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400+ Pioneer Valves & Flow Control Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 30 Jan 2025
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Q1. Crazy Numbers Pattern Challenge

Ninja enjoys arranging numbers in a sequence. He plans to arrange them in 'N' rows such that:

  • The first row contains 1 number.
  • The second row contains 2 numbers.
  • The third row c...read more
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Q2. String Compression Problem Statement

Ninja needs to perform basic string compression. For any character that repeats consecutively more than once, replace the repeated sequence with the character followed by th...read more

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Q3. Ninja and the New Year Guests Problem

Ninja has organized a new year party and wants to verify if the guests are programmers by challenging them with a coding task. As an invited programmer, you're tasked to so...read more

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Q4. Write a program: two input, one is N(any integer, lets say 3), second input will be array of integers(duplicate/multiple occurrences of same integer, lets say [2,3,2,4,2] ). You have to return the number whose...

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Ans.

Program to find the number whose occurrence is greater than N/2 in an array of integers.

  • Take two inputs, one integer N and an array of integers.

  • Loop through the array and count the occurrence of each number.

  • Return the number whose occurrence is greater than N/2.

  • If no such number found, return '-1'.

View 1 answer
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Asked in
CSD Interview

Q5. Swap Kth Elements in an Array

Given an array ARR of size N, perform the operation to swap the Kth element from the beginning with the Kth element from the end of the array.

Example:

Input:
N = 5, K = 2
ARR = [1,...read more
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Q6. Maximum Subarray Sum Problem Statement

Given an array arr of length N consisting of integers, find the sum of the subarray (including empty subarray) with the maximum sum among all subarrays.

Explanation:

A sub...read more

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Q7. Maximum Meetings Problem Statement

Given the schedule of N meetings with their start time Start[i] and end time End[i], you need to determine which meetings can be organized in a single meeting room such that t...read more

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Q8. Fibonacci Membership Check

Given an integer N, determine if it is a member of the Fibonacci series. Return true if the number is a member of the Fibonacci series, otherwise return false.

Fibonacci Series Defini...read more

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Q9. Ways To Make Coin Change

Given an infinite supply of coins of varying denominations, determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using these coins. If it's not possible to make the c...read more

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Q10. Longest Increasing Subsequence Problem Statement

Given an array of integers with 'N' elements, determine the length of the longest subsequence where each element is greater than the previous element. This subse...read more

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Q11. Coin Game Winner Problem Statement

Two players 'X' and 'Y' are participating in a coin game. Starting with 'N' coins, players alternate turns, with 'X' starting first. On each turn, a player has three choices: ...read more

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Q12. Next Permutation Problem Statement

You are given a permutation of 'N' integers. A sequence of 'N' integers is considered a permutation if it includes all integers from 1 to 'N' exactly once. Your task is to rea...read more

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Q13. Problem: Sort an Array of 0s, 1s, and 2s

Given an array/list ARR consisting of integers where each element is either 0, 1, or 2, your task is to sort this array in increasing order.

Input:

The input starts with...read more
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Q14. Count Pairs with Difference K

Given an array of integers and an integer K, determine and print the count of all pairs in the array that have an absolute difference of K.

Input:
The first line of the input conta...read more
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Q15. Find Duplicates in an Array

Given an array ARR of size 'N', where each integer is in the range from 0 to N - 1, identify all elements that appear more than once.

Return the duplicate elements in any order. If n...read more

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Q16. Count Ways To Reach The N-th Stair Problem Statement

You are given a number of stairs, N. Starting at the 0th stair, you need to reach the Nth stair. Each time you can either climb one step or two steps. You ha...read more

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Q17. Trapping Rain Water Problem Statement

You are given a long type array/list ARR of size N, representing an elevation map. The value ARR[i] denotes the elevation of the ith bar. Your task is to determine the tota...read more

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Q18. Digits Decoding Problem Statement

A few days back, Ninja encountered a string containing characters from ‘A’ to ‘Z’ which indicated a secret message. For security purposes, he encoded each character of the stri...read more

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Q19. Closest Perfect Square Problem Statement

Given a positive integer 'N', determine the perfect square number closest to 'N' and the number of steps required to reach that perfect square.

Example:

Input:
N = 21
Ou...read more
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Q20. Find the Longest Palindromic Substring

Given a string ‘S’ composed of lowercase English letters, your task is to identify the longest palindromic substring within ‘S’.

If there are multiple longest palindromic ...read more

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Q21. Nth Prime Number Problem Statement

Find the Nth prime number given a number N.

