage in the coal supply line or insufficient coal storage.

• Regular maintenance and monitoring can prevent coal starvation.

• Examples of industries where coal starvation can occur include power plants and steel mills.

Nominal size refers to the size of a part or component as designated by its name or label.

• Nominal size is the size of a part as indicated by its name, but may not be the exact physical dimensions.

• It is commonly used in manufacturing to simplify communication and standardize sizes.

• For example, a 2x4 piece of lumber actually measures 1.5 inches by 3.5 inches.

Basic metrology is the science of measurement, including the study of units, standards, and instruments used for measuring physical quantities.

• Involves understanding units of measurement such as length, mass, and time

• Includes knowledge of measurement standards and calibration procedures

• Utilizes various instruments like rulers, calipers, micrometers, and gauges

• Important for ensuring accuracy and precision in manufacturing processes

Coal starvation occurs due to insufficient supply of coal to the boiler, leading to reduced steam production.

• Insufficient coal supply from mines

• Transportation issues like strikes or breakdowns

• Inadequate storage facilities

• High demand leading to shortage

• Improper maintenance of coal handling equipment

Blast furnace hazards can cause serious injuries or fatalities. Proper safety measures and training can prevent accidents.

• Hazards include explosions, fires, and exposure to toxic gases.

• Remedies include regular maintenance, proper ventilation, and personal protective equipment.

• Training employees on safety procedures and emergency response is crucial.

• Examples of safety measures include installing gas detectors, using lockout/tagout procedures, and conducting regular safety audi...read more

Lean and Six Sigma are methodologies used to improve processes and reduce waste.

• Lean focuses on eliminating waste and increasing efficiency in processes

• Six Sigma focuses on reducing defects and improving quality

• Both methodologies use data analysis and continuous improvement to achieve their goals

• Example: Lean can be used to streamline a manufacturing process by eliminating unnecessary steps

• Example: Six Sigma can be used to reduce errors in a healthcare setting by analyzing da...read more

Sort array of strings in descending order

• Use built-in sort function with custom comparator function

• Comparator function should compare strings in reverse order

• Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] -> ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']

The main instruments used by a Technician Fitter include measuring tools, hand tools, power tools, and testing equipment.

• Measuring tools such as calipers, micrometers, and gauges are used to ensure precise measurements.

• Hand tools such as wrenches, pliers, and screwdrivers are used for manual tasks.

• Power tools such as drills, saws, and grinders are used for cutting, drilling, and shaping materials.

• Testing equipment such as multimeters and oscilloscopes are used to diagnose and...read more

Limits refer to the maximum or minimum values that a machine or process can handle.

• Limits are set to ensure the machine operates within safe parameters.

• Exceeding limits can result in damage to the machine or product.

• Examples include temperature limits, speed limits, and weight limits.

Dynamic viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow under applied force.

• Dynamic viscosity is also known as absolute viscosity.

• It is a measure of how thick or thin a fluid is.

• Units of dynamic viscosity are Pascal-seconds (Pa·s) or Poise (P).

• Water has a dynamic viscosity of about 0.001 Pa·s at room temperature.

A soft starter is a device used to gradually start and stop the motor by controlling the voltage applied to it.

• Soft starters are used to reduce the starting current and torque of an electric motor.

• They provide a smooth and controlled acceleration and deceleration of the motor.

• Soft starters can be used in various applications such as pumps, fans, and conveyor belts.

• They typically consist of power electronics, control circuitry, and bypass contactors.

• Soft starters can be progra...read more

Civil wrong refers to a legal harm caused to an individual or entity by another party, leading to a lawsuit for compensation.

• Civil wrongs are also known as civil torts.

• They involve actions or omissions that result in harm or loss to another party.

• Examples include negligence, defamation, breach of contract, and nuisance.

• The purpose of civil wrongs is to compensate the injured party rather than punish the wrongdoer.

• Civil wrongs are typically resolved through civil litigation in...read more

An agreement is a mutual understanding between two or more parties regarding their rights and obligations.

• An agreement is a legally binding contract between parties.

• It involves an offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations.

• Agreements can be written or verbal, but written agreements are generally preferred for clarity and evidence.

• Examples include contracts for services, sales agreements, and lease agreements.

Some manufacturing processes include casting, machining, welding, and 3D printing.

• Casting: involves pouring molten metal into a mold to create a specific shape

• Machining: involves removing material from a workpiece to achieve the desired shape and size

• Welding: involves joining two or more pieces of metal together using heat and pressure

• 3D printing: involves creating a three-dimensional object by layering material based on a digital model

Rejection% is the percentage of rejected products or items in the production process.

