Nu10 Technologies Technical Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Middleware in .net core
Ans. 
Middleware in .NET Core is a pipeline of components that handle HTTP requests and responses.
• Middleware components can be added to the pipeline using the Use() method in the Startup class.

• Middleware can be used for authentication, logging, routing, and more.

• Middleware can be created using classes or lambda expressions.

• Middleware can be ordered in the pipeline using the Order property.

• Examples of middleware include Authe...read more
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Q2. Lifecycle hooks in Angular
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Lifecycle hooks are methods that allow you to tap into the lifecycle of a component or directive in Angular.
• There are eight different lifecycle hooks available in Angular.

• They are: ngOnChanges, ngOnInit, ngDoCheck, ngAfterContentInit, ngAfterContentChecked, ngAfterViewInit, ngAfterViewChecked, ngOnDestroy.

• Each hook is called at a specific point in the component or directive's lifecycle.

• For example, ngOnInit is called a...read more
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Q3. Singleton Design Principal
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Q1. Data traversal in mvc
Ans. 
Data traversal in MVC involves accessing and manipulating data within the model layer of the MVC architecture.
• Data traversal is the process of accessing and manipulating data within the model layer of the MVC architecture

• This can be done using various techniques such as LINQ, foreach loops, and lambda expressions

• Data traversal is important for retrieving and displaying data to the user in the view layer of the MVC arch...read more
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Q2. Life cycle of mvc
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Q1. What motivates you daily
Ans. 
I am motivated daily by the opportunity to lead and inspire my team to achieve their goals.
• Seeing my team members grow and succeed

• Making a positive impact on the organization

• Challenging myself to continuously improve

• Recognition and appreciation for my work

• Setting and achieving goals

• Creating a positive work environment
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Q2. What to do if there is an issue in the release code
Ans. 
Identify the issue, isolate the code, fix the issue, test the fix, and deploy the updated code.
• Identify the issue by reviewing logs and error messages.

• Isolate the code by identifying the specific module or function causing the issue.

• Fix the issue by updating the code and testing the fix.

• Test the fix by running automated and manual tests to ensure the issue is resolved.

• Deploy the updated code to the appropriate environm...read more
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Q3. Code optimization techniques
Ans. 
Code optimization techniques aim to improve the efficiency and speed of code execution.
• Use efficient algorithms and data structures

• Minimize memory usage and avoid unnecessary operations

• Use compiler optimizations and profiling tools

• Consider parallelization and concurrency

• Avoid premature optimization and focus on bottleneck areas
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Q1. About Process and experiences
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Q2. About skills and Communication
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Q1. Experience on huge infrastructure, how to make decisions of scaling, performance and availability?
Ans. 
Scaling, performance, and availability decisions on huge infrastructure require a data-driven approach.
• Analyze data on usage, traffic, and resource utilization to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement.

• Consider the impact of scaling on cost, user experience, and maintenance.

• Implement monitoring and alerting systems to quickly identify and address issues.

• Use load testing and performance profiling to optimize sys...read more
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Q1. Multi module maven project
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Q2. Selenium project structure
Ans. 
Selenium project structure includes organizing test cases, page objects, utilities, and configuration files.
• Test cases should be organized in a separate folder

• Page objects should be stored in a separate package

• Utilities like helper classes, constants, and drivers should be in a separate package

• Configuration files like properties files should be stored in a separate folder

• Follow a modular approach for easy maintenance a...read more
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Q1. How will you create a test plan ?
Ans. 
A test plan is created by defining objectives, scope, resources, schedule, and approach for testing.
• Define objectives and scope of testing

• Identify resources needed for testing

• Establish a schedule for testing activities

• Outline the approach and methodologies for testing

• Include risk assessment and mitigation strategies

• Document test scenarios, test cases, and test data

• Define roles and responsibilities of team members
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Q2. Scenario based questions
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Q1. DS Algo, Backend and DB
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Q2. Stack(DS) question and DB based questions
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Q3. Scaling (Horizontal, Vertical) with use cases
Ans. 
Scaling refers to increasing capacity of a system. Horizontal scaling adds more machines, while vertical scaling adds more resources to a machine.
• Horizontal scaling involves adding more machines to a system to increase capacity

• Vertical scaling involves adding more resources to a machine to increase capacity

• Use cases for horizontal scaling include handling increased traffic or adding redundancy

• Use cases for vertical sca...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical round with questions based on DSA were discussed.