Explanation:

A prime number is greater than 1 and is not the product of two smaller natural numbers. A prime number has exactly two...read more

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Q22. Missing Number Statement

Given an array ARR of integers with size N, where all elements appear an even number of times except for one element which appears an odd number of times, identify the element that appe...read more

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Q23. Nearest Numbers with the Same Number of Set Bits

Given a positive integer n, your task is to determine the next smallest integer and the previous largest integer that have the same number of '1' bits in their b...read more

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Q24. Complete String Problem Statement

Given an array of strings A of size N, determine the longest complete string. A string is deemed complete if every prefix of the string also appears in the array. If multiple s...read more

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Q25. Palindrome String Validation

Determine if a given string 'S' is a palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters and ignoring spaces and symbols.

Note:
The string 'S' should be evaluated in a case-insensi...read more
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Q26. Equilibrium Index Problem Statement

Given an array Arr consisting of N integers, your task is to find the equilibrium index of the array.

An index is considered as an equilibrium index if the sum of elements of...read more

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Q27. Valid Parentheses Problem Statement

Given a string 'STR' consisting solely of the characters “{”, “}”, “(”, “)”, “[” and “]”, determine if the parentheses are balanced.

Input:

The first line contains an integer...read more
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Q28. Secret Message Decoding Problem

Ninja encountered an encoded secret message where each character from 'A' to 'Z' is mapped to a numeric value (A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26). Given a numeric sequence (SEQ) derived ...read more

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Q29. 0/1 Knapsack Problem Statement

A thief is planning to rob a store and can carry a maximum weight 'W' in their knapsack. The store contains 'N' items, each with a known weight and value. Given these constraints,...read more

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Q30. K - Sum Path In A Binary Tree

Given a binary tree where each node contains an integer value, and a value 'K', your task is to find all the paths in the binary tree such that the sum of the node values in each p...read more

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Q31. Convert Sentence Problem Statement

Convert a given string 'S' into its equivalent representation based on a mobile numeric keypad sequence. Using the keypad layout shown in the reference, output the sequence of...read more

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Q32. Prime Numbers Identification

Given a positive integer N, your task is to identify all prime numbers less than or equal to N.

Explanation:

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive d...read more

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Q33. Subsequences of String Problem Statement

You are provided with a string 'STR' that consists of lowercase English letters ranging from 'a' to 'z'. Your task is to determine all non-empty possible subsequences of...read more

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Q34. K Subsets with Equal Sum Problem Statement

Determine whether it is possible to partition an array ARR into K subsets, each having an equal sum.

Example:

Input:
ARR = [3, 5, 2, 4, 4], K = 2
Output:
true
Explanat...read more
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Asked in
CSD Interview

Q35. Count Derangements

Determine the number of derangements possible for a set of 'N' elements. A derangement is a permutation where no element appears in its original position.

Input:

An integer 'T' representing t...read more
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Q36. Rearrange Array: Move Negative Numbers to the Beginning

Given an array ARR consisting of N integers, rearrange the elements such that all negative numbers are located before all positive numbers. The order of e...read more

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Q37. Common Elements Problem Statement

Identify and output the common strings present in both given arrays of lowercase alphabets for each test case.

Input:

The first line contains an integer 'T' representing the nu...read more
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Q38. Character Counting Challenge

Create a program that counts and prints the total number of specific character types from user input. Specifically, you need to count lowercase English alphabets, numeric digits (0-...read more

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Q39. N-th Term Of Geometric Progression

Find the N-th term of a Geometric Progression (GP) series given the first term A, the common ratio R, and the term position N.

Explanation:

The general form of a GP series is ...read more

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Q40. K Sum Subset Problem Statement

Given an array arr of size 'N' and an integer 'K', determine the maximum subset sum of the array that does not exceed 'K'.

Example:

Input:
arr = [1, 3, 5, 9], K = 16
Output:
15
Ex...read more
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Q41. Trailing Zeros in Factorial Problem

Find the number of trailing zeroes in the factorial of a given number N.

Input:

The first line contains an integer T representing the number of test cases.
Each of the followi...read more
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Q42. Minimum Number of Platforms Needed Problem Statement

You are given the arrival and departure times of N trains at a railway station for a particular day. Your task is to determine the minimum number of platform...read more

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Q43. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number Problem Statement

You are given a string S containing digits from 2 to 9 inclusive. Your task is to find all possible letter combinations that the number could represent, b...read more

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Q44. Pair Sum Problem Statement

You are given an integer array 'ARR' of size 'N' and an integer 'S'. Your task is to find and return a list of all pairs of elements where each sum of a pair equals 'S'.

