400+ Nagarro Interview Questions and Answers

Arrange numbers in a sequence in 'N' rows with increasing order and repeating after 9.

• Iterate through each test case and for each row, print numbers in increasing order with a loop.

• Keep track of the current number to print and reset to 1 after reaching 9.

• Handle formatting to align numbers correctly in each row.

• Ensure to print the correct number of rows based on the input 'N'.

Implement a function to compress a string by replacing consecutive characters with the character followed by the count of repetitions.

• Iterate through the input string and keep track of consecutive characters and their counts.

• Replace consecutive characters with the character followed by the count of repetitions if count is greater than 1.

• Return the compressed string as output.

Program to find the number whose occurrence is greater than N/2 in an array of integers.

• Take two inputs, one integer N and an array of integers.

• Loop through the array and count the occurrence of each number.

• Return the number whose occurrence is greater than N/2.

• If no such number found, return '-1'.

Compute the number of valid permutations of integers from 0 to N-1 such that at least K positions satisfy ARR[I] = I.

• Use dynamic programming to solve the problem efficiently.

• Consider the cases where K is equal to N or N-1 separately.

• Modulo the result by 10^9 + 7 to avoid overflow issues.

Check if a given integer is a member of the Fibonacci series.

• Implement a function to check if the given number is a perfect square.

• Check if 5*N^2 + 4 or 5*N^2 - 4 is a perfect square to determine Fibonacci membership.

• Return true if the number is a perfect square of 5*N^2 + 4 or 5*N^2 - 4, otherwise false.

Given N meetings with start and end times, find the maximum number of meetings that can be organized in a single room without overlap.

• Sort the meetings based on their end times.

• Iterate through the sorted meetings and select the next meeting that does not overlap with the current meeting.

• Keep track of the selected meetings and return their indices in the order they are organized.

Count pairs in an array with a specific absolute difference.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the element + K or element - K exists in the array.

• Use a hash set to store elements for constant time lookups.

• Keep track of the count of valid pairs found.

Given a permutation of 'N' integers, rearrange the numbers to form the lexicographically next greater permutation.

• Iterate from right to left to find the first element that is smaller than the element to its right.

• Swap this element with the smallest element to its right that is greater than it.

• Reverse the elements to the right of the swapped element to get the lexicographically next greater permutation.

• If no such element is found in step 1, then the permutation is already the ...read more

Swap Kth elements from the beginning and end of an array.

• Create a temporary variable to store the Kth element from the beginning

• Swap the Kth element from the beginning with the Kth element from the end

• Return the modified array

Find the sum of the subarray with the maximum sum among all subarrays in an array of integers.

• Use Kadane's algorithm to find the maximum subarray sum in linear time complexity.

• Initialize two variables: maxEndingHere and maxSoFar to keep track of the current subarray sum and the maximum subarray sum found so far.

• Iterate through the array and update the variables accordingly.

• Return the maxSoFar as the result.

Determine the winner of a coin game where players take turns picking coins optimally.

• Players take turns picking 'A', 'B', or 1 coin each turn

• The player unable to make a move loses

• Implement a function to determine the winner based on the given inputs

Sort an array of 0s, 1s, and 2s in increasing order.

• Use a three-pointer approach to partition the array into sections of 0s, 1s, and 2s.

• Iterate through the array and swap elements based on their values and the pointers.

• After sorting, the array will have 0s on the left, 1s in the middle, and 2s on the right.

The task is to find the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using given denominations.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Create a 1D array to store the number of ways to make change for each value from 0 to the target value.

• Iterate through the denominations and update the array based on the current denomination.

• The final answer will be the value at the target index of the array.

Given an array of strings, find the longest complete string where every prefix of the string also appears in the array.

• Iterate through each string in the array and check if all its prefixes exist in the array.

• Keep track of the longest complete string found so far, and return the lexicographically smallest one if multiple exist.

• If no complete string is found, return 'None'.

Find all paths in a binary tree with nodes summing up to a given value K.

• Traverse the binary tree and keep track of the current path and its sum.

• At each node, check if the sum equals K and store the path if true.

• Recursively explore left and right subtrees while updating the path and sum.

