10+ Microsoft Corporation Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Designing elevators and adding different roles.

• Design a system that can handle multiple elevators and floors

• Implement a scheduling algorithm to optimize elevator usage

• Add roles such as maintenance, emergency, and security

• Incorporate safety features such as emergency stop buttons and sensors

• Consider accessibility for individuals with disabilities

Construct binary tree from preorder and postorder traversal and return inorder traversal.

• Create a root node with the first element of preorder traversal

• Find the index of root node in postorder traversal

• Divide the preorder and postorder traversals into left and right subtrees

• Recursively construct left and right subtrees

• Return inorder traversal of the constructed binary tree

Check if two strings are anagrams of each other

• Create a character frequency map for both strings

• Compare the maps to check if they are equal

Algorithm to write content to a screen

• Determine the type of content to be displayed

• Choose an appropriate font and font size

• Define the layout and positioning of the content

• Implement the algorithm to display the content on the screen

To find a free IP range in an infinite pool of reserve IPs, we can iterate through the pool and check for available ranges.

• Iterate through the pool of reserve IPs

• Check for consecutive available IPs to form a range

• Return the first free IP range found

Hashmap implementation with add and remove methods

• Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs

• Add method adds a key-value pair to the hashmap

• Remove method removes a key-value pair from the hashmap

• Hash collision can occur when two keys have the same hash value

• In case of collision, separate chaining or open addressing can be used

Connect nodes at the same level of a binary tree horizontally.

• Use a queue to traverse the tree level by level.

• For each level, connect the nodes in the queue from left to right.

• Set the right pointer of each node to the next node in the queue.

• Set the right pointer of the last node in the level to null.

Implement trie in vanilla javascript with a UI problem of creating, deleting nested HTML element

• Create a Trie class with methods for inserting and searching words

• Implement a UI with buttons to create and delete nested HTML elements

• Use event listeners to handle user interactions

• Update the UI dynamically based on trie operations

An Elastic Load Balancer distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets to ensure high availability and scalability.

• Choose the appropriate load balancer type (Application, Network, Classic)

• Configure health checks to ensure traffic is only sent to healthy targets

• Set up auto scaling groups to automatically add or remove targets based on traffic

• Use security groups to control access to the load balancer and targets

• Consider using SSL/TLS encryption for secure traffic

• Monitor ...read more

Print the content of a spiral matrix

• Create a 2D array to represent the matrix

• Use four variables to keep track of boundaries (top, bottom, left, right)

• Iterate through the matrix in a spiral pattern, printing each element as you go

The tech stack includes Java, Spring Boot, React, and MySQL. Pros include robustness and scalability, cons include potential performance issues.

• Tech stack: Java, Spring Boot, React, MySQL

• Pros: Robustness, scalability

• Cons: Potential performance issues

LLD for a distributed cache service involves designing the architecture, data flow, and communication protocols.

• Design a scalable architecture with multiple nodes for storing and retrieving data.

• Implement data partitioning to distribute data across nodes efficiently.

• Define communication protocols for nodes to coordinate and synchronize data.

• Include mechanisms for data replication and consistency across nodes.

• Consider fault tolerance and recovery strategies in case of node fai...read more

Search for an element in a rotated sorted array

• Use binary search to find the pivot point where the array is rotated

• Determine which half of the array to search based on the target value and the pivot point

• Continue binary search in the selected half to find the target element

Design a memory management system for efficient allocation and deallocation of memory in software applications.

• Implement a memory pool to pre-allocate a fixed amount of memory for frequent allocation and deallocation operations.

• Use garbage collection to automatically reclaim memory that is no longer in use.

• Implement memory segmentation to divide memory into different segments for better organization and management.

• Use smart pointers in C++ to automatically manage memory alloc...read more

Design a generic notification system.

• Define different types of notifications (email, SMS, push notifications)

• Implement a way to schedule notifications

• Allow users to customize notification preferences

• Include a logging system to track sent notifications

• Consider security measures to protect user data

Designing Instagram feed involves displaying user's photos and videos in a visually appealing and user-friendly manner.

• Display user's posts in a grid layout with images/videos and captions

• Allow users to like, comment, and share posts

• Implement infinite scrolling to load more posts as user scrolls down

• Include a search bar to search for specific users or hashtags