OpsVeda Senior Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller, a software design pattern that separates the application into three main components.

• Model: Represents the data and business logic of the application.

• View: Represents the UI components of the application.

• Controller: Acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.

• MVC helps in organizing code, improving maintainability, and promo...read more

Index fragmentation in SQL occurs when the logical order of pages in an index does not match the physical order in the data file.

• Index fragmentation can lead to decreased query performance as the database engine has to scan more pages to retrieve data.

• Fragmentation can be caused by frequent insertions, deletions, or updates on the indexed columns.

• Rebuilding or reorganizing indexes can help reduce fragmentation and impr...read more

REST API is lightweight, flexible, and widely used, while SOAP API is more rigid and heavy.

• REST API uses standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, while SOAP API uses XML for communication.

• REST API is stateless and can be cached, making it faster, while SOAP API is stateful and requires more bandwidth.

• REST API is easier to implement and understand, while SOAP API has more built-in security features.

• Examples: R

Dependency Injection is a design pattern where the dependencies of a class are provided from the outside rather than created within the class itself.

• Allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies

• Promotes loose coupling between classes

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Commonly implemented using frameworks like Spring in Java

Maintaining security in applications involves implementing encryption, authentication, authorization, and regular security audits.

• Implement encryption to protect data in transit and at rest

• Use strong authentication mechanisms like multi-factor authentication

• Implement proper authorization controls to restrict access to sensitive data

• Regularly conduct security audits and penetration testing to identify vulnerabilities

Procedures and functions are stored routines in a database that can be called to perform specific tasks.

• Procedures are a set of SQL statements that perform a specific task. They can have input and output parameters.

• Functions are similar to procedures but return a value. They can be used in SQL queries like any other function.

• Both procedures and functions can improve code reusability and maintainability in a database sy

A trigger is a special kind of stored procedure that is automatically executed when certain events occur in a database.

• Triggers are used to maintain data integrity by enforcing business rules or cascading changes.

• They can be set to execute before or after INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations.

• Examples include auditing changes to a table, updating related records in other tables, or enforcing constraints.

A database is a structured collection of data that is stored and accessed electronically.

• Database organizes and stores data in tables

• It allows for efficient retrieval, insertion, and updating of data

• Examples include MySQL, Oracle, MongoDB

Primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a database table.

• Primary key ensures each record in a table is uniquely identified.

• It must have a unique value for each record.

• Primary key can be a single column or a combination of columns.

• Examples: ID column in a user table, combination of first name and last name in an employee table.

Annotation used in Spring framework to enable component scanning for Spring-managed beans.

• Used to automatically detect and register Spring-managed beans within the specified package(s)

• Can be used at class level or configuration classes to specify base package(s) to scan

• Can be customized with additional attributes like basePackageClasses, includeFilters, excludeFilters

• Example: @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.example

The @Controller and @RestController annotations are used in Spring MVC to define classes as controllers for handling web requests.

• The @Controller annotation is used to define a class as a controller in Spring MVC, which can handle web requests and return a view.

• The @RestController annotation is used to define a class as a RESTful controller in Spring MVC, which can handle web requests and return data in JSON or XML for...read more

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM in memory, used for efficient updating of the real DOM.

• Virtual DOM is a concept used in frameworks like React to improve performance by minimizing actual DOM manipulations.

• Changes made to the virtual DOM are compared with the real DOM, and only the necessary updates are applied to the actual DOM.

• This approach reduces the number of direct manipulations to the real DOM,...read more

Yes, I have experience working with Higher Order Components in React.

• Used HOCs to share common functionality between components

• Implemented HOCs for authentication, logging, and data fetching

• Enhanced code reusability and maintainability using HOCs