• Return the list of paths that sum up to K in the binary tree.

Convert a given string into its equivalent representation based on a mobile numeric keypad sequence.

• Iterate through each character in the input string and map it to its corresponding numeric keypad sequence.

• Use a dictionary to store the mapping of characters to numeric sequences.

• Handle lowercase characters only and ignore special characters, capital letters, and spaces.

The problem involves decoding a numeric sequence into a valid string using a given mapping of characters to numbers.

• Use dynamic programming to count the number of ways to decode the sequence.

• Consider different cases for decoding single digits and pairs of digits.

• Keep track of the number of ways to decode at each position in the sequence.

• Return the final count modulo 10^9 + 7 as the answer.

The problem involves finding the number of distinct ways to climb to the Nth stair by taking one or two steps at a time.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• The number of ways to reach the Nth stair is the sum of the number of ways to reach the (N-1)th stair and the (N-2)th stair.

• Handle large inputs by taking modulo 10^9+7 to avoid overflow.

• Example: For N=3, there are 3 ways to climb to the third stair: (0, 1, 2, 3), (0, 2, 3), and (0, 1, 3).

Generate all possible subsequences of a given string.

• Use recursion to generate all possible subsequences by including or excluding each character in the string.

• Maintain a current index to keep track of the characters being considered.

• Append the current character to each subsequence generated so far.

• Recursively call the function with the next index to include the next character in subsequences.

Find the longest palindromic substring in a given string, returning the rightmost one if multiple exist.

• Iterate through the string and expand around each character to find palindromes

• Keep track of the longest palindrome found and its starting index

• Return the substring starting from the index of the longest palindrome found

Yes, it is possible to partition an array into K subsets with equal sum.

• Check if the total sum of the array is divisible by K.

• Use backtracking to try all possible combinations of subsets.

• Keep track of visited elements to avoid repetition.

• Example: ARR = [3, 5, 2, 4, 4], K = 2. Possible subsets: [4, 5] and [2, 3, 4].

Find duplicates in an array of integers within a specified range.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the count of each element using a hashmap.

• Return elements with count greater than 1 as duplicates.

• Time complexity can be optimized to O(N) using a HashSet to store seen elements.

Yes, the 0/1 Knapsack problem can be solved using dynamic programming with a space complexity of not more than O(W).

• Use a 1D array to store the maximum value that can be stolen for each weight from 0 to W.

• Iterate through the items and update the array based on whether including the current item would increase the total value.

• The final element of the array will contain the maximum value that can be stolen within the weight limit.

Calculate the N-th term of a Geometric Progression series given the first term, common ratio, and term position.

• Iterate through each test case and apply the formula A * R^(N-1) to find the N-th term

• Use modular arithmetic to handle large calculated terms by returning the result modulo 10^9 + 7

Find the equilibrium index of an array where sum of elements on left equals sum on right.

• Iterate through array to calculate prefix and suffix sums

• Compare prefix and suffix sums to find equilibrium index

• Return -1 if no equilibrium index is found

Find the length of the longest strictly increasing subsequence in an array of integers.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Initialize an array to store the length of the longest increasing subsequence ending at each index.

• Iterate through the array and update the length of the longest increasing subsequence for each element.

• Return the maximum value in the array as the result.

Calculate the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped between given elevations in an array.

• Iterate through the array and calculate the maximum height on the left and right of each bar.

• Calculate the amount of water that can be trapped at each bar by taking the minimum of the maximum heights on the left and right.

• Sum up the trapped water at each bar to get the total trapped water for the entire array.

Given an array of integers and a target, find all pairs of elements that add up to the target.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the target minus the element exists in a hash set.

• If it exists, add the pair to the result. If not, add the element to the hash set.

• Handle cases where the same element is used twice to form a pair.

• Return (-1, -1) if no pair is found.

Given a string of digits, find all possible letter combinations based on phone keypad mapping.

• Use a recursive approach to generate all possible combinations of letters for each digit in the input string.

• Create a mapping of digits to corresponding letters on a phone keypad.

• Iterate through the input string and generate combinations by combining letters for each digit.

• Return the list of all possible letter combinations as an array of strings.

