20+ IEC University Interview Questions and Answers

Caps and change control are processes used in production to ensure quality and consistency.

• Caps refers to the specifications and limitations placed on a product or process.

• Change control is a system for managing and documenting changes to a product or process.

• Caps and change control help maintain quality, regulatory compliance, and consistency in production.

• Examples of caps include maximum allowable impurity levels in a pharmaceutical product.

• Examples of change control includ...read more

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practice, which ensures that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.

• GMP is a set of guidelines and regulations that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical and healthcare products.

• GMP covers various aspects of production, including facilities, equipment, personnel, documentation, and processes.

• GMP emphasizes the importance of quality control, traceability, and risk management.

• CGMP specifically...read more

BMS stands for Batch Manufacturing Record and BPR stands for Batch Production Record.

• BMS is a document that contains detailed instructions for the production of a specific batch of a product.

• It includes information about the raw materials, equipment, manufacturing steps, and quality control tests.

• BPR is a record that documents the actual production data and results obtained during the manufacturing process.

• It provides a detailed account of the batch production, including devi...read more

Production refers to the process of creating goods or services through various stages of manufacturing or assembly.

• Production involves transforming raw materials or components into finished products.

• It includes activities such as planning, sourcing, manufacturing, quality control, and distribution.

• Production chemists play a crucial role in developing and optimizing chemical processes for manufacturing pharmaceuticals, chemicals, or other products.

• They ensure the production pr...read more

LMTD is Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference. Efficiency of heat exchanger can be calculated using LMTD.

• LMTD is the average temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids in a heat exchanger.

• LMTD is used to calculate the heat transfer rate in a heat exchanger.

• Efficiency of heat exchanger can be calculated using LMTD and heat capacity rate.

• Formula for LMTD is (ΔT1 - ΔT2) / ln(ΔT1 / ΔT2)

• Formula for efficiency is (Actual heat transfer rate / Maximum possible heat tran...read more

Yes, I am proficient in MS Office package including Excel, Word, and PowerPoint.

• I have used Excel for data analysis and creating spreadsheets

• I am skilled in creating professional documents using Word

• I have created presentations using PowerPoint for various purposes

• I am familiar with advanced features of MS Office such as macros and pivot tables

Inventory control in pharma involves managing raw materials, finished products, and packaging materials.

• Use a computerized inventory management system to track inventory levels and reorder points

• Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) system to ensure that older inventory is used first

• Regularly conduct physical inventory counts to identify discrepancies and prevent stockouts

• Maintain proper storage conditions to prevent spoilage or degradation of inventory

• Separate and label inv...read more

Transformers must meet specific standards to ensure safety, efficiency, and reliability.

• Transformers must comply with industry standards such as IEEE, ANSI, and IEC.

• Standards cover aspects like design, construction, testing, and performance.

• Examples of standards include IEEE C57.12.00 for liquid-immersed transformers and ANSI C57.12.10 for dry-type transformers.

Process safety involves identifying, evaluating, and mitigating risks in industrial processes to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and the environment.

• Process safety focuses on preventing accidents and incidents in industrial processes.

• It involves identifying and evaluating potential hazards and risks.

• Risk mitigation measures are implemented to prevent accidents and protect personnel and the environment.

• Process safety management systems and standards, such ...read more

Yes, I have basic knowledge of safety protocols in the laboratory.

• I am familiar with the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats.

• I understand the importance of labeling chemicals and storing them properly.

• I know how to handle and dispose of hazardous waste.

• I am aware of emergency procedures in case of accidents or spills.

• I have received training on fire safety and the use of fire extinguishers.

LinkedIn is a professional networking platform, while Naukri is a job portal. They serve different purposes.

• LinkedIn is primarily used for professional networking and building connections.

• Naukri is a job portal where individuals can search for job opportunities and apply for them.

• The two platforms cater to different needs and audiences, so they may not be directly linked.

• Employers may use LinkedIn to showcase their company culture and attract talent, while job seekers use Nau...read more

Pipe sizing can be calculated based on flow rate, velocity, and pressure drop.

• Determine the flow rate required for the system

• Calculate the velocity of the fluid in the pipe

• Determine the pressure drop allowed for the system

• Select a pipe size based on the calculated values

• Consider factors such as material, temperature, and corrosion resistance

• Use pipe sizing charts or software for more accurate calculations

Planning for production involves analyzing demand, setting production goals, scheduling resources, and monitoring progress.

