Mphasis Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is the agile methodology?
Ans. 
Agile methodology is a project management approach that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and incremental progress.
• Agile focuses on delivering small, incremental releases and adapting to change quickly.

• It promotes collaboration between cross-functional teams and encourages frequent communication.

• Key principles include customer satisfaction, responding to change, and delivering working software.

• Common agile framewo...read more
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Q2. What is the waterfall model in software development?
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Waterfall model is a linear sequential software development process where progress flows in one direction like a waterfall.
• Involves distinct phases such as requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Each phase must be completed before moving on to the next.

• Changes are difficult to implement once a phase is completed.

• Example: Traditional software development approach.

• Example: Construction projects.
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Q1. Pyspark architecture
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Q2. Optimisation in pyspark
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Optimisation in PySpark involves improving performance and efficiency of Spark jobs.
• Use partitioning to distribute data evenly across nodes

• Avoid shuffling data between nodes as much as possible

• Use broadcast variables for small lookup tables

• Cache intermediate results to avoid recomputation

• Optimize transformations and actions for better performance
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Q3. Null handling in spark
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Null handling in Spark involves handling missing or null values in data processing.
• Use functions like coalesce, na.fill, na.drop to handle null values

• Consider using when and otherwise functions for conditional null handling

• Be cautious of potential null pointer exceptions when working with null values
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Q4. Operators in airflow
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Airflow operators are used to define the tasks to be executed in a workflow.
• Operators are classes that define the logic to execute a task in Airflow.

• There are various types of operators such as BashOperator, PythonOperator, and more.

• Operators can be customized to suit specific task requirements.

• Operators can be chained together to create complex workflows.

• Example: BashOperator executes a bash command, PythonOperator ru...read more
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Q5. Sql coding for average rolling , lead lag
Ans. 
SQL coding for calculating average rolling, lead, and lag functions.
• Use window functions like ROWS BETWEEN and ORDER BY for calculating rolling averages.

• Use LEAD and LAG functions to access data from previous or next rows.

• Example: SELECT col1, AVG(col2) OVER (ORDER BY col1 ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS rolling_avg FROM table_name;
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Q6. Mysql to gcs ,how to move 10 tables at a time?
Ans. 
Use Apache Sqoop to move 10 tables from MySQL to Google Cloud Storage.
• Use Apache Sqoop to import data from MySQL to HDFS

• Use Google Cloud Storage connector for Hadoop to move data from HDFS to GCS

• Create a script to automate the process for all 10 tables
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Q7. Explode json data
Ans. 
Exploding JSON data in PySpark allows you to transform nested structures into flat tables for easier analysis.
• Use the `explode` function to flatten arrays in JSON data.

• Example: df.select(explode(df.json_column)).show() to display exploded rows.

• For nested JSON, combine `explode` with `selectExpr` to access deeper levels.

• Example: df.selectExpr('explode(nested_array) as exploded').show() for nested arrays.
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Q8. Error logs
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Q1. Technical questions on Mainframes and TOSCA
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Q1. Client round with technical questions on mainframes and tosca
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Q1. Till date they have not enrolled me even after confirming and doing my documentation
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Q1. Documentation round which is still going on and its been 2 months
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Q1. What strategies can be employed to enhance the performance of an Angular application?
Ans. 
Enhancing Angular app performance involves optimization techniques like lazy loading, change detection strategies, and efficient data handling.
• Use Lazy Loading: Load feature modules only when needed to reduce initial load time. Example: Implementing lazy loading in the routing module.

• Optimize Change Detection: Use OnPush strategy to limit checks to only when inputs change. Example: Using ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush ...read more
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Q2. How do you handle data binding in Angular?
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Data binding in Angular connects component data to the template, enabling dynamic updates and interaction.
• 1. **Interpolation**: Use double curly braces to bind component properties to the template. Example: `{{ title }}`.

• 2. **Property Binding**: Bind DOM properties to component properties using square brackets. Example: `<img [src]='imageUrl'>`.

