Polmon Instruments Assistant Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What are the types of heat exchangers
Ans. 
There are several types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, plate and frame, and air-cooled.
• Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most common type and consist of a shell with tubes running through it.

• Plate and frame heat exchangers use thin plates to transfer heat between fluids.

• Air-cooled heat exchangers use air as the cooling medium instead of water or other liquids.

• Other types include double pipe, spiral,
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Q2. Describe distillation process
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Distillation is a process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points.
• The mixture is heated to vaporize the component with the lowest boiling point

• The vapor is then condensed and collected as a separate liquid

• This process is repeated for each component with a higher boiling point

• Examples include the production of ethanol from fermented grains and the purification of water
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Q3. What is Carnot's cycle
Ans. 
Carnot's cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle that describes the most efficient heat engine possible.
• It consists of four reversible processes: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression.

• It operates between two heat reservoirs at different temperatures.

• The efficiency of the cycle is given by the ratio of the temperature difference between the two reservoirs to the ...read more
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Q4. Describe refrigeration cycle
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Refrigeration cycle is a process of removing heat from a space or substance and transferring it to another space or substance.
• The cycle consists of four main components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.

• The refrigerant is compressed by the compressor and then condensed in the condenser, releasing heat.

• The high-pressure liquid refrigerant then passes through the expansion valve, where it expands an...read more
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Q5. Different types of distillation
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Distillation is a process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points. There are several types of distillation.
• Simple distillation: used for separating components with a large difference in boiling points

• Fractional distillation: used for separating components with closer boiling points

• Steam distillation: used for separating heat-sensitive compounds

• Vacuum distillation: used for separating compone...read more
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Q6. Describe enthalpy and entropy
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Enthalpy is the heat content of a system while entropy is the measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
• Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property that describes the amount of heat released or absorbed during a process.

• Entropy is a measure of the degree of randomness or disorder in a system.

• Enthalpy and entropy are related through the Gibbs free energy equation.

• Enthalpy is usually denoted by the symbol H while entropy is...read more
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Q1. Define boiling point
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Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.
• Boiling point is a physical property of a substance.

• It is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.

• Water boils at 100°C or 212°F at standard atmospheric pressure.

• Boiling point can be affected by pressure changes.

• Substances with higher boiling points require more energy to boil than those with lower boili
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Q2. What is the difference between unit operation and unit process
Ans. 
Unit operation refers to a single step in a process, while unit process involves a series of steps to achieve a specific goal.
• Unit operation is a single step in a process, such as filtration or distillation.

• Unit process involves a series of unit operations to achieve a specific goal, such as producing a certain chemical compound.

• Unit process is a more complex and comprehensive process than unit operation.

• Unit operation...read more
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Q3. Define vapor pressure
Ans. 
Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor of a substance in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase.
• Vapor pressure increases with temperature

• Substances with high vapor pressure evaporate easily

• Vapor pressure is used in distillation and evaporation processes

• Vapor pressure can be measured using a variety of techniques
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Q1. What are your salary exoectations
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Q1. What is multiplexer
Ans. 
A multiplexer is a device that selects one of several input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line.
• Multiplexers are used in digital circuits to reduce the number of input/output lines required to transmit data.

• They are also used in communication systems to combine multiple signals into a single transmission line.

• Multiplexers can be implemented using logic gates or integrated circuits.

• Examples of mul...read more
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Q2. What is data type and what are data types in c programming
Ans. 
Data type is a classification of data items based on the type of value they hold. C programming has various data types.
• Data type determines the type of data that can be stored in a variable

• C programming has basic data types like int, float, char, double, etc.

• C programming also has derived data types like arrays, pointers, structures, unions, etc.
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Q3. What is the name of AC to DC converter IC
Ans. 
The name of AC to DC converter IC is dependent on the specific IC being used.
• There are many different AC to DC converter ICs available on the market

• Some popular AC to DC converter ICs include the LM7805, LM7812, and LM317

• The specific IC chosen will depend on the requirements of the circuit being designed
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Q4. Mainly we use 0804 IC for ADC
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Q5. What is an array in C
Ans. 
An array in C is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations.
• Arrays are declared using square brackets []

• Elements in an array can be accessed using their index number

• Arrays can be initialized during declaration or later using a loop

• Example: int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

• Example: for(int i=0; i<5; i++) { arr[i] = i+1; }
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Q6. An array is a homogenous data type it collects the same type of data types.
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Q7. What are the layers of osi model
Ans. 
The OSI model has 7 layers that define how data is transmitted over a network.
• The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has a specific function and communicates with the layers above and below it.

• For example, the Physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data, while the Application layer deals with user interfaces and application-level protoc...read more
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Q8. 1.Physical layer 2.Data link layer 3.network layer 4.Transport layer 5.Session layer 6.Presentation layer 6.Application layer
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