Note:

Each pa...read more

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Q45. Find All Pairs Adding Up to Target

Given an array of integers ARR of length N and an integer Target, your task is to return all pairs of elements such that they add up to the Target.

Input:

The first line conta...read more
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Asked in
CSD Interview

Q46. Find the Second Largest Element

Given an array or list of integers 'ARR', identify the second largest element in 'ARR'.

If a second largest element does not exist, return -1.

Example:

Input:
ARR = [2, 4, 5, 6, ...read more
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Q47. Validate BST Problem Statement

Given a binary tree with N nodes, determine whether the tree is a Binary Search Tree (BST). If it is a BST, return true; otherwise, return false.

A binary search tree (BST) is a b...read more

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Q48. Sort a "K" Sorted Doubly Linked List Problem Statement

You are given a doubly linked list with 'N' nodes, where each node can deviate at most 'K' positions from its actual position in the sorted list. Your task...read more

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Q49. First Non-Repeating Character Problem Statement

You are given a string consisting of English alphabet characters. Your task is to identify and return the first character in the string that does not repeat. If e...read more

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Asked in
SDE Interview

Q50. Partition to K Equal Sum Subsets Problem

Given an array of integers and a positive integer 'K', determine if it is possible to divide the array into 'K' non-empty subsets such that the sum of elements in each s...read more

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Asked in
SDE Interview

Q51. Sort a "K" Sorted Doubly Linked List

Given a doubly-linked list with N nodes, where each node’s position deviates at most K positions from its position in the sorted list, your task is to sort this given doubly...read more

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Q52. Counting Derangements Problem

A derangement is a permutation of 'N' elements, where no element appears in its original position. For instance, a derangement of {0, 1, 2, 3} is {2, 3, 1, 0} because each element ...read more

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Q53. Reverse Alternate K Nodes Problem Statement

You are given a singly linked list of integers along with a positive integer 'K'. The task is to modify the linked list by reversing every alternate 'K' nodes of the ...read more

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Q54. This is for Mainframe Dev. how would you sort two unsorted ps files into three different ps files having unique records of both the files in different files and common records in one. explain the steps.

Ans.

Sort two unsorted PS files into three different PS files with unique and common records.

  • Use SORT utility to sort the two input files individually.

  • Use JOINKEYS to join the two sorted files on a common key.

  • Use OUTFIL to direct the output to three different files based on the record type.

  • Ensure that the output files have unique records and common records as required.

Add your answer

Q55. Convert First Letter to Upper Case

Given a string STR, transform the first letter of each word in the string to uppercase.

Example:

Input:
STR = "I am a student of the third year"
Output:
"I Am A Student Of The...read more
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Q56. Print All Paths Problem Statement

In this problem, you are provided with a graph consisting of 'N' nodes and 'M' unidirectional edges. Additionally, two integers 'S' and 'D' are given, representing the source a...read more

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Q57. Maximum Path Sum Between Two Leaves

Given a non-empty binary tree where each node has a non-negative integer value, determine the maximum possible sum of the path between any two leaves of the given tree.

Expla...read more

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Q58. Stock Trading Maximum Profit Problem

Given the stock prices for 'N' days, your goal is to determine the maximum profit that can be achieved. You can buy and sell the stocks any number of times but can only hold...read more

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Q59. Word Break Problem Statement

You are given a list of N strings called A. Your task is to determine whether you can form a given target string by combining one or more strings from A.

The strings from A can be u...read more

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Q60. Rotational Equivalence of Strings Problem Statement

Given two strings 'P' and 'Q' of equal length, determine if string 'P' can be transformed into string 'Q' by cyclically rotating it to the right any number of...read more

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Asked in
SDE Interview

Q61. Merge k Sorted Linked Lists

You are provided with 'K' sorted linked lists, each sorted in increasing order. Your task is to merge all these lists into one single sorted linked list and return the head of the re...read more

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Q62. Number of Islands Problem Statement

You are provided with a 2-dimensional matrix having N rows and M columns, containing only 1s (land) and 0s (water). Your goal is to determine the number of islands in this ma...read more

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Q63. Zigzag Binary Tree Traversal Problem

Given a binary tree, compute the zigzag level order traversal of the node values in the tree. The zigzag traversal requires traversing levels from left to right, then right ...read more

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Asked in
SDE Interview

Q64. Maximum Meetings Selection

You are tasked with scheduling meetings in a single meeting room. Given N meetings, each with a start time Start[i] and end time End[i], determine the maximum number of meetings that ...read more