• 3. **Event Binding**: Use parentheses to listen to events and call co...read more
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Q3. What are the lifecycle events in Angular?
Ans. 
Angular lifecycle events manage component states from creation to destruction, enabling developers to hook into key moments.
• ngOnInit: Called once after the first ngOnChanges. Ideal for initialization logic. Example: Fetching data from a service.

• ngOnChanges: Invoked before ngOnInit and whenever one or more data-bound input properties change. Example: Reacting to input changes.

• ngDoCheck: Called during every change detect...read more
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Q4. What are the default filters in Angular?
Ans. 
Angular provides built-in filters for formatting data in templates, enhancing user experience and readability.
• Currency Filter: Formats a number as currency. Example: {{ amount | currency:'USD':true }}

• Date Filter: Formats a date object. Example: {{ today | date:'fullDate' }}

• Decimal Filter: Formats a number as a decimal. Example: {{ pi | number:2 }}

• Json Filter: Converts an object into a JSON string. Example: {{ object | ...read more
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Q5. How can events be handled in Angular?
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Angular handles events using event binding, directives, and services for user interactions and component communication.
• Event Binding: Use parentheses to bind events in templates, e.g., <button (click)='onClick()'>Click Me</button>.

• Event Object: Access event properties by passing $event, e.g., <input (input)='onInput($event)'>.

• Custom Events: Use EventEmitter to create and emit custom events from child ...read more
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Q6. How can security and vulnerabilities be managed in Angular applications?
Ans. 
Manage security in Angular by using built-in features, best practices, and regular updates to mitigate vulnerabilities.
• Use Angular's built-in security features like DomSanitizer to prevent XSS attacks.

• Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) to restrict resources that can be loaded.

• Regularly update Angular and its dependencies to patch known vulnerabilities.

• Validate and sanitize user inputs to prevent injection attacks.

• ...read more
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Q7. What are some best practices to follow while coding in Angular?
Ans. 
Follow best practices in Angular to enhance code quality, maintainability, and performance.
• Use Angular CLI for project setup and management to ensure consistency.

• Organize code into modules for better separation of concerns.

• Implement lazy loading for feature modules to improve application performance.

• Utilize services for data management and business logic, keeping components lean.

• Follow the Angular style guide for namin...read more
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Q8. What is dependency injection in Angular?
Ans. 
Dependency injection in Angular is a design pattern that allows a class to receive its dependencies from external sources rather than creating them itself.
• Promotes code reusability and modularity by decoupling components.

• Angular's injector is responsible for creating and managing dependencies.

• Services can be injected into components, directives, and other services.

• Example: A logging service can be injected into multipl...read more
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Q9. What is the difference between ngShow and ngIf in AngularJS?
Ans. 
ngShow toggles visibility with CSS, while ngIf adds/removes elements from the DOM based on a condition.
• ngShow: Uses CSS display property to show/hide elements without removing them from the DOM.

• Example: <div ng-show='isVisible'>Content</div> - Content remains in DOM but hidden if isVisible is false.

• ngIf: Conditionally includes or excludes elements from the DOM based on the expression's truthiness.

• Example: &...read more
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Q10. What is the difference between call, apply, and bind in JavaScript?
Ans. 
call, apply, and bind are methods to set the context of 'this' in JavaScript functions.
• call: Invokes a function with a specified 'this' value and arguments provided individually. Example: func.call(obj, arg1, arg2);

• apply: Similar to call, but arguments are provided as an array. Example: func.apply(obj, [arg1, arg2]);

• bind: Returns a new function with a specified 'this' value, allowing for later invocation. Example: cons...read more
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Q11. What is the difference between map, filter, and reduce functions?
Ans. 
Map, filter, and reduce are array methods in JavaScript for transforming and processing data.
• Map: Creates a new array by applying a function to each element. Example: [1, 2, 3].map(x => x * 2) results in [2, 4, 6].

• Filter: Creates a new array with elements that pass a test. Example: [1, 2, 3].filter(x => x > 1) results in [2, 3].

