Hvk International Interview Questions and Answers

The DORA process is used for IP address assignment in a network. It consists of four steps: Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge.

• Discover: The client sends a broadcast message to find available DHCP servers.

• Offer: DHCP servers respond with an IP address lease offer.

• Request: The client selects an IP address and sends a request to the DHCP server.

• Acknowledge: The DHCP server acknowledges the request and assigns the IP address to the client.

DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a system that translates domain names into IP addresses.

• DNS is like a phonebook for the internet

• It helps to locate websites by translating domain names into IP addresses

• DNS servers store information about domain names and their corresponding IP addresses

• DNS queries are sent by web browsers to DNS servers to resolve domain names

• DNS can also be used for other purposes such as email routing and network diagnostics

Forwarding, delegation, and stub zones are all methods of DNS resolution.

• Forwarding involves sending DNS queries to another DNS server for resolution.

• Delegation involves assigning responsibility for a subdomain to another DNS server.

• Stub zones are a copy of a zone's NS records used to reduce DNS query traffic.

• All three methods can improve DNS performance and reliability.

• Forwarding and delegation can be configured at the DNS server level.

• Stub zones are configured on the DNS cl...read more

OSPF routing in broadcast is a method of routing in which OSPF packets are sent to all devices on a network segment.

• OSPF packets are sent to all devices on a network segment, regardless of whether they need the information or not.

• This method is used in networks where there are multiple routers on a single segment.

• Broadcast OSPF packets are sent using multicast addresses.

• This method can be less efficient than other OSPF routing methods, such as point-to-point or non-broadcast....read more

RSTP is a protocol used to prevent loops in a network by dynamically disabling ports.

• RSTP stands for Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

• It is an improvement over STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)

• RSTP uses port roles (root, designated, alternate, backup) to determine which ports should be active

• It also uses port states (discarding, learning, forwarding) to prevent loops

• RSTP can detect and respond to topology changes faster than STP