Given a positive integer 'N', find the closest perfect square number and the steps required to reach it.

• Find the square root of N and round it to the nearest integer to get the closest perfect square.

• Calculate the difference between the closest perfect square and N to get the number of steps required.

• Return the closest perfect square and the number of steps as output.

Sort two unsorted PS files into three different PS files with unique and common records.

• Use SORT utility to sort the two input files individually.

• Use JOINKEYS to join the two sorted files on a common key.

• Use OUTFIL to direct the output to three different files based on the record type.

• Ensure that the output files have unique records and common records as required.

The task is to determine if given strings containing only parentheses are balanced or not.

• Iterate through each character in the string and use a stack to keep track of opening parentheses.

• If a closing parenthesis is encountered, check if the stack is empty or if the top of the stack matches the corresponding opening parenthesis.

• If all parentheses are balanced, the stack should be empty at the end.

• Return 'Balanced' if the stack is empty, otherwise return 'Not Balanced'.

Identify the element that appears an odd number of times in an array of integers where all other elements appear an even number of times.

• Iterate through the array and use XOR operation to find the element that appears an odd number of times.

• XOR of a number with itself is 0, so XOR of all elements will give the odd occurring element.

• Return the result after XORing all elements in the array.

Count the number of trailing zeros in the factorial of a given number.

• To find the number of trailing zeros in N!, count the number of factors of 5 in the prime factorization of N.

• Each factor of 5 contributes to a trailing zero in the factorial.

• For example, for N=10, there are 2 factors of 5 in the prime factorization (5 and 10), so there are 2 trailing zeros.

Check if one string can be transformed into another by cyclically rotating it to the right.

• Iterate through all possible rotations of string P and check if any of them match string Q.

• Use string concatenation and substring operations to simulate the rotation.

• Optimize the solution to O(N) time complexity by checking if string Q is a substring of P concatenated with itself.

The problem requires identifying and outputting common strings present in two arrays of lowercase alphabets for each test case.

• Iterate through the elements of the second array and check if they are present in the first array.

• Use a hash set or map to efficiently check for common elements.

• Return the common strings in the order they appear in the second array.

The problem involves dividing an array into K subsets with equal sum.

• Use backtracking to try all possible combinations of subsets.

• Keep track of the sum of elements in each subset and check if they are equal to the target sum.

• Optimize by sorting the array in descending order and assigning elements to subsets greedily.

• Handle edge cases like when the sum of elements is not divisible by K.

The problem involves decoding a numeric sequence back into a valid string based on a given mapping of characters to numeric values.

• Use dynamic programming to keep track of the number of ways to decode the sequence at each position.

• Consider edge cases such as '0' and '00' which do not have valid decodings.

• Handle cases where two digits can be combined to form a valid character (e.g., '12' corresponds to 'L').

Remove all occurrences of a given string from a singly linked list by starting from the end of the list.

• Traverse the linked list from the end to the beginning to efficiently remove the string occurrences.

• Check for the string 'STR' in each node and remove it if found.

• Continue checking for new occurrences of 'STR' after removal to ensure all instances are removed.

• Return the head of the modified linked list after processing each test case.

Sort a doubly linked list where each node's position deviates at most K positions from its position in the sorted list.

• Iterate through the doubly linked list and maintain a min-heap of size K+1 to keep track of the next smallest element.

• Remove the smallest element from the heap and add it to the sorted list. Update the heap with the next element from the removed node's next position.

• Continue this process until all nodes are added to the sorted list.

Create a program to count lowercase alphabets, digits, and white spaces from user input until '$' is encountered.

• Read characters from input stream until '$' is encountered

• Count lowercase alphabets, digits, and white spaces separately

• Print the counts of each character type as three integers separated by spaces

The problem involves determining the minimum number of platforms needed at a railway station based on arrival and departure times of trains.

• Sort the arrival and departure times in ascending order.

• Use two pointers to keep track of overlapping schedules.

• Increment platform count when a train arrives and decrement when it departs.

• Return the maximum platform count needed.

Find pairs of elements in an array that sum up to a given value, sorted in a specific order.