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Q65. Remove String from Linked List Problem

You are provided with a singly linked list where each node contains a single character, along with a string 'STR'. Your task is to remove all occurrences of the string 'ST...read more

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Q66. Most Frequent Word Problem Statement

You are given two strings 'A' and 'B' composed of words separated by spaces. Your task is to determine the most frequent and lexicographically smallest word in string 'A' th...read more

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Q67. Guess The Hidden Number Problem Statement

You are given an integer N and there is a hidden number within the range [0, N] that you must guess. You have access to a function higherLower(k) which helps in guessin...read more

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Q68. Detect and Remove Loop in Linked List

For a given singly linked list, identify if a loop exists and remove it, adjusting the linked list in place. Return the modified linked list.

Expected Complexity:

Aim for a...read more

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Q69. Trapping Rainwater Problem Statement

You are given an array ARR of long type, which represents an elevation map where ARR[i] denotes the elevation of the ith bar. Calculate the total amount of rainwater that ca...read more

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Q70. String Rotation Problem Statement

You are given a string named str and an integer D. Your task is to perform both left (anticlockwise) and right (clockwise) rotations on the given string by D units, starting fr...read more

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Q71. Merge Sort Linked List Problem Statement

You are given a singly linked list of integers. Your task is to sort the linked list using the merge sort algorithm.

Explanation:

Merge Sort is a divide and conquer algo...read more

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Q72. Reverse Linked List Problem Statement

Given a Singly Linked List of integers, your task is to reverse the Linked List by altering the links between the nodes.

Input:

The first line of input is an integer T, rep...read more
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Q73. Minimum Steps for a Knight to Reach Target

Given a square chessboard of size N x N, you need to determine the minimum number of steps a Knight takes to reach a target position from its starting position.

Input:...read more

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Q74. Count Palindrome Words in a String

Given a string 'S' consisting of words, your task is to determine the number of palindrome words within 'S'. A word is considered a palindrome if it reads the same backward as...read more

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Q75. Preorder Traversal Problem Statement

You are provided with the root node of a binary tree comprising N nodes. Your objective is to output its preorder traversal. Preorder traversal of a binary tree is performed...read more

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Q76. Check If Binary Representation of a Number is Palindrome

Given an integer N, determine if its binary representation is a palindrome.

Input:

The first line contains a single integer ‘T’ representing the number o...read more
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Asked in
SDE Interview

Q77. Duplicate Subtrees Problem Statement

Given a binary tree, return the root values of all duplicate subtrees. Two subtrees are considered duplicate if they have the same structure with identical node values. For ...read more

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Q78. Make Unique Array Challenge

Your task is to determine the minimum number of elements that need to be removed from an array 'ARR' of size 'N' such that all the remaining elements are distinct. In simpler terms, ...read more

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Q79. Distribute N Candies Among K People

Explanation: Sanyam wishes to distribute 'N' candies among 'K' friends. The friends are arranged based on Sanyam's order of likeness. He initially distributes candies such th...read more

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Q80. Median of Two Sorted Arrays

Given two sorted arrays A and B of sizes N and M, find the median of the merged array formed by combining arrays A and B. If the total number of elements, N + M, is even, the median ...read more

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Q81. Sort 0 and 1 Problem Statement

Given an integer array ARR of size N containing only integers 0 and 1, implement a function to sort this array. The solution should scan the array only once without using any addi...read more

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Q82. Spiral Order Traversal of a Binary Tree

Given a binary tree with N nodes, your task is to output the Spiral Order traversal of the binary tree.

Input:

The input consists of a single line containing elements of ...read more
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Q83. Code Optimization Problem

Ninja encountered an issue with a practice problem where certain test cases could not be passed due to high time complexity. You are provided with a snippet of pseudocode, and your tas...read more

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Q84. Binary Palindrome Check

Given an integer N, determine whether its binary representation is a palindrome.

Input:

The first line contains an integer 'T' representing the number of test cases. 
The next 'T' lines e...read more
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Q85. Character Formation Check

Determine if the second string STR2 can be constructed using characters from the first string STR1. Both strings may include any characters.

Input:

The first line contains an integer T...read more
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Q86. Count Pairs with Given Sum

Given an integer array/list arr and an integer 'Sum', determine the total number of unique pairs in the array whose elements sum up to the given 'Sum'.

