MSCI Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Get all permutations of [1,2,3]
Ans. 
Generate all permutations of [1,2,3] as array of strings
• Use recursion to generate all possible permutations

• Swap elements to create different permutations

• Base case: when only one element is left, add to result array
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Q2. What is the purpose of the slice function in Redux Toolkit?
Ans. 
The slice function in Redux Toolkit is used to create a copy of a portion of an array state.
• Allows for immutably updating arrays in Redux state by creating a new array with a subset of elements.

• Can be used to remove elements from an array without mutating the original state.

• Example: const newState = state.slice(0, 2) will create a new array with the first 2 elements of the original state.
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Q1. How would you find object is Array without using Array.isArray() function?
Ans. 
Check if an object is an array without using Array.isArray() function
• Check if the object has a length property

• Check if the object has a slice method

• Check if the object has an index of 0
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Q1. What is software?
Ans. 
Software is a collection of programs and data that instructs a computer on how to perform specific tasks.
• Software can be categorized into system software (e.g., operating systems like Windows) and application software (e.g., Microsoft Word).

• Programming languages (e.g., Python, Java) are used to create software applications.

• Software can be proprietary (e.g., Adobe Photoshop) or open-source (e.g., Linux).

• Software updates...read more
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Q2. What is an array, and what are the different types of arrays?
Ans. 
An array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations, allowing efficient data management.
• 1. One-Dimensional Array: A linear list of elements, e.g., ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'].

• 2. Two-Dimensional Array: A grid-like structure, e.g., [['apple', 'banana'], ['cherry', 'date']].

• 3. Multi-Dimensional Array: Arrays with more than two dimensions, e.g., a 3D array for storing data in layers.

• 4. Dynamic Array: ...read more
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Q3. What is an operator?
Ans. 
An operator is a person or system that performs specific tasks or functions, often involving data manipulation or processing.
• Operators can be human or automated systems, like software applications.

• In data entry, an operator inputs, updates, or manages data in databases.

• Examples include data entry clerks, machine operators, and software operators.

• Operators may also perform quality checks to ensure data accuracy.
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Q4. What are interface and inheritance in programming?
Ans. 
Interfaces define contracts for classes, while inheritance allows classes to share properties and methods.
• An interface is a reference type in programming that defines a contract of methods and properties without implementation.

• Example of an interface in Java: 'interface Animal { void sound(); }'

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class, promoting code reusability.

• Example of inherit...read more
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Q5. What is polymorphism in programming?
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Q6. What is the definition of a class in programming?
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Q7. What are HTML and HTML5, and what are the differences between them?
Ans. 
HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages, while HTML5 is its latest version with enhanced features.
• HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the foundation of web pages, while HTML5 is the fifth version with new capabilities.

• HTML5 supports multimedia elements like <audio> and <video>, which were not natively supported in earlier versions.

• HTML5 introduces semantic elements like <header>, &...read more
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Q8. What is Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)?
Ans. 
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML.
• CSS controls layout, colors, fonts, and overall visual appearance of web pages.

• It allows for responsive design, adapting layouts for different screen sizes (e.g., mobile vs. desktop).

• CSS can be applied inline, embedded in the head of an HTML document, or linked as an external stylesheet.

• Example: ...read more
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Q9. What is a data type?
Ans. 
A data type defines the kind of data a variable can hold, such as integers, strings, or booleans.
• Integer: Represents whole numbers, e.g., 1, 42, -7.

• String: Represents text, e.g., 'Hello', 'Data Entry'.

• Boolean: Represents true/false values, e.g., true, false.

• Float: Represents decimal numbers, e.g., 3.14, -0.001.
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Q10. What are the differences between JavaScript and Java?
Ans. 
JavaScript is a scripting language for web development, while Java is a robust, object-oriented programming language.
• JavaScript is primarily used for client-side web development, while Java is used for server-side applications.

• JavaScript is dynamically typed, meaning variable types are determined at runtime, whereas Java is statically typed, requiring explicit type declaration.

• JavaScript runs in web browsers, while Jav...read more
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Q11. What is Java?
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Simple java questions, one coding question and one design question

Q1. What is visitor pattern?
Ans. 
Visitor pattern is a design pattern where a visitor class is used to perform operations on elements of a data structure.
• Visitor pattern allows adding new operations to existing classes without modifying them

• It separates the algorithm from the object structure on which it operates

• Commonly used in compilers, interpreters, and other complex systems
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Q2. You have a 2d array {{1,2},{1,3},{5,6}}. Calculate the sum of elements of 1st position in every array with Java 8.
Ans. 
Calculate sum of elements at 1st position in each array using Java 8.
• Use Java 8 stream to map each array to its 1st element and then sum them up.

• Example: {{1,2},{1,3},{5,6}} -> 1 + 1 + 5 = 7
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Q3. Design Thread collector class
Ans. 
Thread collector class to manage and organize threads in a system
• Create a ThreadCollector class with methods to add, remove, and retrieve threads

• Implement a data structure like a list or queue to store the threads

• Ensure thread safety by using synchronization mechanisms like locks or semaphores
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Q4. What is volatile?
Ans. 
Volatile refers to a type of memory storage that is temporary and can change frequently.
• Volatile memory loses its data when power is turned off, unlike non-volatile memory.

• Volatile memory is commonly used for temporary storage of data that needs to be quickly accessed and modified.

• Examples of volatile memory include RAM (Random Access Memory) in computers and cache memory in processors.
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Q5. Sql query to remove duplicates
Ans. 
Use the DISTINCT keyword in a SELECT statement to remove duplicates from a table.
• Use the SELECT DISTINCT statement to retrieve unique rows from a table.

• For example: SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

• Another way is to use the GROUP BY clause with the COUNT() function to remove duplicates.

• For example: SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name;
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Q1. Why do you think you are fit for this role?
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Q2. Why are you leaving your current company?
Ans. 
Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth.
• Desire for new challenges and opportunities

• Looking for career advancement

• Seeking a more innovative and dynamic work environment
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Q1. Describe your projects
Ans. 
I have worked on various projects involving data analysis, market research, and process improvement.
• Conducted market research to identify new opportunities for product development

• Utilized data analysis techniques to optimize business processes

• Implemented process improvement strategies to increase efficiency and reduce costs
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Q2. All about resume
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Q1. What is normalisation
Ans. 
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization involves breaking down data into smaller, more manageable tables

• It helps in reducing data redundancy by storing data in a structured manner

• Normalization ensures data integrity by minimizing anomalies such as update, insert, and delete anomalies
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Q2. How is data stored in power BI
Ans. 
Data in Power BI is stored in a compressed columnar format called VertiPaq.
• Data in Power BI is stored in a compressed columnar format called VertiPaq.

• VertiPaq stores data in memory, allowing for fast query performance.

• Power BI also supports DirectQuery mode where data is queried directly from the data source.

• Data can be imported into Power BI or connected live to the data source.
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Q1. How did you write BRDs
Ans. 
I wrote BRDs by gathering requirements from stakeholders, documenting them clearly, and ensuring alignment with project goals.
• Conducting interviews with stakeholders to gather requirements

• Documenting requirements in a clear and structured manner

• Ensuring alignment of requirements with project goals

• Reviewing and revising BRDs based on feedback
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Q2. What is the motivating and demotivating factor when joining a new organization
Ans. 
Motivating factors include growth opportunities and positive work culture, while demotivating factors include lack of recognition and poor management.
• Motivating factors: opportunities for growth and advancement, positive work culture, competitive salary and benefits

• Demotivating factors: lack of recognition for hard work, poor management and leadership, toxic work environment

• Examples: A motivating factor could be a clea...read more
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