• Iterate through the array and use a hashmap to store the difference between the target sum and each element.

• Check if the current element's complement exists in the hashmap, if so, add the pair to the result list.

• Sort the pairs based on the criteria mentioned in the question.

• Return the list of pairs as the final output.

Optimize pseudocode to compute XOR operations in a given range and return sum modulo 1000000007.

• Use bitwise XOR properties to optimize the computation.

• Avoid unnecessary nested loops by simplifying the logic.

• Consider using modular arithmetic to handle large numbers efficiently.

Reverse every alternate K nodes in a singly linked list

• Traverse the linked list and reverse every alternate K nodes

• Handle cases where the number of nodes left is less than K

• Ensure to properly link the reversed nodes back to the original list

Count the total number of derangements for a given set of elements.

• A derangement is a permutation where no element appears in its original position.

• Use the formula for derangements: !n = n! * (1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! + ... + (-1)^n/n!).

• Calculate the derangements modulo 10^9 + 7 to handle large numbers efficiently.

Check if a given string is a palindrome after removing special characters, spaces, and converting to lowercase.

• Remove special characters and spaces from the input string

• Convert the string to lowercase

• Check if the modified string is a palindrome by comparing characters from start and end

Validate if a given binary tree is a Binary Search Tree (BST) or not.

• Check if the left subtree of a node contains only nodes with data less than the node's data.

• Check if the right subtree of a node contains only nodes with data greater than the node's data.

• Recursively check if both the left and right subtrees are also binary search trees.

• Use level order traversal to construct the binary tree from input data.

Given a positive integer, find the next smallest and previous largest integers with the same number of set bits in their binary representation.

• Count the number of set bits in the binary representation of the given integer 'n'.

• Find the next smallest integer by iterating from 'n+1' onwards and checking for the same number of set bits.

• Find the previous largest integer by iterating from 'n-1' downwards and checking for the same number of set bits.

Given start and end times of meetings, find the maximum number of meetings that can be scheduled in a single room.

• Sort the meetings based on their end times in ascending order.

• Iterate through the sorted meetings and select the ones that do not overlap with the previously selected meetings.

• Keep track of the selected meetings and return their indices.

Zigzag level order traversal of a binary tree is computed by alternating between left to right and right to left traversal at each level.

• Use a queue to perform level order traversal of the binary tree.

• Maintain a flag to switch between left to right and right to left traversal at each level.

• Store the node values in a list while traversing and alternate the order based on the flag.

• Example: For input 1 2 3 4 -1 5 6 -1 7 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1, the output should be 1 3 2 4 5 6 7.

Sort a doubly linked list with nodes that can deviate at most K positions from their actual position in the sorted list.

• Iterate through the doubly linked list and maintain a window of size K+1 to sort the elements within the window.

• Use insertion sort within the window to sort the elements efficiently.

• Repeat the process until the entire list is sorted.

• Time complexity can be optimized to O(N*log(K)) using a priority queue.

Count the number of islands in a 2D matrix of 1s and 0s.

• Use depth-first search (DFS) to traverse the matrix and identify connected groups of 1s.

• Maintain a visited array to keep track of visited cells to avoid redundant traversal.

• Increment the island count each time a new island is encountered.

• Consider all eight possible directions for connectivity while traversing the matrix.

• Handle edge cases such as out of bounds indices and already visited cells.

Find the Nth prime number given a number N.

• A prime number is greater than 1 and is not the product of two smaller natural numbers

• A prime number has exactly two distinct positive divisors: 1 and itself

• Implement a function to find the Nth prime number based on the given input

Yes, this can be achieved by using the two-pointer approach to rearrange the array in-place with O(1) auxiliary space.

• Use two pointers, one starting from the beginning and one from the end of the array.

• Swap elements at the two pointers if they are not in the correct order (negative before positive).

• Continue this process until the two pointers meet in the middle of the array.

Count the total number of derangements possible for a set of 'N' elements.

• A derangement is a permutation where no element appears in its original position.

• Use the formula for derangements: !n = n! * (1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! + ... + (-1)^n/n!)

• Return the answer modulo (10^9 + 7) to handle large results.