• Rejection% is a measure of the quality of the production process.

• It indicates the proportion of products or items that do not meet the required standards.

• Rejection% can be calculated by dividing the number of rejected products by the total number of products produced and multiplying by 100.

• For example, if 1000 products were produced and 50 were rejected, the rejection% would be 5%.

By providing them with clear goals, regular feedback, opportunities for growth, and recognition for their hard work.

• Set clear goals and expectations for employees to strive towards.

• Provide regular feedback on their performance to help them improve.

• Offer opportunities for growth and development through training and mentorship programs.

• Recognize and reward employees for their hard work and achievements.

• Create a positive work environment that fosters teamwork and collaboration.

Seamless process refers to a smooth and efficient flow of activities without interruptions or delays.

• Seamless process ensures all steps are well-coordinated and integrated.

• It minimizes bottlenecks and reduces the chances of errors or rework.

• Examples include automated supply chain management systems and streamlined production processes.

A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that consists of two different metals joined together to create a voltage proportional to the temperature difference.

• Consists of two different metals joined together

• Generates a voltage proportional to temperature difference

• Commonly used in industrial temperature measurement applications

RTD stands for Resistance Temperature Detector, a sensor used to measure temperature by correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperature.

• RTD is a type of temperature sensor that operates on the principle that the electrical resistance of a metal changes predictably with temperature.

• Platinum RTDs are commonly used due to their high accuracy and stability.

• RTDs are used in various industries including automotive, aerospace, and HVAC for temperature measurement.

• RTDs...read more

Bearings are mechanical components that allow for smooth rotation or linear motion between two parts.

• Bearings reduce friction between moving parts

• They support radial and axial loads

• Common types include ball bearings, roller bearings, and plain bearings

• Bearings are used in various applications such as automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery

Unorganised management systems can lead to inefficiency, confusion, and missed deadlines.

• Unorganised systems can result in tasks being overlooked or forgotten.

• Lack of clear processes can lead to confusion among team members.

• Missed deadlines and delayed projects are common outcomes of unorganised management systems.

• Implementing a clear organizational structure and communication channels can help improve efficiency and productivity.

My acceptable salary per annum would be in the range of $X to $Y based on the job responsibilities and company benefits.

• I am open to negotiation based on the job responsibilities and company benefits.

• I have researched the industry standards and my experience level to arrive at this range.

• I am looking for a fair compensation that reflects my skills and contributions to the company.

• I am willing to discuss the salary further during the interview process.

The stress-strain diagram shows the relationship between stress and strain in a material.

• The stress-strain diagram typically consists of a linear elastic region, a yield point, and a plastic deformation region.

• The slope of the linear elastic region represents the material's Young's Modulus.

• The yield point indicates the stress at which the material begins to deform plastically.

• The ultimate tensile strength is the maximum stress the material can withstand before failure.

• The are...read more

A drive is a device that reads and writes data to storage media, allowing users to access and store information.

• Drives can be internal or external, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs).

• They use various technologies like magnetic or flash memory to store data.

• Drives are connected to a computer or device through interfaces like SATA, USB, or PCIe.

• They have controllers that manage data transfer and access operations.

• Examples include a laptop's hard drive ...read more

Bg stands for Bank Guarantee and Lc stands for Letter of Credit.

• Bank Guarantee (Bg) is a commitment by a bank to pay a specified amount to a beneficiary if the applicant fails to fulfill their obligations.

• Letter of Credit (Lc) is a financial instrument issued by a bank on behalf of a buyer, guaranteeing payment to the seller upon meeting certain conditions.

• Bg and Lc are commonly used in international trade to provide assurance to parties involved in transactions.

• Bg and Lc hel...read more

Expectation is the belief or anticipation that something will happen or be achieved.

• Expectation is a mental state where one looks forward to a certain outcome or result.

• It can be based on past experiences, societal norms, or personal desires.

• Expectations can lead to disappointment if not met, or satisfaction if exceeded.

• Setting realistic expectations is important in personal and professional life.

• For example, an employee may have the expectation of receiving a promotion after...read more

Retail marketing channels include online, brick-and-mortar stores, direct mail, and social media.

• Online channels such as e-commerce websites and marketplaces

• Brick-and-mortar stores like department stores and specialty shops

• Direct mail campaigns including catalogs and flyers

• Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram

• In-store promotions and events

Chemical analysis of pellets involves determining the composition and properties of the pellets using various analytical techniques.

• Chemical analysis can be done using techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry.

• The analysis can help identify the presence of specific chemicals or impurities in the pellets.

• Quantitative analysis can also be performed to determine the concentration of different components in the pellets.