10+ AK Technology Interview Questions and Answers

Clinical pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring safe and effective medication use in healthcare settings.

• Beta blockers are a class of medications used to treat conditions such as hypertension and heart failure by blocking the effects of adrenaline.

• Adverse drug reactions can be classified as Type A (predictable, dose-dependent) or Type B (idiosyncratic, dose-independent).

• Side effects of medications are unwanted effects that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic eff...read more

Antibiotics, antifungal, and antihypertensive drugs are classified mainly as cephalosporins.

• Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

• They are structurally related to penicillins and share a similar mechanism of action.

• Examples of cephalosporins include cephalexin, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime.

• Antifungal medications are used to treat fungal infections and can include drugs like fluconazole and terbinafine.

• Antihypertensive drug...read more

Drug interactions occur when two or more drugs interact with each other, resulting in altered effects or side effects.

• Drug interactions can occur between prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and even food.

• There are different types of drug interactions, including pharmacokinetic interactions, pharmacodynamic interactions, and pharmaceutical interactions.

• Pharmacokinetic interactions involve changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excre...read more

Adverse drug reactions are harmful or unintended reactions to medications.

• Adverse drug reactions are unwanted effects caused by a medication.

• They can range from mild to severe and can occur immediately or after prolonged use.

• Examples include nausea, dizziness, allergic reactions, and liver damage.

• Monitoring for adverse drug reactions is important in patient care to ensure safety and efficacy of treatment.

Examples of antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral medications

• Antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin

• Antifungal: Fluconazole, Clotrimazole, Terbinafine

• Antiviral: Acyclovir, Oseltamivir, Ribavirin

Antibiotics work by targeting specific components of bacterial cells to inhibit their growth or kill them.

• Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins)

• Inhibition of protein synthesis (e.g. macrolides, tetracyclines)

• Disruption of cell membrane function (e.g. polymyxins)

• Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (e.g. fluoroquinolones)

• Interference with metabolic pathways (e.g. sulfonamides)

• Targeting bacterial ribosomes or enzymes essential for bacterial surviva...read more

Beta lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins.

• Beta lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams

• They inhibit transpeptidase enzymes involved in cross-linking of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls

• This leads to weakened cell walls and eventual cell lysis

• Resistance can occur through production of beta-lactamases that degrade the antibiotic

Antifungals are classified based on their mechanism of action and spectrum of activity.

• Antifungals can be classified as azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, allylamines, and nucleotide analogs.

• Azoles inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, examples include fluconazole and itraconazole.

• Polyenes bind to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, causing cell death, examples include amphotericin B.

• Echinocandins inhibit the synthesis of beta-glucan in fungal cell wall...read more

Antivirals are medications used to treat viral infections by inhibiting the replication of viruses.

• Antivirals can be classified based on the type of virus they target (e.g. herpes, influenza, HIV)

• They can also be classified based on their mechanism of action (e.g. nucleoside analogs, protease inhibitors)

• Some antivirals are broad-spectrum, meaning they can target multiple types of viruses

• Examples of antivirals include acyclovir (herpes), oseltamivir (influenza), and tenofovir ...read more

Anticancer drugs are medications used to treat cancer by targeting and destroying cancer cells.

• Chemotherapy drugs (e.g. cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel)

• Targeted therapy drugs (e.g. imatinib, trastuzumab, vemurafenib)

• Hormone therapy drugs (e.g. tamoxifen, leuprolide)

• Immunotherapy drugs (e.g. pembrolizumab, nivolumab)

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that works by relaxing blood vessels and increasing blood flow.

• Amlodipine inhibits the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation

• It is commonly used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina)

• Amlodipine is usually taken orally and has a long duration of action