The task is to find all unique paths from a source node to a destination node in a graph.

• Identify all unique paths from source node to destination node in a graph

• Ensure all nodes in the path are unique

• Output total number of valid paths and list nodes in each path in lexicographical order

Find the minimum number of steps a Knight takes to reach a target position on a chessboard.

• Use BFS algorithm to find the shortest path from knight's starting position to target position.

• Consider all possible moves of the knight on the chessboard.

• Keep track of visited positions to avoid revisiting them.

• Return the minimum number of steps required to reach the target position.

Find the maximum subset sum of an array that does not exceed a given integer K.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Iterate through all possible subsets of the array and keep track of the maximum sum that does not exceed K.

• Consider the choice of including or excluding each element in the subset.

• Optimize the solution by using memoization to avoid redundant calculations.

Program to compute factorial of a given integer 'n', with error handling for negative values.

• Create a function to calculate factorial using a loop or recursion

• Check if input is negative, return 'Error' if true

• Handle edge cases like 0 and 1 separately

• Use long data type to handle large factorials

The goal is to determine the maximum profit that can be achieved by buying and selling stocks on different days.

• Iterate through the stock prices and buy on days when the price is lower than the next day, and sell on days when the price is higher than the next day.

• Calculate the profit by summing up the differences between buying and selling prices.

• Repeat the process for each test case and output the maximum profit possible for each case.

The task is to guess a hidden number within a given range using a function that provides hints about the number's relation to a given input.

• Use the higherLower(k) function to determine if the hidden number is smaller, equal to, or greater than the input k.

• Implement a binary search algorithm to efficiently guess the hidden number within the given range.

• Iteratively narrow down the range based on the hints provided by the higherLower(k) function.

• Return the guessed hidden number ...read more

Count the number of derangements possible for a set of 'N' elements.

• Use dynamic programming to calculate the number of derangements for each test case

• The formula for derangements is D(n) = (n-1)*(D(n-1) + D(n-2)), with base cases D(1) = 0 and D(2) = 1

• Calculate derangements modulo (10^9 + 7) to avoid overflow issues

The function takes a string as input and transforms the first letter of each word to uppercase.

• Split the input string into individual words using spaces as delimiters.

• For each word, convert the first letter to uppercase and concatenate the rest of the word.

• Join the modified words back together with spaces to form the final transformed string.

Implement merge sort algorithm to sort a singly linked list of integers.

• Divide the linked list into two halves using slow and fast pointers.

• Recursively sort the two halves.

• Merge the sorted halves using a merge function.

• Handle base cases like empty list or single node list.

• Ensure the termination of the linked list with -1 at the end.

Check if the binary representation of a given integer is a palindrome.

• Convert the integer to binary representation.

• Check if the binary representation is a palindrome by comparing it with its reverse.

• Return true if it is a palindrome, false otherwise.

Count the number of palindrome words in a given string.

• Split the string into words using whitespace as delimiter.

• Check each word if it is a palindrome by comparing it with its reverse.

• Increment a counter for each palindrome word found.

• Output the total count of palindrome words for each test case.

Find the most frequent and lexicographically smallest word in string 'A' that is not present in string 'B'.

• Split strings 'A' and 'B' into words

• Count frequency of each word in 'A'

• Check if word is not in 'B' and is the most frequent and lexicographically smallest

• Return the word or -1 if no such word exists

Find the maximum path sum between two leaf nodes in a binary tree.

• Traverse the tree to find the maximum path sum between two leaf nodes

• Keep track of the maximum sum as you traverse the tree

• Consider all possible paths that pass through the root and those that do not

• Handle cases where there is only one leaf node in the tree

Identify and return the first non-repeating character in a string, or the first character if all characters repeat.

• Iterate through the string to count the frequency of each character

• Return the first character with a frequency of 1, or the first character if all characters repeat

• Use a hashmap to store character frequencies efficiently

Merge k sorted linked lists into one single sorted linked list.

• Create a min-heap to store the heads of all linked lists.

• Pop the smallest element from the heap and add it to the result list.

• If the popped element has a next element, push it back to the heap.

• Repeat until all elements are merged into a single sorted list.

