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To reverse a string while maintaining spaces, we can split the string, reverse the characters, and then join them back together.
Split the string into an array of characters.
Reverse the array of characters.
Join the reversed array back into a string.
Example: 'Hello World' becomes 'dlroW olleH'.
Spaces are preserved in their original positions.
DBMS groups and joins are essential for organizing and retrieving related data from multiple tables efficiently.
Grouping data is done using the GROUP BY clause, which aggregates data based on specified columns.
Example: SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department; returns the number of employees in each department.
Joins combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column, using INNER J...
One method to rotate an array by k positions is to reverse the array, then reverse the first k elements, and finally reverse the remaining elements.
Reverse the entire array
Reverse the first k elements
Reverse the remaining elements
Example: Array = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], k = 2. After rotation: ['d', 'e', 'a', 'b', 'c']
Data preprocessing involves cleaning, transforming, and organizing raw data before analysis.
1. Data cleaning: Removing or correcting errors in the data, handling missing values.
2. Data transformation: Normalizing, scaling, encoding categorical variables.
3. Data reduction: Dimensionality reduction techniques like PCA.
4. Data integration: Combining data from multiple sources.
5. Feature engineering: Creating new feat...
Reversing a linked list involves changing the direction of its pointers to reverse the order of nodes.
Initialize three pointers: prev (null), current (head), and next (null).
Iterate through the list: while current is not null, set next to current.next.
Change current.next to prev to reverse the link.
Move prev to current and current to next.
Finally, set head to prev to update the head of the reversed list.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware that initializes hardware during booting and provides runtime services for operating systems.
BIOS is stored on a chip on the motherboard.
It performs POST (Power-On Self-Test) to check hardware functionality.
BIOS settings can be accessed by pressing a specific key during startup (e.g., F2, DEL).
It allows users to configure hardware settings like boot order and system tim...
Cloud service providers offer scalable computing resources and services over the internet, enabling businesses to operate efficiently.
Types of services: IaaS (e.g., AWS EC2), PaaS (e.g., Google App Engine), SaaS (e.g., Microsoft 365).
Scalability: Resources can be adjusted based on demand, allowing businesses to grow without heavy upfront investments.
Cost-effectiveness: Pay-as-you-go pricing models reduce the need ...
DevOps components include culture, automation, measurement, and sharing.
Culture: Encouraging collaboration and communication between development and operations teams.
Automation: Implementing tools for continuous integration, continuous delivery, and infrastructure as code.
Measurement: Monitoring and analyzing performance metrics to improve processes and identify areas for optimization.
Sharing: Facilitating knowled...
State management in React involves managing and updating the state of components efficiently.
Use React's built-in state management with setState() method
Utilize React Context API for managing global state
Implement Redux for complex state management in larger applications
Calculate the sum of digits of a given number.
Iterate through each digit of the number and add them together.
Use modulo operator to extract each digit.
Repeat until all digits are processed.
Example: For number 123, sum of digits = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Dec 2021. There was 1 interview round.
I am a software engineer with expertise in developing and maintaining software applications.
Proficient in programming languages such as Java, C++, and Python
Experienced in developing web applications using frameworks like Spring and Django
Skilled in database management and SQL queries
Familiar with software development methodologies like Agile and Scrum
Strong problem-solving and analytical skills
Excellent communication ...
Output details of recent 10 graduates from a table storing student details.
Sort the table by graduation date in descending order.
Select the top 10 rows from the sorted table.
Output the selected rows.
Hash table. No, it is not possible to create a data structure with all operations in O(1) time.
Hash table uses a hash function to map keys to indices in an array.
Insertion and deletion can be done in O(1) time on average.
Search retrieval can also be done in O(1) time on average.
However, worst-case scenarios can result in O(n) time complexity.
It is not possible to create a data structure with all operations in O(1) time...
ACID properties ensure database transactions are reliable. Two transactions can occur simultaneously using locking and isolation.
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work, either all or none of it is executed.
Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another.
Isolation ensures that co...
Indexes are used to improve query performance. Multiple clustered and non-clustered indexes can be created on a table.