Input:

The first line contains ...read more
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Q87. Jumping Game Problem Statement

In this problem, you have ‘n’ carrots lined up and denoted by numbers 1 through ‘n’. There are ‘k’ rabbits, and each rabbit can jump to carrots that are multiples of its unique ju...read more

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Q88. Reverse Stack with Recursion

Reverse a given stack of integers using recursion. You must accomplish this without utilizing extra space beyond the internal stack space used by recursion. Additionally, you must r...read more

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Q89. String Transformation Problem

Given a string (STR) of length N, you are tasked to create a new string through the following method:

Select the smallest character from the first K characters of STR, remove it fr...read more

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Q90. Segregate Odd-Even Problem Statement

In a wedding ceremony at NinjaLand, attendees are divided into two groups: bride’s side and groom’s side. Attendees from the bride’s side hold odd numbers, while those from ...read more

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Q91. Write a program: single input as a string(lets say "aaabcccfffghh"), you have to return the char and their occurrence as a string. In this case you have to return "a3b1c3f3g1h2"

Ans.

Program to return character and their occurrence in a string.

  • Iterate through the string and count the occurrence of each character.

  • Store the count in a dictionary or hashmap.

  • Create a new string by concatenating the character and their count.

  • Return the new string.

View 1 answer

Q92. Smallest Window Problem Statement

Given two strings S and X containing random characters, the task is to find the smallest substring in S which contains all the characters present in X.

Input:

The first line co...read more
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Q93. how would you handle overflow condition of an array? SB37,SD37,SE37,S0C4,S0C7?JCL - how to backup all GDG versions in one step? what are COMP & COMP-3 vars and what it's used for?

Ans.

Handling overflow condition of an array and backing up GDG versions in one step in JCL

  • For overflow, check array bounds before accessing elements

  • For SB37, increase primary/secondary space allocation

  • For SD37, increase directory blocks

  • For SE37, increase primary/secondary space allocation for PDS

  • For S0C4, check for null pointers or uninitialized variables

  • For S0C7, check for invalid data types or out-of-bounds array access

  • To backup all GDG versions in one step, use the GDG base na...read more

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Q94. Count Derangements Problem Statement

You are tasked with finding the total number of derangements for a given set of elements. Specifically, for an integer N, determine how many ways there are to permute a set ...read more

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Q95. 1. How to make object thread-safe? 2. Create an Immutable class. 3. Which Garbage collection algorithm is used in Java. 4. print the left view of the Binary tree 5. working of Circuiter breaker design pattern....

read more
Ans.

Technical interview questions for Associate Staff Engineer position

  • To make an object thread-safe, use synchronization or use thread-safe data structures

  • Immutable class is a class whose state cannot be modified after creation

  • Java uses a mark-and-sweep algorithm for garbage collection

  • To print the left view of a binary tree, perform a level order traversal and print the first node at each level

  • Circuit breaker design pattern is used to prevent cascading failures in distributed sy...read more

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Q96. Difference between microflow flow and nano flow

Ans.

Microflow is a flow with a rate of 1-1000 µL/min while nano flow is a flow with a rate of 1-1000 nL/min.

  • Microflow is used in HPLC and capillary electrophoresis while nano flow is used in nano-LC and proteomics.

  • Microflow requires larger sample volumes while nano flow requires smaller sample volumes.

  • Microflow has lower sensitivity compared to nano flow.

Add your answer

Q97. Factorial Calculation Problem Statement

Develop a program to compute the factorial of a given integer 'n'.

The factorial of a non-negative integer 'n', denoted as n!, is the product of all positive integers les...read more

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Q98. write a program: if input is "my_first_variable" return output as "myFirstVariable" and vice-versa

Ans.

A program to convert a variable name from snake_case to camelCase and vice-versa.

  • Split the input string by underscore (_) to get an array of words.

  • For snake_case to camelCase conversion, capitalize the first letter of each word except the first one.

  • For camelCase to snake_case conversion, insert an underscore (_) before each capital letter except the first one.

  • Join the array of words with the appropriate delimiter to get the converted variable name.

Add your answer

Q99. DFS Traversal Problem Statement

Given an undirected and disconnected graph G(V, E), where V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges, the connections between vertices are provided in the 'GRAPH' m...read more

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Q100. How to write HTML code considering web accessibility for disabled person

Ans.

Consider web accessibility guidelines for disabled persons when writing HTML code.

  • Use semantic HTML elements like <nav>, <header>, <main>, <footer> to improve screen reader accessibility.

  • Provide alternative text for images using the alt attribute.

  • Ensure proper color contrast for text and background to aid visually impaired users.

  • Use ARIA roles and attributes to enhance accessibility for interactive elements.

  • Test your website using screen readers and keyboard navigation to ide...read more

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