Find root values of duplicate subtrees in a binary tree.

• Traverse the tree in a bottom-up manner to identify duplicate subtrees.

• Use a hashmap to store the subtree structures and their frequencies.

• Return the root values of duplicate subtrees based on hashmap entries.

Check if the binary representation of a number is a palindrome.

• Convert the integer to binary representation.

• Check if the binary representation is a palindrome by comparing it with its reverse.

• Return true if it is a palindrome, false otherwise.

Find the second largest element in an array of integers.

• Iterate through the array to find the largest and second largest elements.

• Handle cases where all elements are identical by returning -1.

• Consider edge cases like empty array or array with less than 2 elements.

Sort an array of 0s and 1s in linear time without using additional arrays.

• Use two pointers approach to swap 0s to the left and 1s to the right.

• Maintain two pointers, one for 0s and one for 1s, and iterate through the array.

• Swap elements at the two pointers based on the values encountered.

• Continue until the two pointers meet in the middle of the array.

Implement left and right string rotations by D units on a given string.

• Implement leftRotate() function to return string after left rotation by D units.

• Implement rightRotate() function to return string after right rotation by D units.

• Consider handling edge cases like empty string or D exceeding string length.

• Example: For input 'coding', D=2, leftRotate() should return 'dingco' and rightRotate() should return 'ngcodi'.

Program to return character and their occurrence in a string.

• Iterate through the string and count the occurrence of each character.

• Store the count in a dictionary or hashmap.

• Create a new string by concatenating the character and their count.

• Return the new string.

Given a list of strings, determine if a target string can be formed by combining one or more strings from the list.

• Iterate through all possible combinations of strings from the list to check if they can form the target string.

• Use recursion to try different combinations of strings.

• Keep track of the current position in the target string and the strings used so far.

• Return true if the target string can be formed, false otherwise.

Implement a function to perform preorder traversal on a binary tree given the root node.

• Create a recursive function to traverse the tree in preorder fashion.

• Visit the root node, then recursively traverse left subtree, followed by right subtree.

• Store the visited nodes in an array and return the array as the result.

• Example: For the input tree [1, 2, 3, 4, -1, 5, 6, -1, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], the preorder traversal output should be [1, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 6].

Check if second string can be formed using characters from the first string.

• Iterate through each character in STR2 and check if it exists in STR1.

• Use a hashmap to store the frequency of characters in STR1 for efficient lookup.

• Return 'YES' if all characters in STR2 are found in STR1, otherwise return 'NO'.

Detect and remove loop in a singly linked list in place with O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity.

• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm to identify the loop in the linked list.

• Once the loop is detected, use two pointers to find the start of the loop.

• Adjust the pointers to remove the loop and return the modified linked list.

Calculate the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped within given elevation map.

• Iterate through the array to find the maximum height on the left and right of each bar.

• Calculate the amount of water that can be trapped above each bar by taking the minimum of the maximum heights on the left and right.

• Sum up the trapped water above each bar to get the total trapped water for the elevation map.

The task is to transform a given string by selecting the smallest character from the first K characters and appending it to a new string until the original string becomes empty.

• Iterate through the string while there are characters remaining

• For each iteration, select the smallest character from the first K characters

• Remove the selected character from the original string and append it to the new string

• Repeat until the original string is empty

• Return the final new string

Handling overflow condition of an array and backing up GDG versions in one step in JCL

• For overflow, check array bounds before accessing elements

• For SB37, increase primary/secondary space allocation

• For SD37, increase directory blocks

• For SE37, increase primary/secondary space allocation for PDS

• For S0C4, check for null pointers or uninitialized variables

• For S0C7, check for invalid data types or out-of-bounds array access

• To backup all GDG versions in one step, use the GDG base na...read more

Technical interview questions for Associate Staff Engineer position

• To make an object thread-safe, use synchronization or use thread-safe data structures

• Immutable class is a class whose state cannot be modified after creation

• Java uses a mark-and-sweep algorithm for garbage collection

• To print the left view of a binary tree, perform a level order traversal and print the first node at each level

• Circuit breaker design pattern is used to prevent cascading failures in distributed sy...read more

The task is to output the Spiral Order traversal of a binary tree given in level order.

