Microsoft Corporation SQL Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is normalization
Ans. 
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization involves breaking down data into smaller, more manageable tables

• It helps in reducing data redundancy by eliminating duplicate data

• Normalization ensures data integrity by enforcing relationships between tables

• There are different normal forms such as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF
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Q2. What is indexing
Ans. 
Indexing is a technique used to improve the performance of database queries by creating a data structure that allows for faster retrieval of data.
• Indexes are created on columns in a database table to speed up the retrieval of rows that match a certain condition.

• They work similar to an index in a book, allowing the database to quickly locate the rows that satisfy a query.

• Examples of indexes include primary keys, unique
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45 minutes
arrays, strings,
SHL

Q1. Find number of nodes in a tree and it's time complexity
Ans. 
To find number of nodes in a tree, perform a depth-first or breadth-first traversal and count the nodes. Time complexity is O(n).
• Perform a depth-first or breadth-first traversal of the tree

• Count the nodes as you traverse the tree

• Time complexity is O(n) where n is the number of nodes in the tree
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Q2. What is abstraction and how do you implement it ??
Ans. 
Abstraction is the concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary information.
• Abstraction allows developers to focus on the essential features of an object or system.

• It helps in reducing complexity and improving efficiency in software development.

• Implement abstraction in programming by using abstract classes and interfaces.

• Example: In a car, we don't need to know the internal workings o...read more
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Q1. What is the minimum number of coins to reach the target with the coins 1,2,5
Ans. 
The minimum number of coins to reach a target amount can be calculated using dynamic programming.
• Use dynamic programming to calculate the minimum number of coins needed to reach the target amount.

• Start by initializing an array to store the minimum number of coins needed for each amount from 0 to the target amount.

• Iterate through the coin denominations and update the minimum number of coins needed for each amount based
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Q2. Byte stream to human readable format without using library
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Convert byte stream to human readable format without using library
• Iterate through the byte stream and convert each byte to its ASCII character representation

• Concatenate the ASCII characters to form the human readable format

• Handle special characters and edge cases appropriately
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