Indexes are used to quickly locate data without scanning the entire table.
Clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table.
Non-clustered index is a separate structure that contains a copy of the indexed columns and a pointer to the actual data.
A table can have only one clustered index, b...
Given an array and a number, find if the number can be generated using sum of array members and output those numbers.
Iterate through the array and check if the number can be generated using the sum of array members
Use a hash table to store the difference between the number and each array element
If the difference is found in the hash table, output the corresponding array elements
If no such combination is found, output '...
Time complexity of data structure operations
Arrays: O(1) for access, O(n) for search/insert/delete
Linked Lists: O(n) for access/search, O(1) for insert/delete
Stacks/Queues: O(1) for access/insert/delete
Hash Tables: O(1) for access/insert/delete (average case)
Trees: O(log n) for access/search/insert/delete (balanced)
Heaps: O(log n) for access/insert/delete
Graphs: Varies depending on algorithm used
Span is an inline element used for styling small portions of text, while div is a block-level element used for grouping and styling larger sections of content.
Span is an inline element, div is a block-level element
Span is used for styling small portions of text, div is used for grouping larger sections of content
Span does not create a new line, div creates a new block-level element
I appeared for an interview in Jan 2025.
One question relates to Linked list and another related to string
Circular linked list is a data structure where the last node points back to the first node.
In a circular linked list, each node has a pointer to the next node and the last node points back to the first node.
Traversal in a circular linked list can start from any node and continue until the starting node is reached again.
Insertion and deletion operations in a circular linked list are similar to those in a regular linked ...
I applied via Campus Placement
Coding test was really good it was easier to tackle the problem and writting code for it.
Developed a web-based project management tool for tracking tasks and deadlines.
Used React.js for front-end development
Implemented RESTful APIs using Node.js and Express
Utilized MongoDB for database storage
Incorporated authentication and authorization features for user security
I applied via Campus Placement
The interview process was satisfactory, but the environment was not conducive.
Oops concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, and Abstraction.
Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.
Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms.
Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.
Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only...
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Total two DSA question and 25 mcqs
The minimum number of swaps needed to group all ones together in an array of 0s and 1s.
Iterate through the array to count the total number of ones.
Use a sliding window of size equal to the total number of ones to find the window with the minimum number of zeros.
Calculate the number of swaps needed to move all ones to that window.
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
There were 30 questions on the aptitude test, all of which were part of the total count.
I have three questions: two related to data structures and algorithms, and one concerning SQL.
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Aug 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
1st round of the company was an online assessment with 40 questions,2 coding questions :- cake distribution problem, Palindrome and else there were 6-7 SQL questions and other were Aptitude questions (basic) whole test was for 1 hr.
Use ALTER TABLE to add a new column and then use MAX function to find the highest salary.
Use ALTER TABLE statement to add a new column to the table.
Use MAX function in SQL to find the maximum salary of employees.
Calculate the sum of digits of a given number.
Iterate through each digit of the number and add them together.
Use modulo operator to extract each digit.
Repeat until all digits are processed.
Example: For number 123, sum of digits = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
General on Online editors
Find the first occurrence of an element in a rotated sorted array efficiently using binary search.
A rotated array is a sorted array that has been rotated at some pivot. Example: [4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2] is a rotated version of [0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7].
To find the first occurrence, use binary search to reduce time complexity to O(log n).
Check the middle element; if it matches the target, continue searching in the left half to...
Pattern question based on Alphabets
Array questions - rearranging letters for encryption
I applied via Referral
Indexes in SQL are used to improve the performance of queries by allowing the database to quickly retrieve data.
Indexes are created on columns in a table to speed up data retrieval.
They work similar to an index in a book, allowing the database to quickly find the relevant data.
Primary keys automatically have an index created on them.
Indexes can be unique, meaning that each value in the indexed column must be unique.
Exa...
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
Normalization is used to eliminate data redundancy by breaking up tables into smaller, related tables.
There are different normal forms such as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF, each with specific rules to follow.
Normalization helps in reducing data anomalies and ensures data integrity.
Example: Breaking up a custome...
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The duration of MAQ Software interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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