• Implement a function that returns the spiral order traversal as a list

• Traverse the binary tree in a spiral order alternating between left to right and right to left

• Use a queue to keep track of nodes at each level

• Handle null nodes represented by -1 in the input

Calculate uneaten carrots after rabbits jump based on their unique factors.

• Iterate through each rabbit's jumping factor and mark the carrots they land on as eaten

• Calculate the remaining uneaten carrots by counting the ones not marked as eaten

• Consider using a data structure like an array to keep track of eaten carrots efficiently

Distribute N candies among K people in Sanyam's order of likeness, incrementing distribution by K each round until all candies are distributed.

• Distribute candies starting from 1st friend, incrementing by K each round

• If remaining candies are fewer than what a friend is supposed to receive, stop distribution

• Output the number of candies each friend ends up with at the end of distribution

Reverse a singly linked list by altering the links between nodes.

• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the links between nodes

• Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes

• Update the links between nodes to reverse the list

• Return the head of the reversed linked list

Rearrange attendees from bride's side and groom's side while maintaining original order within each group.

• Iterate through the linked list and separate odd and even numbers into two separate lists.

• Merge the two lists while maintaining the original order within each group.

• Output the rearranged linked list with bride's side attendees followed by groom's side attendees.

Microflow is a flow with a rate of 1-1000 µL/min while nano flow is a flow with a rate of 1-1000 nL/min.

• Microflow is used in HPLC and capillary electrophoresis while nano flow is used in nano-LC and proteomics.

• Microflow requires larger sample volumes while nano flow requires smaller sample volumes.

• Microflow has lower sensitivity compared to nano flow.

Count the total number of unique pairs in an array whose elements sum up to a given value.

• Use a hashmap to store the frequency of each element in the array.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if (Sum - current element) exists in the hashmap.

• Increment the count of pairs if the complement exists in the hashmap.

• Divide the count by 2 to avoid counting duplicates (arr[i], arr[j]) and (arr[j], arr[i]) separately.

Calculate the height of a Binary Tree given its Inorder and Level Order traversals without constructing it.

• Use the properties of Inorder and Level Order traversals to determine the height of the Binary Tree.

• The height of a Binary Tree is the number of edges on the longest path from the root to a leaf node.

• Consider edge cases like a single node tree or empty tree when calculating the height.

A program to convert a variable name from snake_case to camelCase and vice-versa.

• Split the input string by underscore (_) to get an array of words.

• For snake_case to camelCase conversion, capitalize the first letter of each word except the first one.

• For camelCase to snake_case conversion, insert an underscore (_) before each capital letter except the first one.

• Join the array of words with the appropriate delimiter to get the converted variable name.

Reverse a given stack of integers using recursion without extra space or loop constructs.

• Use recursion to pop all elements from the original stack and store them in function call stack.

• Once the stack is empty, push the elements back in reverse order using recursion.

• Ensure to handle base cases for empty stack or single element stack.

• Example: If the input stack is [1, 2, 3], after reversal it should be [3, 2, 1].

The task is to find the smallest substring in string S which contains all the characters present in string X.

• Iterate through string S and keep track of characters in X using a hashmap

• Use two pointers to maintain a sliding window containing all characters in X

• Update the window size and result as you iterate through S

Consider web accessibility guidelines for disabled persons when writing HTML code.

• Use semantic HTML elements like <nav>, <header>, <main>, <footer> to improve screen reader accessibility.

• Provide alternative text for images using the alt attribute.

• Ensure proper color contrast for text and background to aid visually impaired users.

• Use ARIA roles and attributes to enhance accessibility for interactive elements.

• Test your website using screen readers and keyboard navigation to ide...read more

Find the minimum number of elements to remove from an array to make all elements distinct.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the frequency of each element using a hashmap.

• Count the number of elements that have a frequency greater than 1, as those need to be removed.

• Return the count of elements to be removed.

Identify all prime numbers less than or equal to a given positive integer N.

• Iterate from 2 to N and check if each number is prime

• Use the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm for efficient prime number identification

• Optimize by only checking up to the square root of N for divisors