Morgan Stanley Software Developer Intern Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

3 questions of medium to hard coding questions.

Q1. Technical interview including SQL, one programming language, and dbms based questions. the interview went well and was of 90mins.
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Round duration - 100 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Test started at 04:00 PM sharp and complete the same by 06:00 PM.
The test duration is 100 minutes.
Environment (Amcat) is user friendly and understandable.
Web cam and microphone were also enabled.

Q1. 
Longest Substring with At Most K Distinct Characters
Given a string S of length N and an integer K, find the length of the longest substring that contains at most K distinct characters.
Input:
The first...read more
Ans. 
Find the length of the longest substring with at most K distinct characters in a given string.
• Use a sliding window approach to keep track of the characters and their counts within the window.

• Maintain a hashmap to store the characters and their frequencies.

• Update the window size and characters count as you iterate through the string.

• Return the maximum window size encountered for each test case.
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Q2. 
Find the Duplicate Number Problem Statement
Given an integer array 'ARR' of size 'N' containing numbers from 0 to (N - 2). Each number appears at least once, and there is one number that appears twice. Yo...read more
Ans. 
Find the duplicate number in an integer array containing numbers from 0 to (N - 2).
• Iterate through the array and keep track of the frequency of each number using a hashmap.

• Return the number that appears twice in the array.

• The duplicate number is always present in the given array.
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Round duration - 40 minutes
Round difficulty - Hard

This round was conducted on skype platform. I was shared the invitation link one day prior to the interview and also was told the name of my interviewer. I looked at the profile of the interviewer at linked.in and got a better understanding of what kind of person he was and prepared accordingly. The round was scheduled at 3 :00 pm on 5th Nov and I was eagerly waiting for the clock hands to reach 3 o'clock since morning and finally I went in front of him after wearing a white shirt and a black coat over it along with a tie over it.

Q1. 
Ninja and Binary String Problem Statement
Ninja has a binary string S of size N given by his friend. The task is to determine if it's possible to sort the binary string S in decreasing order by removing a...read more
Ans. 
Determine if a binary string can be sorted in decreasing order by removing non-adjacent characters.
• Iterate through the binary string and check if it can be sorted in decreasing order by removing non-adjacent characters.

• Keep track of the count of '1's and '0's in the string to determine if it can be sorted in decreasing order.

• If the count of '1's is greater than the count of '0's, the string can be sorted in decreasing ...read more
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Q2. 
Split the String Problem Statement
You are given a string str consisting of N lowercase alphabets. Your task is to determine if it is possible to divide the string into three non-empty substrings such tha...read more
Ans. 
Given a string, determine if it can be split into three non-empty substrings where one is a substring of the other two.
• Check if any substring of the string is a substring of the other two substrings.

• Iterate through all possible splits of the string and check for the condition.

• Use two pointers to find all possible substrings efficiently.
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Round duration - 40 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was scheduled on 15th Nov, almost after 10 days of the previous technical round. I got the confirmation of passing the previous round on 11th Nov and was asked to appear in this final round which was scheduled on 15th Nov at 11:00 am in the morning and it was going to be an HR round which probably was my favourite among all the other rounds. I prepared for by reading interview experiences available at coding ninjas and geeksforgeeks.

Round duration - 90 Minutes
Round difficulty - Hard

Q1. 
Ways To Make Coin Change
Given an infinite supply of coins of varying denominations, determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using these coins. If it's not possible to make...read more
Ans. 
Implement a function to determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using given denominations.
• Use dynamic programming to keep track of the number of ways to make change for each value up to the target value.

• Iterate through each denomination and update the number of ways to make change for each value based on the current denomination.

• Return the total number of ways to make change for the targ...read more
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Round duration - 90 Miinutes
Round difficulty - Medium

I was asked 3 coding questions

Q1. How would you design a system like Facebook?
Ans. 
Designing a system like Facebook involves creating user profiles, news feeds, friend connections, messaging features, and more.
• Create user profiles with personal information, photos, and posts

• Implement a news feed algorithm to display relevant content to users

• Allow users to connect with friends and follow other users

• Include messaging features for private communication between users

• Implement notifications for likes, com...read more
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Q2. 
Sorted Linked List to Balanced BST Problem Statement
Given a singly linked list where nodes contain values in increasing order, your task is to convert it into a Balanced Binary Search Tree (BST) using th...read more
Ans. 
Convert a sorted singly linked list into a Balanced Binary Search Tree (BST) using the same data values.
• Create a function to convert the linked list to a BST by finding the middle element as the root and recursively building the left and right subtrees.

• Maintain a pointer to the head of the linked list and update it as nodes are processed.

• Use level order traversal to output the values of the BST nodes, representing NULL...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is HR + Technical Round
Started with tell me about yourself asked about projects in depth

Q1. 
Cycle Detection in a Singly Linked List
Determine if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle or not.
A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next points back to a previous node in the ...read more
Ans. 
Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next pointer points back to a previous node.
• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm to determine if there is a cycle in the linked list.

• Maintain two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other.

• If the two pointers meet at any point, there is a cycle in the linked list.
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