• Analyze market demand and forecast future demand

• Set production goals based on demand and available resources

• Schedule resources such as labor, equipment, and raw materials

• Monitor progress and adjust plans as needed

• Consider factors such as lead times, inventory levels, and production costs

• Use software tools such as ERP systems to aid in planning and schedul...read more

To ensure proper lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedure, follow these steps

• Train employees on LOTO procedures

• Use lockout devices to secure energy sources

• Tag equipment with information about who is authorized to work on it

• Verify energy isolation before starting work

• Regularly review and update LOTO procedures

• Conduct periodic audits to ensure compliance

One success story involves a company increasing sales by 50% through targeted marketing strategies.

• Company implemented personalized email campaigns based on customer preferences

• Utilized social media advertising to reach new audiences

• Offered exclusive promotions to loyal customers

• Resulted in a 50% increase in sales within 6 months

Contamination and cross-contamination are serious concerns in any industry, including ours.

• Contamination refers to the presence of harmful substances or microorganisms in a product or environment.

• Cross-contamination occurs when these harmful substances or microorganisms are transferred from one surface or product to another.

• To prevent contamination and cross-contamination, we follow strict hygiene and sanitation protocols.

• We also use separate equipment and tools for different...read more

Batch reactor is a closed system where reactants are added and products are removed after completion. Semi-batch reactor is a combination of batch and continuous reactor.

• Batch reactor operates in a closed system with fixed reactant and product quantities.

• Reactants are added at the beginning and products are removed at the end of the reaction in a batch reactor.

• Semi-batch reactor combines features of both batch and continuous reactors.

• In semi-batch reactor, reactants are added...read more

A 33kV line diagram shows the layout and connections of a high voltage electrical transmission line.

• A 33kV line diagram typically includes components such as transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, and conductors.

• It shows the flow of electricity from the power source to the load.

• The diagram may also indicate the locations of substations and switching stations along the line.

• It helps in understanding the overall structure and functioning of the 33kV transmission system.

• Exam...read more

Deviation is a departure from an established standard or norm. OOS means Out of Specification and OOT means Out of Trend.

• Deviation is a variation from the expected or established standard or norm.

• OOS refers to a result that falls outside the predetermined specifications or acceptance criteria.

• OOT refers to a result that shows a trend outside the expected or established limits.

• Both OOS and OOT are considered deviations from the expected or established norms.

• Deviation, OOS, and...read more

ALCOVA, GDP, and GMP are terms related to various fields, including economics and quality management.

• ALCOVA: A term often used in the context of data analysis or geographical studies.

• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Measures a country's economic performance, e.g., the U.S. GDP was approximately $21 trillion in 2020.

• GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice): Ensures products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards, e.g., pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Lock out tag out can be ensured by implementing proper procedures, training employees, using lockout devices, and conducting regular audits.

• Develop and implement a comprehensive lockout tagout program

• Provide thorough training to all employees on lockout tagout procedures

• Use lockout devices such as locks and tags to physically prevent equipment from being energized

• Conduct regular audits and inspections to ensure compliance and identify any gaps or issues

• Maintain clear communic...read more

PP modules in SAP are used for production planning and control.

• PP stands for Production Planning.

• PP modules in SAP help in planning and controlling the production process.

• It includes functions like material requirements planning, capacity planning, and production scheduling.

• PP modules also integrate with other SAP modules like MM (Materials Management) and SD (Sales and Distribution).

Distillations include simple, fractional, and steam distillation. Solvent recovery methods include distillation, adsorption, and extraction.

• Types of distillations: simple, fractional, steam

• Solvent recovery methods: distillation, adsorption, extraction

• Examples: Fractional distillation used in oil refineries, solvent recovery through distillation in chemical plants

Earth connectivity is crucial for effective management and block control.

• Establishing proper earth connectivity ensures safety of electrical equipment and personnel.

• It also helps in preventing electrical hazards and damage to equipment.

• Proper grounding of electrical systems is necessary for effective lightning protection.

• Earth connectivity also plays a vital role in maintaining power quality and reducing interference.

• Regular testing and maintenance of earth connections is imp...read more

Transformer standards refer to the set of guidelines and specifications that transformers must meet to ensure safety and efficiency.

• Transformer standards are established by organizations such as IEEE, IEC, and NEMA.

• These standards cover aspects like design, testing, installation, and maintenance of transformers.

• Examples of transformer standards include IEEE C57.12.00 for liquid-immersed transformers and IEC 60076 for power transformers.

A reaction scheme outlines the steps and intermediates in a chemical reaction, illustrating reactants to products.

• A reaction scheme typically includes reactants, products, and intermediates.

• It may depict reaction conditions like temperature and catalysts.

• Example: The synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride.

• Mechanistic details can be included, showing electron movement.

• Reaction schemes can be represented using arrows to indicate the flow of the reaction.