• Reduce: Reduces an array to a single value by applying a function. Example: [1, 2, ...read more
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Q12. What is the difference between the "for," "for each," and "for of" constructs in programming?
Ans. 
Different looping constructs in programming serve unique purposes for iterating over collections.
• for: A traditional loop that iterates over a range of numbers. Example: for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { console.log(i); }

• for each: A method to iterate over elements in an array or collection. Example: array.forEach(item => console.log(item));

• for of: A modern loop for iterating over iterable objects like arrays, strings,...read more
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Q13. What function can be written to check if a string is a palindrome?
Ans. 
A palindrome is a string that reads the same forwards and backwards. Here's how to check for it in JavaScript.
• Convert the string to lowercase to ensure case insensitivity. Example: 'Racecar' becomes 'racecar'.

• Remove non-alphanumeric characters to focus only on letters and numbers. Example: 'A man, a plan, a canal: Panama!' becomes 'amanaplanacanalpanama'.

• Reverse the cleaned string and compare it to the original cleaned...read more
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10 min, simple question on programming skills

Q1. Which Microservice communication pattern you have used?
Ans. 
I have used the asynchronous messaging pattern for Microservice communication.
• Implemented messaging queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka for decoupled communication

• Used message brokers to enable communication between Microservices

• Leveraged event-driven architecture for real-time updates and scalability
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Q2. Which Application Insight tool you have used?
Ans. 
I have used Application Insights for monitoring and analyzing the performance of .NET applications.
• Used Application Insights to track application performance metrics

• Analyzed telemetry data to identify performance bottlenecks

• Set up alerts and notifications for critical issues

• Integrated Application Insights with Azure DevOps for continuous monitoring
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Q3. Caching Technique is used in your project
Ans. 
We use in-memory caching technique in our project to improve performance and reduce database load.
• In-memory caching is used to store frequently accessed data in memory for quick retrieval

• Helps reduce database load and improve application performance

• Examples: using MemoryCache in .NET, Redis caching, caching frequently accessed data like user profiles or product information
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Q4. Api Gateways is used in MicrosServices
Ans. 
Yes, API Gateways are used in Microservices to manage and secure communication between services.
• API Gateways act as a single entry point for clients to access multiple microservices

• They handle authentication, authorization, rate limiting, logging, and monitoring

• Examples of API Gateways include Kong, Apigee, and AWS API Gateway
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Q5. Which single sign on technology/Mechanism is used in project
Ans. 
We are using OAuth 2.0 for single sign on in the project.
• OAuth 2.0 is a widely used authorization framework that enables a third-party application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service.

• It allows users to log in once and access multiple applications without having to log in again.

• OAuth 2.0 provides secure delegated access to resources without sharing user credentials.
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Q6. What is JWT token,why we use it
Ans. 
JWT token is a JSON Web Token used for secure transmission of information between parties.
• JWT token is a compact and self-contained way to transmit information between parties.

• It is digitally signed to verify its authenticity and integrity.

• JWT tokens consist of three parts: header, payload, and signature.

• They are commonly used for authentication and information exchange in web applications.

• Example: JWT tokens are often...read more
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Q7. How to implement exception handling and filters in .net core web api
Ans. 
Exception handling and filters in .NET Core Web API
• Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions in the code

• Implement global exception handling middleware to catch unhandled exceptions

• Use filters like [Authorize] for authentication and [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] for CSRF protection

• Create custom exception filters by implementing IExceptionFilter interface
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Online test -math & quants,verbal,puzzle,computer programming,logical

Q1. They select everyone from this & nothing serious
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Q1. Any program which you know.
Ans. 
One program I know is a simple calculator program written in Python.
• The program takes user input for two numbers and an operator (+, -, *, /).

• It then performs the operation and displays the result.

• Example: input 5, +, 3 -> output 8
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Q2. About the projects in the resume
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Q3. About the internship
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Q1. Tell about yourself
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Q2. Can you relocate yourself(your answer should be yes)
Ans. 
Yes, I am open to relocating for the right opportunity to grow and contribute to the team effectively.
• Relocation can provide exposure to new technologies and methodologies.

• It allows for networking with professionals in different regions.

• I am adaptable and enjoy exploring new environments, which can enhance my creativity.

• For example, moving to a tech hub can offer more collaboration opportunities.
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