Q1. 
Ninja and Sorted Array Merging Problem
Ninja is tasked with merging two given sorted integer arrays ARR1 and ARR2 of sizes 'M' and 'N', respectively, such that the merged result is a single sorted array w...read more
Ans. 
Merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array within the first array.
• Create a pointer for the last index of ARR1 and ARR2 to start merging from the end.

• Compare elements from both arrays and place the larger element at the end of ARR1.

• Continue this process until all elements are merged in sorted order within ARR1.
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Q2. 
Reverse Alternate Levels of a Perfect Binary Tree Problem Statement
Given a perfect binary tree consisting of 'N' nodes, reverse the nodes at alternate levels in the tree (i.e., reverse level 2, level 4, ...read more
Ans. 
Reverse alternate levels of a perfect binary tree by reversing nodes at even levels starting from level 2.
• Traverse the tree in level order and store nodes at even levels in a separate list.

• Reverse the list of nodes at even levels.

• Update the tree with the reversed nodes at even levels.

• Repeat the process for alternate levels starting from level 2.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical round with questions based on OS, Java were discussed.

Q1. What are the characteristics of distributed file systems?
Ans. 
Characteristics of distributed file systems include scalability, fault tolerance, and data replication.
• Scalability: Distributed file systems can easily scale to accommodate a large amount of data and users.

• Fault tolerance: They are designed to continue functioning even if some components fail, ensuring high availability.

• Data replication: Data is often replicated across multiple nodes to ensure reliability and performan...read more
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Q2. Design a file sharing mechanism between two users.
Ans. 
Design a file sharing mechanism between two users.
• Implement a secure login system for both users.

• Allow users to upload files to a shared server.

• Provide a way for users to view and download files shared by the other user.

• Implement access control to ensure only authorized users can access the shared files.
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Q3. What is ConcurrentHashMap in Java?
Ans. 
ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe implementation of the Map interface in Java.
• ConcurrentHashMap allows multiple threads to read and write to the map concurrently without causing any issues like deadlocks or data corruption.

• It achieves thread-safety by dividing the map into segments, each of which can be locked independently.

• ConcurrentHashMap is more efficient than using synchronized maps for concurrent access.

• Example:...read more
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Q4. How do you analyze the usage history of an application?
Ans. 
Analyzing usage history involves tracking user interactions, patterns, and trends to improve application performance.
• Collect and store user interaction data such as clicks, page views, and time spent on each feature.

• Use analytics tools to generate reports and visualize usage patterns.

• Identify popular features, user preferences, and areas for improvement based on usage data.

• Implement A/B testing to compare different ver...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical interview round with questions based on DSA.

Q1. 
Binary Tree Traversals
Your task is to compute the In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals for a given Binary Tree with 'N' nodes, where each node has an integer value.
Input:
T
For each test cas...read more
Ans. 
Compute In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals for a given Binary Tree with 'N' nodes.
• Implement tree traversal algorithms: In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order.

• Use recursion to traverse the binary tree efficiently.

• Handle null nodes represented by -1 in the input.

• Follow the order of nodes as they appear in the level order traversal.

• Ensure the output is space-separated lists for each traversal type.
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Q2. 
LRU Cache Design Question
Design a data structure for a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache that supports the following operations:
1. get(key) - Return the value of the key if it exists in the cache; otherw...read more
Ans. 
Design a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache data structure that supports get and put operations with capacity constraint.
• Use a combination of hashmap and doubly linked list to implement the LRU cache.

• Keep track of the least recently used item and update it accordingly.

• Ensure to handle cache capacity by evicting the least recently used item when the cache is full.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical Interview round with questions on DSA, OS etc.

Q1. 
Number of Islands II Problem Statement
You have a 2D grid of dimensions 'N' rows by 'M' columns, initially filled with water. You are given 'Q' queries, where each query contains two integers 'X' and 'Y'....read more
Ans. 
The task is to determine the number of islands present on a 2D grid after each query of converting water to land.
• Create a function that takes the grid dimensions, queries, and coordinates as input.

• For each query, convert the water at the given coordinates to land and update the grid.

• Use depth-first search (DFS) to find connected lands and count the number of islands.

• Return the number of islands after each query.
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Q2. Why are synchronized blocks needed in Java?
Ans. 
Synchronized blocks are needed in Java to ensure thread safety by allowing only one thread to access a block of code at a time.
• Prevents multiple threads from accessing critical sections of code simultaneously

• Ensures data consistency and prevents race conditions

• Improves performance by reducing contention for shared resources

• Example: synchronized block in a method that updates a shared variable
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